when she lay ill with the tooth-ache. Such an ex-ness prevails; which gaming has taken the posses

travagant cast of mind engages multitudes of people, not only in impertinent terrors, but in supernumerary duties of life; and arises from that fear and ignorance which are natural to the soul of man. The horror with which we entertain the thoughts of death (or indeed of any future evil), and the uncertainty of its approach, fill a melan- ed with all the haunts and resorts of female nightwho compose this lawless assembly are masked, and that I am not the first cully whom she has we dare not attack any of them in our way, lest passed herself upon for a countess, we should send a woman of quality to Bridewell, "Thus, Sir, you see how I have mistaken a or a peer of Great Britain to the Compter: beside, cloud for a Juno; and if you can make any use of their numbers are so very great, that I am afraid this adventure for the benefit of those who may they would be able to rout our whole fraternity, possibly be as vain young coxcombs as myself, I though we were accompanied with our guard of do most heartily give you leave. constables. Both these reasons, which secure them from our authority, make them obnoxious to yours; as both their disguise and their numbers will give no particular person reason to think himself I design to visit the next masquerade myself, in affronted by you.

"If we are rightly informed, the rules that are observed by this new society are wonderfully contrived for the advancement of cuckoldom. The women either come by themselves, or are introduced by friends who are obliged to quit them, upon their first entrance, to the conversation of anybody that addresses himself to them. There are several rooms where the parties may retire, and, if they please, show their faces by consent. Whispers, squeezes, nods, and embraces, are the innocent freedoms of the place. In short, the whole design of this libidinous assembly seems to terminate in assignations and intrigues; and I hope you will take effectual methods, by your public advice and admonitions, to prevent such a

"I am, Sir,

"Your most humble admirer, B. L

the same habit I wore at Grand Cairo; and till then shall suspend my judgment of this midnight entertainment.-C.

***Letters for the Spectator, to be left with Mr. Buckley, at the Dolphin, in Little Britain. Spect, in folio,

Tiger with tiger, bear with bear, you'll find
In leagues offensive and defensive join'd.-TATE.

MAN is said to be a sociable animal, and, as an instance of it, we may observe that we take all

promiscuous multitude of both sexes from meet-occasions and pretenses of forming ourselves into ing together in so clandestine a manner.

"I am your humble servant, and fellow-laborer,

"Т. В."

Not long after the perusal of this letter, I rereceived another upon the same subject; which, by the date and style of it, I take to be written by some young Templar:

"SIR,

Middle Temple, 1710-11.

"When a man has been guilty of any vice or folly, I think the best atonement he can make for it, is to warn others not to fall into the like. In order to this, I must acquaint you, that some time in February last, I went to the Tuesday's masquerade. Upon my first going in I was attacked by half-a-dozen female Quakers, who seemed willing to adopt me for a brother; but upon a nearer examination I found they were a sisterhood of coquettes, disguised in that precise habit. I was soon after taken out to dance, and, as I fancied, by a woman of the first quality, for she was very tall, and moved gracefully. As soon as the minuet was over, we ogled one another through our masks; and as I am very well read in Waller, I repeated to her the four following verses out of his poem to Vandyke:

The heodless lover does not know
Whose eyes they are that wound him so;
But confounded with thy art,

Inquires her name that has his heart.

a

I pronounced these words with such a languishing air, that I had some reason to conclude I had made a conquest. She told me that she hoped my face was not akin to my tongue, and looking upon her watch, I accidentally discovered the figure of coronet on the back part of it. I was so transported with the thought of such an amour, that I plied her from one room to another with all the gallantries I could invent: and at length brought things to so happy an issue, that she gave me a private meeting the next day, without page or footman, coach or equipage. My heart danced in raptures, but I had not lived in this golden dream above three days, before I found a good reason to wish that I had continued true to my laundress. I have since heard, by a very great accident, that this fine lady does not live far from Covent-garden,

those little nocturnal assemblies, which are commonly known by the name of clubs. When a set of men find themselves agree in any particular, though never so trivial, they establish themselves into a kind of fraternity, and meet once or twice a week, upon the account of such a fantastic resemblance. I know a considerable market-town, in which there was a club of fat men, that did not come together (as you may well suppose) to entertain one another with sprightliness and wit but to keep one another in countenance. The room where the club met was something of the largest, and had two entrances, the one by a door of moderate size, and the other by a pair of foldingdoors. If a candidate for this corpulent club could make his entrance through the first, he was looked upon as unqualified; but if he stuck in the passage, and could not force his way through it, the folding doors were immediately thrown open for his reception, and he was saluted as a brother. I have heard that this club, though it consisted but of fifteen persons, weighed above three ton.

