and residuary legatee. The will is witnessed by Anne Brooke, Phebe Gleave, and Ann Moulston, and is sealed with a seal bearing the Starkey crest, a stork's head erased, holding in the beak a serpent. Amongst the specific legacies are a seal bearing the Starkey arms, and a ring bearing the Starkey crest. It seems evident that this lady either was a Starkey, or that she was at least three times married, and that previous to her marriage with a Williams she had married a Starkey. Most of the Starkey and Brooke relations mentioned in the will appear in the pedigrees of Brooke of Norton and Starkey of Stretton, as given in Ormerod's Cheshire; and the two families intermarried early in the seventeenth century. The Elcockes and Massys were also related to one another and to the Starkeys. I fail, however, to identify Mrs. Frances Williams, afterwards Maddocke, with any one given in the above-mentioned pedigrees, and should be very grateful to any one who could assist me to do so. JOHN HAMERTON CRUMP. Junior Carlton Club, S. W. JOHANNES AND CHRISTOPHORUS BISMARCK, A.D. 1614.-What connexion, if any, exists between the present illustrious possessor of this name and the two Bismarcks whose names are given above? One of them, Johannes Bismarck, "Ecclesiaste Minoris Amenslebii in Archepiscopatu Magdeb.," is the author of a work entitled Vita et Res Gestæ Præcipuorum Theologorum Quorum ministerio Deus, postremâ hac Mundi senescentis ætate, Doctrinam Ecclesiæ, corruptelis et erroribus Pontificiis obliteratam, et penè oppressam, repurgavit et restituit......Liber Primus, Continens vitam et res gestas Theol. Viteberg." The second Bismarck, "Christopher," is the printer of the work, published "Hale Saxonum. Typis excripsit Christophorus Bismarcus, anno 1614." The work itself, a quarto volume, is bound in its original wooden boards with handsome vellum impressed cover. W. FRAZER, F.R.C.S.I. A SPANISH "GULLIVER."-The following extract describes a curiosity of literature : 66 I found, on one occasion, in the library of the Cura de Zipaquirá, a Spanish edition of Gulliver's Travels. An Aviso al Lector' is prefixed, in which the Catholic reader is reminded that the work was written by a heretic dean, which, the editor gravely observes, accounts for the many glaring and wilful deviations from truth to be found in these travels. He also apologizes for having substituted another name for that given by Swift to the flying island; that in the original English being, as he justly observes, highly indelicate, and unfit for Spanish readers. Qu. Did Swift know the meaning of Lapúta ?"-Campaigns and Cruises in Venezuela and New Grenada, London, 1831, vol. i. p. 466. Can this be identified? WILLIAM E. A. AXON. Fern Bank, Higher Broughton, Manchester. A TALE: "THE FOURTH WAITS."-In what magazine did a tale with the above title appear three or four years ago? I thought it was in the Atlantic Monthly, but a search through the back numbers has failed to find it. The story turns on the fatal results to a party of artists consequent upon a black spaniel (a sort of dog fiend) taking up his abode with them. W. H. P. POPE ALEXANDER VII.-In John Inglesant, by J. H. Shorthouse, ii. 213, it is stated that the conclave which in 1655 elected Fabio Chigi as Alexander VII. assembled in the Vatican. Is this statement correct, and, if so, when did the conclaves cease to meet there? A room was always shown in the Quirinal Palace where the popes previous to Leo XIII. were elected. W. M. M. THE REV. EDWARD NICOLS, VICAR OF NORTHBORNE, KENT.-In the oldest register of the above parish, nearly at the end, is the following entry: "Inscription on a stone at the foot of Communion Rails in the Chancel (May, 1811) nearly illegible:— 'Here lieth the Bodie of Anne the Daughter of Edward & Margaret Bap: Augt 24th, 1632. Bur: June 26th, 1634. Unto the world a pilgrim came of late : This entry was made by Mr. Pennington, then ISHAM. readers furnish me with the arms of this family, FAMILY OF STRIBLEHILL. - Will any of your resident in Oxfordshire from the sixteenth to the eighteenth century? No arms appear to be entered at the Heralds' College; but certain members bore arms, once represented on an old house at Thame, but now obliterated, and also on church and family plate. One of the co-heiresses of John Striblehill of Thame married into the Oxfordshire family of Knollys. FREDERICK GEORGE LEE. All Saints', Lambeth. THE FIRST TRANSLATION OF THE BOOK OF COMMON PRAYER INTO FRENCH.