Merchandise is now transported from the city of New-York, to Cincinnati,

Ohio, in sixteen days. The distance is as follows:

New-York to Albany, by the Hudson river,

Albany to Buffalo, by the Erie Canal,

Buffalo to Cleveland, Ohio, by Lake Erie,

Cleveland to Portsmouth, by the Ohio Canal,

Portsmouth to Cincinnati, by the Ohio River,

Miles

145

363

190

306

106

1110

From Cincinnati to New Orleans, by the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, is 1,465 miles; making the total distance from New-York to New-Orleans, by the above route, 2,575 miles.

COFFEE.

The estimated consumption of Coffee in the United States, is about 60 millions of pounds per annum.

THE NEW-YORK POST OFFICE.

Amount of letters received at the Post Office for six days, ending June 1833, viz.:

Of this large number, 35,219 were delivered in this city, and the remainder forwarded to every part of the country. When it is taken into consideration, that each of these letters were handled six or seven times, for the purpose of marking, assorting, delivering, mailing, &c., it will be equal to the handling of seven hundred thousand letters. Moreover, the number of newspapers passing through the office amounts to a million per month.

UNITED STATES' MINT AND GOLD

MINES.

The amount of the coinage effected at the United States' Mint in Philadelphia, within the last year, was $3,401,055; gold, $798,435; silver, $2,579,000; copper, $23,620. Of the gold coined, about $80,000 were derived from Mexico, South America, and the West Indies; $28,000 from Africa; and $678,000 from the gold region in the Southern States.

The gold mines in North Carolina, supplied the mint the last year, with $458,000. The total amount for the last ten years from that state, is $1,913,000. Georgia for the last year, supplied $140,000; Virginia, $34,000; South Carolina, $45,000; Tennessee, $1000.

The production of only one half of the mines in the Southern States, is supposed to find its way to the Mint; the other half being exported uncoined, or employed in the arts. According to this estimate, the product of the gold found in the United States, during the last year, was not less than a million and a quarter of dollars.

The gold mines of North Carolina produced, during the last year, about $916,000. In 1829, the product was only $268,000; in 1830, $408,000; and in 1831, $588,000: showing an increase the last year of $328,000.

PRINTERS' ENTERPRISE.

In the establishment of the Messrs. Harpers, of this city, there are 17 presses, and one working by horse power, which equals the work of seven common presses; and the persons employed in their stereotyping, printing, and bookbinding departments, are 140 in number

The printing of the establishment costs $100, and the paper $200 a day; they employ a considerable number of workmen out of their own quarters; turn out, on an average, every day in the year, a book of the Family Library size; the postage bill of the firm is about one thousand dollars per annum.

It is but a few years since the Harpers were Journeymen Printers. In 1816, the editor of the Albany Evening Journal was a Pressmate of James Harper in the of fice of Alderman Jonathan Seymour, of New-York, a man that honours the Craft, and who is remembered with esteem and affection by all who ever held situations in his office. At that day, Harper was known as a driver.' Nothing short of 12 tokens a day would satisfy him. His brother John worked at a Press in the same room, and was a chip of the same block. Dead Horses were never found upon their Banks. It required no gift of prophecy to see, from these young men's manners of taking time by the forelock, that they were destined to "make a spoon or spoil a horn." We are happy to learn that they have made a Spoon, with which they are diligently employed in extracting honey from the "Horn of plenty.”

LAKE

WINNIPISEOGEE.

The first attempt to navigate this lake, by steam, was made this season; when it was crossed by the steamboat Belknap. New lines of stages have been established at each extremity of the lake, and an active and valuable communication between the lower and upper part of New-Hampshire, and a portion of Vermont, is anticipated as the result.

LOCUSTS.

Clouds of locusts have lately made their appearance in Arkansas. In the forests, their course is marked by the wilted and sallow leaves of the young and tender branches, which have been perforated by them for the deposit of their eggs.

FOREIGN VARIETIES.

SAVINGS BANKS IN GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND.

The amount of monies invested in Savings' Banks and Friendly Societies, in the United Kingdom. is £13,540,039 7s. 10d. (Over 60 millions of dollars.)

WOO L.

England and Wales, feed 36 millions of sheep, each of which yields, on an average, a fleece of four pounds weight, or 144 millions of pounds, which, at 1s. per pound, is worth £7,200,000. These, manufactured, produce £20,000,000, ($57,600,000, estimating $4,80 to the £,) per annum to the manufacturers.

COTTON.

The amount of Cotton manufactured in Great Britain in 1781, was only 5 millions pounds; in 1800, it had increased to 86 millions pounds; in 1820, to 147 millions pounds; in 1830, to 250 millions pounds. The annual value is not less than 36 millions pounds sterling, ($172,800,000.) The wages paid, £22,000,000 sterling, ($105,600,000,) and the manufacturers employ 1,250,000 persons. In Manchester alone, 187,000 persons are engaged in the Cotton trade. STATEMENT OF COTTON SPUN IN VARIOUS COUNTRIES IN 1831.

COMPARATIVE

In Switzerland, Cotton yarn No. 40, costs 141d. sterling (26 cents) per lb. when Cotton is 8ld. The wages of spinners are 4s. 5d., while in England, in similar mills, they are 8s. 4d.

In India, a new Cotton Mill has been put in operation, twelve miles above Calcutta.

BREWERIES, &c.

