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NEW STATES, &c.

VERMONT.

In February, 1781, the first newspaper printed in Vermont was published at Westminster; it was entitled, The Vermont Gazette or Green Mountain Post-Boy. Motto

"Pliant as Reeds, where streams of Freedom glide;
Firm as the Hills, to stem Oppression's Tide.

It was printed on a sheet of pot size, and published weekly, on Monday, by Judah Paddock Spooner and Timothy Green. Green resided in New London, and Spooner conducted the Gazette, which was continued only two or three years.

In 1810 there were not less than fourteen newspapers in this state, which forty years before was an uncultivated wilderness.

After the establishment of peace, the settlement of the uncultivated country progressed with a rapidity unparalleled, perhaps, in history. The press seems to have followed the axe of the husbandman; forests were cleared, settlements made, new states were formed, and gazettes were published.

KENTUCKY.

A Gazette was first published in this state in September, 1786, by John Bradford, in Lexington. Another news

paper was soon after printed at Frankfort. Others speedily followed in various towns.

TENNESSEE.

In 1793, R. Roulstone, from Massachusetts, settled at Knoxville; and, in that year, first published The Knoxville Gazette.

OHIO.

Printing was introduced into this state at Cincinnati in 1795, by S. Freeman & Son; and they published a newspaper. A second newspaper was published at that place in 1799. Then a press was established at Marietta, from which was issued The Ohio Gazette; and, there are now (1810), other newspapers published in the state; particularly two or three at Chillicothe.1

MISSISSIPPI TERRITORY.

A press has been established at Natchez, and a newspaper published.

1 The Ohio Patriot, a newspaper published in 1811, contains the following remark, “The progress of population in the state of Ohio is truly astonishing. Large districts of country, extending hundreds of miles, over which one of the editors wandered thirteen years ago, amid the gloom of the groves, without viewing the human face divine,' except in the persons of his military companions, or the solitary Indian hunter, are now covered with populous towns, in several of which newspapers are published."

LOUISIANA.

Several newspapers were published in the city of New Orleans, immediately after the country was purchased by the government of the United States.

There is now (1810), a press at St. Louis, in Upper Louisiana, at the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi rivers, at which a newspaper is printed.

NOTE.

MAINE. The first paper printed in this state is said to have been established at Falmouth in 1785 for the purpose of advocating a separation from Massachusetts. It was about the size of a sheet of foolscap, and was made up principally of extracts from other papers, giving dates a fortnight or three weeks old from Boston and New York as the latest intelligence. The printer, whose name is not mentioned, was living in 1842.

MICHIGAN. It is stated in the Catholic Almanac of 1871, that Gabriel Richard, a French Catholic priest, was the first person that undertook printing west of the Alleghanies. He printed a paper called the Essai du Michigan in 1809, which seems to have given offense to the British authorities, by whom he was imprisoned. There were undoubtedly earlier printers west of the Alleghanies.

ILLINOIS. The Illinois Herald, the first paper in that state, was begun at or before 1809, by Matthew Duncan, at Kaskaskia. It passed soon after under the name of Illinois Intelligencer, and was removed to Vandalia.

MISSISSIPPI. A paper is said to have been established at Natchez in 1808, but nothing authentic is found concerning it.

MISSOURI. A paper is reported to have been printed at St. Louis, called the Gazette in 1806.

INDIANA. The Western Sun, the first paper in this territory, was begun at Vincennes in 1808.

WISCONSIN. The Green Bay Republican was printed by W. Shoals in 1831 or 1832.

ARKANSAS. The first paper in this state is supposed to have been issued in 1834, at Little Rock.

Iowa had a paper at Burlington in 1836.

TEXAS. The Galveston Star was commenced in 1834.

CALIFORNIA. It was not till 1848 that a paper was begun on a small sheet at San Francisco, called Alta California.

OREGON. A paper called The Freeman was begun at Columbia in 1847. MINNESOTA. S. Randall began to publish The Register at St. Paul in 1849.-M.

BRITISH COLONIES,

ON THE CONTINENT.

NOVA SCOTIA.

This colony continues to be a part of British America. The settlement of the chief town of the colony, Halifax, commenced in 1749, at the expense of the British government. The first press established in the province was in 1750.

HALIFAX.

Soon after the commencement of the settlement of this town, printing was introduced, and a newspaper published with the title of

The Halifax Gazette.

It first appeared in January, 1752, and was printed weekly, on half a sheet of foolscap paper, by John Bushell, from Boston. The circulation of the Gazette was in a great measure confined to the town, which was then a mere garrison. After a trial of some months the publication of it was for a long time suspended; at length it was

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