-Will any one who happens to have a copy of the above kindly tell me if it is a translation of the 1549 or of the 1552 book? I have a large-paper quarto copy of King James's book of 1604 in French, incorrectly on the above brass? In what work can any incalled "La Litvrgie Angloise," but have never met formation be obtained? HOPPETTY. with the first issue. J. R. DORE. Huddersfield. ANTIQUE GAMES.-What was the game of royal oak? It is mentioned in Locke On Education (1692), § 150: "What if an Ivory-Ball were made like that of the Royal-oak Lottery, with thirty-two Sides, or one rather of twenty-four or twenty-five Sides......." § 153. "With this Die also you might have a Play just like the Royal Oak......." Where is a description of obess to be found? In the Discourse of Prince Henry, 1641 (in Harl. Misc., 1793), p. 261, it is spoken of with billiards and cards. I may note that in Wright's Provincial Dictionary it is mentioned that the club on cards is called an oak (1857, vol. ii. p. 708) in the West of England. Is it so called anywhere else, and was not the name given rather from the resemblance to the form of the tree itself, and not from the shape of the leaf? On cutting across the bracken stems, a perfect figure of a tiny oak tree will be found much resembling a club. MARGARET HAIG. WRIGHT OF LONDON, AND HARTSWOOD, SURREY. -Gu., a fess vairé az. and erm.; crest, camel's head couped, bridled or. I should be very grateful for the motto given with this crest in, I believe, The Book of Family Crests, a work now out of print, and not in the possession of any friend to whom I can apply. D. C. REV. THOMAS WELD, M.A., TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, 1618.-He was Vicar of Terling, Essex, from 1624 to 1631. I want his birthplace and father's name; also the maiden name of his wife, names of ancestors, &c. He was probably born about 1596-1599. He married before 1625, and went to America in 1632, returning to England in 1641; he became minister at Gateshead in 1649, and died, probably in London, in 1660. Any information can be sent to me direct. C. R. WELD, B.D. Baltimore, Md. Blairhill, Stirling. MEDAL OF OLIVER CROMWELL.-Bronze, with rim, letters, and raised parts heavily gilt; same size as half-a-crown, but thicker rim, which is plain. REV. CHARLES EMILE DE VALMONT.-On Obv., head of Oliver, Roman style, crowned with his first appearance in Stockport with his wife, laurel wreath; underneath, "I. Dassier, F.," no date; he opened a school, and she is said to have inscription round, "Olivarius Cromwell." Rev., a been an intelligent and well-educated lady; large tomb, surmounted with a helmet and coat-of-afterwards he was appointed chaplain to the arms of six fields, chevrons, and animals. At the foot of the tomb, on left, two cupids with wings, one standing up pointing to inscription on tomb, viz., "Anglia Sco. et Hib. Protector"; the other reclining on a skull, with looking-glass in the hand. At the foot of the tomb, on right, long-haired figure, without wings, standing up, holding three apples in left hand and club in right; another figure reclining, with fasces in right hand and wreath in left, also without wings. Inscription underneath the tomb, “Nat. 3rd April, 1603, Mort. 3rd Sept. 1658." At what date and for what purpose was this medal struck? A. HUTCHINSON, Col. R.A. Tenby, South Wales. "A great German defined the difference between Socialism and Christianity in a very clever epigram. Socialism says, What is thine is mine'; Christianity says, 'What is mine is thine'; the difference is infinite." Who is the "great German" alluded to, and where is the epigram to be found? F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. THE BRASS OF LADY CAMOYS, TROTTON, SUSSEX.-What shields of arms were originally Stockport Borough Cemetery. He is said to A PORTRAIT QUERY.-Can any one help me to identify a half-length, life-size portrait of a young lady in the walking dress of the early part of the last century? She seems from her very piquant style to be some popular favourite. She is not pretty, in the sense of beauty, but a healthy, cheerful brunette, with magnificent brown eyes. She wears a black velvet hood tied over her cap, displaying a tiny feather and aigrette; her shoulders are covered by a winter cloak, and she carries a grey fur muff. She is giving a cheerful glance and a bow to some passing acquaintance. There is no name on the picture, which is a firstrate work of art, and attracts the notice of every visitor. It was a great favourite of the late Duke of Devonshire. SCOTUS. charge more than the statutory fee in any case,. pence per minute. Since