one breath the six sounds should be given on one breath twice, then three times and four times as

Ah a ee oo oh aw ah a ee oo oh aw

Ah a ee oo oh aw ah a ee oo oh aw ah a ee oo oh aw Ah & ee oo oh aw ah a ee oo oh aw ah a ee oo oh aw ah a ee oo oh aw

Aw oh oo ee a ah aw oh oo ee a ah aw oh oo ee a ah aw oh oo ee a ah

After some practise the six sounds can be given easily five and six times on one breath. Practising these long groups in this way will not only develop voice support but also teach the child, unconsciously, to vocalize all breath.

The following drills will develop flexibility of the lips and relaxation of the jaw and open mouth delivery.

In practising these exercises the jaw should drop for the ah and aw sounds.

oo aw, oo aw, oo aw, oo aw
ee aw, ee aw, ee aw, ee aw
oo ah, oo ah, oo ah, oo ah
ee ah, ee ah, ee ah, ee ah

CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH SOUNDS

There are two main classes of speech sounds-Vowels and Consonants.

A vowel is a voiced sound made with the tone passage open and free from obstruction.

A consonant is a sound made by obstructing the tone and not allowing it free passage through the mouth. y and w have the nature of a vowel and a consonant.

There are two classes of consonants-Oral (those made in the mouth) and Nasal (those made in the nasal cavities). The oral consonants are also divided into stops and continuants. They are again subdivided into breathed and voiced. The nasal consonants are all voiced continuants. The breathed consonants are felt by placing the hand before the mouth when they are being made. The vibrations of the voiced consonants are felt by placing the tips of the fingers on the sides of the throat, above the larynx, and the vibrations of the nasal consonants are felt by placing the finger on the side of the nose.

Every breathed consonant except h has a corresponding voiced one, thus: b corresponds to p, d to t, g to k, and w to wh. The voiced consonants should be compared with the corresponding breathed consonants.

The following table shows the consonants arranged under the above divisions, and also shows the organs used in their articulation:

There are three classes of vowels: Front, Back, and Mixed. Front vowels are those in which the front and middle of the tongue is raised. Back vowels are those in which the back of the tongue is raised, and Mixed vowels are those in which the part of the tongue between the front and back is raised.

They are also divided into High, those made with the tongue high in the mouth, as ee; Low, those made with the tongue low, as aw; and Mid, those made with the tongue neither high nor low, as oh.

The raising and low

ering of the tongue is accompanied by the raising and lowering of the lower jaw.

CLASSIFICATION OF SPEECH SOUNDS

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The following table shows the vowels arranged according to the above classifications:

The authors make grateful acknowledgment to Miss Jeanette Berner, a teacher in the public schools of New York City, who kindly posed for the illustrations on the following pages.