In opposition to this society, there sprung up another composed of scarecrows and skeletons, who, being very meager and envious, did all they could to thwart the designs of their bulky brethren, whom they represented as men of dangerous principles; till at length they worked them out of the favor of the people, and consequently out of the magistracy. These factions tore the corporation in pieces for several years, till at length they came to this accommodation; that the two bailiffs of the town should be annually chosen out of the two clubs; by which means the principal magistrates are at this day coupled like rabbits, one fat and one lean.

Every one has heard of the club, or rather the confederacy, of the kings. This grand alliance was formed a little after the return of King Charles the Second, and admitted into it men of all qualities and professions, provided they agreed in the surname of King, which, as they imagined, sufficiently declared the owners of it to be altogether untainted with republican and anti-monarchical principles.

A Christian name has likewise been often used as a badge of distinction, and made the occasion of a club. That of the George's, which used to meet at the sign of the George, on St. George's-day, and swear "Before George," is still fresh in every one's memory.

There are at present, in several parts of this city, what they call street-clubs, in which the chief inhabitants of the street converse together every night. I remember, upon my inquiring after lodgings in Ormond street, the landlord, to recommend that quarter of the town, told me there was at that time a very good club in it; he also told me, upon farther discourse with him, that two or three noisy country 'squires, who were settled there the year before, had considerably sunk the price of house-rent; aad that the club (to prevent the like inconveniences for the future) had thoughts of taking every house that became vacant into their own hands, till they had found a tenant for it, of a sociable nature and good conversation.

The Hum-drum club, of which I was formerly an unworthy member, was made up of very honest gentlemen of peaceable dispositions, that used to sit together, smoke their pipes, and say nothing until midnight. The Mum club (as I am informed) is an institution of the same nature, and as great an enemy to noise.

After these two innocent societies, I cannot forbear mentioning a very mischievous one, that was erected in the reign of King Charles the Second; I mean the club of Duelists, in which none was to be admitted that had not fought his man. The president of it was said to have killed half a dozen in single combat; and as for the other members, they took their seats according to the number of their slain. There was likewise a side-table, for such as had only drawn blood, and shown a laudable ambition of taking the first opportunity to qualify themselves for the first table. This club, consisting only of men of honor, did not continue long, most of the members of it being put to the sword, or hanged, a little after its institution.

Our modern celebrated clubs are founded upon eating and drinking, which are points wherein most men agree, and in which the learned and the illiterate, the dull and the airy, the philosopher and the buffoon, can all of them bear a part. The Kitcat* itself is said to have taken its original from a mutton-pie. The beef-steakt and October clubs are neither of them averse to eating and drinking, if we may form a judgment of them from their respective titles.

When men are thus knit together, by a love of society, not a spirit of faction, and do not meet to censure or annoy those that are absent, but to enjoy one another; when they are thus combined for their own improvement, or for the good of others, or at least to relax themselves from the business of the day by an innocent and cheerful conversation, there may be something very useful in these little in titutions and establishments.

I cannot forbear concluding this paper with a scheme of laws that I met with upon a wall in a

* An account of this club, which took its name from Christopher Cat, the maker of their mutton-pics, has been given

in the new edition of the Tatler, with notes, in 6 vols. The portraits of its members were drawn by Kneller, who was himself one of their number, and all portraits of the same dimensions and form, are at this time called kit-cat pictures. The original portraits are now the property of William Baker, Esq., to whom they came by inheritance from J. Tonson, who was secretary to the club. It was originally formed in Shire-lane, about the time of the trial of the seven bishops, for a little free evening conversation; but in Queen Anne's reign comprehended above forty noblemen and gentlemen of the first rank for quality, merit, and fortune, firm friends of the Hanoverian succession.

†Of this club, it is said, that Mrs. Woffington, the only woman in it, was president; Richard Estcourt, the comedian, was their providore; and as an honorable badge of his office,

little alehouse How I came thither I may inform my reader at a more convenient time. These laws were enacted by a knot of artisans and mechanics, who used to meet every night; and as there is something in them which gives us a pretty picture of low life, I shall transcribe them word for word.

Rules to be observed in the Two-penny Club, erected in this place for the preservation of friendship and good neighborhood.

1. Every member at his first coming in shall lay down his two-pence.

2. Every member shall fill his pipe out of his own box.

3. If any member absents himself, he shall forfeit a penny for the use of the club, unless in case of sickness or imprisonment.