my last note I have referred to the first edition of Burn's Registrum Ecclesia Parochialis (1829); and those who still hold the view that baptisms and burials are not affected by theBirths, &c., Registration Act may be interested in the following particulars from ch. xii. At St. M., in Kent, for allowing six extracts un-certified, occupying a quarter of an hour, two shillings and sixpence was paid; at the adjoining church, for a long search, two shillings. At some churches three shillings and sixpence was charged for marriage certificates, which to the author appears heavy. At St. Edward's, Cambridge, the parochial authorities (presumably at a distant date) sanctioned a minister's fee of fourpence for searching; at St. Benedict's, fourpence for the minister and twopence for the clerk; at St. Lawrence, Jewry, sixpence per year, which the author rightly considers objectionable; at St. Andrew's, Holborn, one shilling for the first year, and fourpence for each subsequent year. In conclusion, the author suggests a general table of fees, on a scale of sixpence per half-hour. In my note (ante, p. 69) there is an obvious slip in referring to the fee rule under sec. 35, one shilling for the first and sixpence for each additional year, as in force at the general registry. One shilling is there of course paid under sec. 36 for a "particular search" (i. e., for any definite entry), and the same at the superintendent's under sec. 37. Sec. 35 applies to other registers (where indexes are not provided under the Act), but, as I still think, only to births, deaths, and marriages. I am aware thanks to MR. CHAPMAN-that at the opening of the argument in Steele v. Williams a question arose as to the statute in force, and whether the fee might not have been a customary one, and that "the Court said the case turned on the 6 & 7 Will. IV. c. 86, sec. 35"; but this, I think, does not justify Burn's remark that the Court "decided that the fees in question were regulated" by that Act. The defendant Williams had evidently charged and been paid as under the statute, or, at all events, without any custom being suggested, and a verdict at the trial had been entered for him accordingly. As both I can make little or nothing of the verdict in parties agreed that they were at issue only on a Steele v. Williams. The great point was as to expoint of law, it was arranged it should be sub-tracts being charged as certificates, and the parties sequently argued on a rule to enter a verdict for seem to have had no clear notions about search the plaintiff in default of the defendant showing fees. The Law Journal says the defendant verbally good cause to the contrary. The jury were not stated his charges as one shilling for each search, consulted, and of course no question of fact was and two shillings and sixpence for each extract, raised. These peculiar circumstances seem quite treating it as a certificate. The Jurist adds that sufficient to account for the judges, on hearing the the verdict (for return of the whole amount paid) argument, declining to go into any question of was reduced by consent to the amount charged for custom, a matter of fact as to which no evidence certificates. Twenty-five at two shillings and sixhad been or could then be adduced. That this pence would be 31. 2s. 6d., whereas the actual sum ruling cannot be regarded as a judicial decision, (mentioned in the Exch. Report), which was calcui.e., as applying to cases other than that in ques-lated, no doubt, as suggested in my note (ante, tion, seems pretty clear, from the Jurist reporter mentioning it only parenthetically and as briefly as possible, and not referring to it in his headnote. Neither the Exchequer nor the Law Journal Reports say anything about it at all. I should think no incumbent would venture to *Nor does the Law Times (vol. xxi. p. 106), according to which the defendant argued, "It is admitted by the other side that the fee payable is a customary one and not affected by the late statute"; but Baron Martin said, "As he (defendant) acts under the Act of Parliament, he must follow that Act." p. 69), was 3l. 14s. 6d. From the above it is evident that, whatever may have been the fee for certificates-a point in which the genealogist is but little concernedthere was no regular fee for mere searches and extracts. A reasonable payment for the actual services of the parish clerk or sexton was, it seems, all that could be demanded as a general rule; and I trust till the law on the point is distinctly laid down no other charge will be submitted to. I have throughout assumed there is an actual right to inspect the registers. MR. SMITH says it is confined to parishioners, but as to this, without explanation, I am somewhat sceptical. In an anonymous case, however, in the King's Bench in 1733 (2 Barnard. 