The total amount of licensed Breweries in England, is 1,753; and the number licensed for the general use of Beer, and who brew their own, is 13,102. The Brewers in Scotland are 216, and about the same in Ireland. The annual export of Beer from the United Kingdom, amounts to 70,136 barrels; of which 28,881 goes to the East Indies, and 13,461 to the West Indies. The amount of duty on Malt in 1832, was £4,976,694 19s. 9d., (about 24 millions of dollars.) The number of bushels used in distillation in the same period, was about 4 millions.

BANKRUPTCIES.

The number of Bankruptcies in England, in 1831, was 1,886; in 1822, 1,722. Total in 11 years, 19,376.

CHOLERA IN FRANCE.

The sum of 1,277,860 francs, was expended by the French government, during the prevalence of this disease, last year; 229,534 persons were attacked, and 94,665 died. In Paris, 1 out of 33 of the whole population died

LANGUAGES.

The number of languages spoken in Europe is 587, in Asia 937, in Africa 476, in America 1,064; making a total of 3,064.

Books are so fast multiplying in this enlightened age, that it is impossible for a person who devotes a large portion of his time to literary pursuits, to read even a moiety of those which are published in his own language. Verbosity and diffuseness should be carefully eschewed by the writers of the present day. Brevity should be studied, and few words made to convey much meaning.

The author of Lacon says, "an era is approaching, when no writer will be read by the great majority, save and except those who can effect that for bales of manuscript, which the hydrostatic screw performs for bales of cotton, by condensing that matter into a period which before occupied a page."

BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES

OF EMINENT INDIVIDUALS, LATELY DECEASED.

HON. JOHN RANDOLPH OF ROANOKE.

This distinguished Virginian died at Heiskill's Hotel, in Philadelphia, on Friday, 24th May, 1833. He had been in bad health for some years, and on his arrival at Philadelphia, he is said to have expressed his belief that he was about to die; but it was his wish to brace himself up by a sea voyage, to meet the labours of the ensuing Congress, of which he had been recently elected a member. We learn, (says a Philadelphia editor,) that his mind retained its usual character until within about two hours of his dis solution. It then appeared to sink and suffer, like the body, complete exhaustion. He was emaciated to such a degree, that his frame was a prodigy of leanness and general debility-a mere anatomy. He gave directions that his corpse should be transported to Roanoke and buried under a particular tree.

The following sketch of Mr. Randolph's life and character is from the Journal of Commerce.

Mr. Randolph died in the sixtieth year of his age; and, for more than half of his life, he occupied much of the attention of the American public. His first appearance in public affairs, was at the hustings, in Charlotte county, at the election of delegates to the Assembly of Virginia, in 1799, and this debut was marked by a contest with Patrick Henry. Mr. Henry, though opposed to the adoption of the Federal Constitution, became its firm supporter after its adoption ;for, much as he dreaded a strong government, he dreaded anarchy more. He condemned the spirit and tendency of the Virginia Resolutions of '98-'99, and, in opposition to them, he came forth from his retirement, offered himself as a candidate for the county, and addressed the voters in that strain of impassioned eloquence with which

he had roused his countrymen to resistance against arbitrary power. Mr. Randolph, who was at that time little known to the voters, and who had never spoken in public, except in collegiate exercises, while at Princeton, replied to Mr. Henry; and so effective were his remarks, that, during their delivery, many of the auditors exclaimed against the hoary headed orator of the Revolution as "a Tory." It may perhaps, be regarded as a singular circumstance, and as a proof that Mr. Randolph was not altogether so inconsistent in his political career as he has been said to be, that his last effort, before the people of his district, was made in the support of the very doctrines which, in his first appearance before them, he so warmly espoused and vindicated.

Mr. Randolph took his seat in Congress on the 2d December 1799, and held it till March 3d, 1813. In the next Congress he was succeeded by Mr. John W. Eppes, who beat him on this the only occasion in which he ever failed of success, as a candidate for Congress, from his district. He was re-elected in 1815, and after serving one term, he retired and declined a re-election. In 1819, he was again a candidate and was elected without opposition. He remained a member of the House of Representatives till the year 1825, when he was transferred to the Senate, to fill the vacancy occasioned by the resignation of Mr. Barbour. He failed as a candidate for re-election to the Senate, after the expiration of his term in 1827, but he was returned as a member of the House of Representatives, in the next Congress. He subsequently accepted from President Jackson the appointment of Minister Plenipotentiary to Russia; and, at the time of his death, he was a member elect of the 23d Congress.

To the public Mr. Randolph has been known, for more than thirty years, as a politician and parliamentary orator. As a politician, he is said to have contributed much to the defeat of the federal party in 1801, and to the consequent success of Mr. Jefferson. He soon be came dissatisfied with the administration of Mr. Jefferson, and the administration of his successor, Mr. Madison, he warmly opposed. He was also unfriendly to the administration of Mr. Monroe, and to the administration of the second Adams he opposed himself with bitter hostility. He advocated the election of Gen. Jackson, but exerted his latest efforts in opposition to some of the leading principles of his policy. In the committee business of Congress, Mr. Randolph never took much part. He was twice Chairman of the committee of Ways and Means, and was appointed by the House of Representatives, to conduct the impeachment of Judge Chase. But for such stations he had neither tact nor disposition. He rarely or never drew a bill or made a report.

As a declaimer, his name and eloquence form a conspicuous portion of the history of every measure which was discussed in Congress while he was a member. The character of his oratory is known to every newspaper reader in the country. His speeches have been more fully and correctly reported, (in the National Intelligencer,) and have been more generally read, than those of any other member of Congress. He never spoke without commanding the most intense in