4. If any member curses or swears, his neighbor may give him a kick upon the shins.

5. If any member tells stories in the club that are not true, he shall forfeit for every third lie a half-penny.

6. If any member strikes another wrongfully, he shall pay his club for him.

7. If any member brings his wife into the club, he shall pay for whatever she drinks or smokos.

8. If any member's wife comes to fetch him home from the club, she shall speak to him with. out the door.

9. If any member calls another a cuckold, he shall be turned out of the club.

10. None shall be admitted into the club that is of the same trade with any member of it.

11. None of the club shall have his clothes or shoes made or mended, but by a brother member. 12. No non-juror shall be capable of being a member.

The morality of this little club is guarded by such wholesome laws and penalties, that I question not but my reader will be as well pleased with them as he would have been with the Leges Convivales of Ben Jonson, the regulations of an old Roman club cited by Lipsius, or the rules of a Symposium in an ancient Greek author.

So the boat's brawny crew the current stem,
And, slow advancing, struggle with the stream:
But if they slack their hands, or cease to strive,
Thep down the flood with headlong haste they drive.
BRIDEN.

IT is with much satisfaction that I hear this great city inquiring day by day after these my papers, and receiving my morning lectures with a becoming seriousness and attention. My publisher tells me, that there are already three thousand of them distributed every day: so that if I allow twenty readers to every paper, which I look upon as a modest computation, I may reckon about threescore thousand disciples in London and Westminster, who I hope will take care to distinguish themselves from the thoughtless herd of their ignorant and inattentive brethren. Since I have raised to myself so great an audience, I shall spare no pains to make their instruction agreeable, and their diversion useful. For which reasons I shall endeavor to enliven morality with wit, and to temper wit with morality, that my readers may, if possible, both ways find their account in the speculation of the day. And to the end that their virtue and discretion may not be short, transient,

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48
intermitting starts of thought, I have resolved to re- for the fair ones. Their amusements seem con-
fresh their memories from day to day, till I have trived for them, rather as they are women, than as

recovered them out of that desperate state of vice
and folly, into which the age is fallen. The mind,
that lies fallow for a single day, sprouts up in fol-
lies that are only to be killed by a constant and
assiduous culture. It was said of Socrates, that
he brought Philosophy down from heaven, to in-
habit among men; and I shall be ambitious to have
it said of me, that I have brought Philosophy out
of closets and libraries, schools and colleges, to
dwell in clubs and assemblies,
coffee-houses.

are at tea-tables and in

I would therefore in a very particular manner recommend these my speculations to all well regulated families, that set apart an hour every morning for tea and bread and butter; and would earnestly advise them for their good to order this paper to be punctually served up, and to be looked upon as a part of the tea-equipage.

Sir Francis Bacon observes, that a well written
book, compared with its rivals and antagonists, is
like Moses' serpent, that immediately swallowed
up and devoured those of the Egyptians. I shall
not be so vain as to think, that where the Specta-
tor appears, the other public prints will vanish;
but shall leave it to my reader's consideration,
whether it is not much better to be let into the
knowledge of one's self, than to hear what passes
in Muscovy or Poland; and to amuse ourselves
with such writings as tend to the wearing out of
ignorance, passion, and prejudice, than such as
naturally conduce to inflame hatreds, and make
enmities irreconcilable.

In the next place I would recommend this paper
to the daily perusal of those gentlemen whom I
cannot but consider as my good brothers and allies,
I mean the fraternity of Spectators, who live in
the world without having anything to do in it;
and either by the affluence of their fortunes, or
laziness of their dispositions, have no other busi-
ness with the rest of mankind, but to look upon
them. Under this class of men are comprehended
all contemplative tradesmen, titular physicians,
fellows of the royal society, Templars that are
not given to be contentious, and statesmen that
are out of business; in short, every one that con-
siders the world as a theater, and desires to form
a right judgment of those who are the actors on it.
There is another set of men that I must like-
wise lay a claim to, whom I have lately called the
blanks of society, as being altogether unfurnished
with ideas, till the business and conversation of
the day has supplied them. I have often con-
sidered these poor souls with an eye of great com-
miseration, when I have heard them asking the
first man they have met with, whether there was
any news stirring? and by that means gathering
together materials for thinking. These needy
persons do not know what to talk of, till about
twelve o'clock in the morning; for by that time
they are pretty good judges of the weather, know
which way the wind sets, and whether the Dutch
mail be come in. As they lie at the mercy of the
first man they meet, and are grave or impertinent
all the day long, according to the notions which
they have imbibed in the morning, I would ear-
nestly entreat of them not to stir out of their
chambers till they have read this paper, and do
promise them that I will daily instill into them
such sound and wholesome sentiments, as shall
have a good effect on their conversation for the
ensuing twelve hours.