269), the Court said, "You have a right to inspect the public books of the parish, but cannot oblige the rector or curate to make you out either copies of those books or a certificate"; and they said they would refuse an information to make the rector even allow inspection in the absence of an affidavit that copies were required as evidence in a cause depending. CHAS. FREDC. HARDY. Staple Inn. Would you kindly permit me, as a lawyer, to explain to your readers the inapplicability of the case of Steele v. Williams, in vol. xvii. Jurist, to the case of fees for searching parish registers of baptism and burial. To a person not a lawyer that case may seem conclusive, but it should not do so to one who is. That case decided two points: first, that a searcher in the registers of births, deaths, and marriages may make extracts without paying as for certified copies; secondly, that the fee was in that case paid involuntarily, because the searcher was told he should not search unless he paid the fee demanded. No lawyer should, I think, regard that case as proof of anything else. It is true that one of the counsel raised a question whether the fee might not be a customary one, and the Court is reported to have said that that case depended on the Act of 6 & 7 Will. IV.; but why did it do so? Was it not because the plaintiff sued for money had and received under that Act? But for the Act being assumed to apply, the action could not have been brought as it was; and MR. CHAPMAN goes rather far in supposing that the assumptions of plaintiff and defendant are law. One can hardly suppose our legislators were so foolish as to misapply the words birth and death so far as to make birth stand for baptism and death for burial; neither does it seem very wise to introduce a section reserving customary fees in cases other than those mentioned in the Act, and then to exclude from the operation of such section those cases to which it seems best to apply. given, but unpaged, from Mr. W. Fraser Rae's Columbia and Canada, in which it is stated that— "One American journal is distinguished among its contemporaries for striving to preserve the use of idiomatic and irreproachable English. This is the New York Evening Post, over which Mr. Bryant, one of the authority for many years. He endeavoured to train his most notable among modern poets, exercised editorial contributors to write well, and his example has been as salutary as his precept. I have obtained a copy of the list of the words which he forbids his contributors to employ; as I think it more instructive than a chapter of dissertation, I reprint it in full." is not clear. direct attention; "in. Then follows a list of some one hundred and twenty. words. But there are only two instances in which it coincides with MR. SHIRLEY, and even one of these standpoint." It contains, among others, "banThe two are "employe" (sic) and quet" for dinner or supper; "call attention" for "" "endorse for approve; our midst"; "interment"; "John Bull" for Great Britain; "poetess"; "reliable" for trustworthy; quite prefixed to good, large, &c.; "take action" for act or do; "telegrams" for despatches; "transpire" for to occur; "would seem" for seems. How does he explain "thank you"? MR. SHIRLEY notices "thanks" for thank you. ED. MARSHALL. " Thanks are due to MR. E. P. SHIRLEY for beginning a list of novel phrases and expressions. I trust that he will forgive a New York Yankee for protesting against his assertion that "to wire (meaning to telegraph) is a "vulgar Americanism." Vulgar it is assuredly, but American it is not. On the contrary, it is emphatically a Britticism, heard here only from the mouths of English visitors or residents, or of such Americans as may have caught it by contagion from the English traveller. American slang and Americanisms in general are sometimes vulgar, though rarely; and they are nearly always terse, graphic, and, in the final analysis, poetic. Some, as an American poet has it, are "Phrases such as camps may teach," but more, far more, are "Sabre cuts of Saxon speech." J. BRANDER MATTHEWS. Stuyvesant Square, New York. I venture to think Baron Martin would be somewhat surprised were he told that he had It is not only the introduction of vulgarisms decided that the word birth in an Act of Parlia- into the language that is to be deprecated, but also ment meant baptism. ARTHUR M. SMITH. the quite unnecessary use of such literal translations from the French as the following: "It goes Is there any list of the parish transcripts for without saying," cela va sans dire; 66 The game each bishop's register? HYDE CLARKE. NEW-FANGLED EXPRESSIONS (6th S. v. 365, 392).