they are reasonable creatures; and are more adapted to the sex than to the species. The toilet is their great scene of business, and the right adjusting of their hair the principal employment of they their lives. The sorting of a suit of ribbons is reckoned a very good morning's work; and if make an excursion to a mercer's or a toy-shop, so great a fatigue makes them unfit for anything else all the day after. Their more serious occupations sewing and embroidery, and their greatest drudgery the preparation of jellies and sweetmeats. This, I say, is the state of ordinary women; though I know there are multitudes of those of a more elevated life and conversation, that move in an exalted sphere of knowledge and virtue, that join all the beauties of the mind to the ornaments of dress, and inspire a kind of awe and | respect, as well as love, into their male beholders. I hope to increase the number of these by publishing this daily paper, which I shall always endeavor to make an innocent if not an improving entertainment, and by that means, at least, divert the minds of my female readers from greater trifles. At the same time, as I would fain give some finishing touches to those which are already the most beautiful pieces in human pature, I shall endeavor to point out all those imperfections that are the blemishes, as well as those virtues which are the embellishments of the sex. In the meanwhile, I hope these my gentle readers, who have so much time on their hands, will not grudge throwing away a quarter of an hour in a day upon this paper, since they may do it without any hinderance to business.

I know several of my friends and well-wishers are in great pain for me, lest I should not be able to keep up the spirit of a paper which I oblige myself to furnish every day; but to make them easy in this particular, I will promise them faithfully to give it over as soon as I grow dull. This I know will be matter of great raillery to the small wits, who will frequently put me in mind of my promise, desire me to keep my word, assure me that it is high time to give over, with many other little pleasantries of the like nature, which men of a little smart genius cannot forbear throwing out against their best friends, when they have such a handle given them of being witty. But let them remember, that I do hereby enter my caveat against this piece of raillery. Č.

No. 11.] TUESDAY, MARCH, 13, 1710-11. Dat veniam corvis, vexat censura columbas. Juv., Sat. ii, 63. The doves are censur'd, while the crows are spar'd.

ARIETTA is visited by all persons of both sexes, who have any pretense to wit and gallantry. She is in that time of life which is neither affected with the follies of youth, nor infirmities of age; and her conversation is so mixed with gayety and prudence, that she is agreeable both to the old and the young. Her behavior is very frank, without being in the least blamable: and as she is out of the track of any amorous or ambitious pursuits of her own, her visitants entertain her with accounts of themselves very freely, whether they concern their passions or their interests. I made her a visit this afternoon, having been formerly introduced to the honor of her acquaintance by my friend Will Honeycomb, who has prevailed upon her to admit me sometimes into her assembly, as a civil, inoffensive man. I found her accompanied with one person only, a common-place talker, who, upon my entrance, arose, and after a very slight

But there are none to whom this paper will be more useful than to the female world. I have often thought there has not been sufficient pains taken in finding out proper employment and diversions | civility sat down again; then turning to Arietta,

pursued his discourse, which I found was upon the old topic of constancy in love. He went on with great facility in repeating what he talks every day of his life; and with the ornaments of insignificant laughs laughs and gestures, enforced his arguments by quotations out of plays and songs, which allude to the perjuries of the fair, and the general levity of women. Methought he strove to shine more than ordinarily in his talkative way, that he might insult my silence, and distinguish himself before a woman of Arietta's taste and understanding. She had often an inclination to interrupt him, but could find no opportunity, till the larum ceased of itself, which it did not till he had repeated and murdered the celebrated story of the Ephesian Matron.

Arietta seemed to regard this piece of raillery as an outrage done to her sex; as indeed I have always observed that women, whether out of a nicer regard to their honor, or what other reason I cannot tell, are more sensibly touched with those general aspersions which are cast upon their sex, than men are by what is said of theirs.

When she had a little recovered herself from the serious anger she was in, she replied in the following manner:

agreeable, a ruddy vigor in his countenance, strength in his limbs, with ringlets of fair hair loosely flowing on his shoulders. It happened, in the course of the voyage, that the Achilles, in some distress, put into a creek on the main of America, in search of provisions. The youth, who is the hero of my story, among others went on shore on this occasion. From their first landing they were observed by a party of Indians, who hid themselves in the woods for that purpose. The English unadvisedly marched a great distance from the shore into the country, and were intercepted by the natives, who slew the greatest number of them. Our adventurer escaped among others, by flying into a forest. Upon his ecming into a remote and pathless part of the wood, he threw himself, tired and breathless, on a little hillock, when an Indian mai rushed from a thicket behind him. After the first surprise they appeared mutually agreeable to each other. If the European was highly charmed with the limbs, features, and wild graces of the naked American; the American was no less taken with the dress, complexion, and shape of a European, covered from head to foot. The Indian grew immediately enamored of him, and consequently solicitous for his preservation. She therefore conveyed him to a cave, where she gave him a delicious repast of fruits, and led him to a stream to slake his thirst. In the midst of these good offices, she would sometimes play with his hair, and delight in the opposition of its color to that of her fingers: then open his bosom, then laugh at him for covering it. She was, it seems, a person of distinction, for she every day came to him in a different dress, of the most beautiful shells, bugles, and beads. She likewise brought him a great many spoils, which her other lovers had presented to her, so that his cave was richly adorned with all the spotted skins of beasts, and most party-colored feathers of fowls, which that world afforded. To make his confinement more tolerable, she would carry him in the dusk of the evening, or by the favor of moonlight,

"Sir, when I consider how perfectly new all you have said on this subject is, and that the story you have given us is not quite two thousand years old, I cannot but think it a piece of presumption to dispute it with you; but your quotations put ine in mind of the fable of the lion and the wan. The man walking with that noble animal, showed him, in the ostentation of human superiority, a sign of a man killing a lion. Upon which, the lion said very justly, We lions are none of ns painters, else we could show a hundred men killed by lions for one lion killed by a man.' You men are writers, and can represent us women as unbecoming as you please in your works, while we are unable to return the injury. You have twice or thrice observed in your discourse, that hypocrisy is the very foundation of our education; and that an ability to dissemble our affections is to unfrequented groves and solitudes, and show

a professed part of our breeding. These and such other reflections are sprinkled up and down the writings of all ages, by authors, who leave behind them memorials of their resentment against the scorn of particular women, in invectives against the whole sex. Such a writer, I doubt not, was the celebrated Petronius, who invented the pleasant aggravations of the Ephesian lady; but when we consider this question between the sexes, which has been either a point of dispute or raillery ever since there were men and women, let us take facts from plain people, and from such as have not either ambition or capacity to embellish their narrations with any beauties of imagination. I was the other day amusing myself with Lignon's Account of Barbadoes; and, in answer to your well-wrought tale, I will give you (as it dwells upon my memory), out of that honest traveler, in his fifty-fifth page, the history of Inkle

and Yarico.

him where to lie down in safety, and sleep amidst the falls of waters and melody of nightingales.Her part was to watch and hold him awake in her arms, for fear of her countrymen, and wake him on occasions to consult his safety. In this manner did the lovers pass away their time, till they had learned a language of their own, in which the voyager communicated to his mistress how happy he should be to have her in his country, where she should be clothed in such silks as his waistcoat was made of, and be carried in houses drawn by horses, without being exposed to wind or weather. All this he promised her the enjoyment of, without such fears and alarms as they were there tormented with. In this tender correspondence these lovers lived for several months, when Yarico, instructed by her lover, discovered a vessel on the coast, to which she made signals; and in the night, with the utmost joy and satisfaction, accompanied him to a ship's crew of his countrymen bound to Barbadoes. When a vessel from the main arrives in that island, it seems the planters come down to the shore, where there is an immediate market of the Indians and other slaves, as with us of horses and oxen.

"Mr. Thomas Inkle, of London, aged twenty years, embarked in the Downes, in the good ship called the Achilles, bound for the West Indies, on the 16th of June, 1647, in order to improve his fortune by trade and merchandise. Our adventurer was the third son of an eminent citizen, who had taken particular care to instill into his mind an early love of gain, by making him a perfect master of numbers, and consequently giving him a quick view of loss and advantage, and prevent- during his stay with Yarico. This thought made ing the natural impulses of his passions, by pre- the young man pensive, and careful what account possession toward his interests. With a mind he should be able to give his friends of his voythus turned, young Inkle had a person every way age. Upon which consideration, the prudent and

""To be short, Mr. Thomas Inkle, now coming into English territories, began seriously to reflect upon his loss of time, and to weigh with himself how many days' interest of his money he had lost