-MR. E. P. SHIRLEY has a list of newly introduced words. It is a short one compared with another which appeared a few years since in the Times from an American source. An extract is is not worth the candle," le jeu ne vaut pas la chandelle. A year or two ago one could not take up a newspaper without meeting with these sayings repeated usque ad nauseam. I wonder what precise sense an ordinary Englishman, unacquainted with French idioms and expressions, attached to them. Thanks is certainly not "new-fangled," but it had gone almost entirely out of use in everyday conversation, being seldom heard but on the stage. When reintroduced some years ago it sounded to old-fashioned ears very affected, especially when pronounced, as it usually is, in such a listless tone as to imply anything but thankfulness. I cannot subscribe to the dictum that "thank you" is more incorrect than "thanks." Both are simply parts of sentences in which certain words are omitted for the sake of brevity. E. M. new. Over, signifying "more than," is certainly not I have not noted this use of the word in my reading, because I had no idea that its antiquity or correctness would be called in question. It is of frequent occurrence in seventeenth century literature, and I doubt not might be traced much further back. Hard lines, meaning "something disagreeable," is a common expression in this neighbourhood, and I am pretty sure is not modern slang. I well remember in the year 1847 or 1848 that I had occasion to explain a certain shocking instance of torture to a peasant lad, and to make my meaning clear showed him a representation of the event. His eyes filled with tears, and he exclaimed, "Poor fellow! it was hard lines for him." MR. SHIRLEY makes a mistake in saying that the use of "over one hundred," &c., is a phrase of modern growth. In North Lincolnshire it is a common expression. A man said to me not long "Chafer's bull got i' my gardin agen last neet an' eat ower a stone o' taties fra' th' pie; its ower much for ony man to stan'." Here the double meaning of the word is shown. Many phrases and words are said to be modern or American when ago, they have only been preserved in the folk-speech. It is quite a common thing to hear that "he sold Power a hundred sheep at Ketton Fair". -"Ketton " being Kirton - in - Lindsey. "The drain is over fifty chain long” I have also heard. F. M. W. P. MR. E. P. SHIRLEY is in error in believing that hard lines is a modern expression. I have found it in a letter written by Albert Nesbitt, a member of my family, about 1745. Is it originally nautical? In another letter, written by the same person, I find the saying, "One cannot be in two places at once, unless one is a bird," attributed to "a noble lord," not to Sir Boyle Roche, who usually is credited with it, and who, I think, sat in the last Irish Parliament. ALEX. NESBITT. The expression "To read between the lines" would seem, without doubt, to refer to the custom, common in the days of civil wars and intercepted correspondence, of writing in ordinary ink an ordinary letter of compliment or common-place gossip or commercial business, and then writing between the lines, in lemon juice or with some other invisible liquid, the real secret substance of the communication, which was only brought to light by exposure to heat or by some chemical application. W. D. MACRAY. S. vi. 47). With respect to two of these expres"CADUA": "WOOTS": "DIANA'S GROVE" (6th sions I venture to hazard a conjecture. (1) Woots may be, perhaps, a contracted form of a slang phrase mentioned in Grose's Dict. of the Vulgar Tongue," a gentleman of three outs," i. e.," without money, without wit, without manners; some add another, i. e., without credit." This last instance of "without credit" would exactly suit the passage in the play, "the woots his customers," and it is easy to see how three outs, or withouts, might be shortened into the woots. Grose also gives as another slang term "a gentleman of three ins, in debt, in gaol, in danger of remaining there for life; or, in gaol, indicted, and in danger of being hanged in chains." (2) Diana's grove.-May not this be an allusion to Shakespeare's expression in The Taming of the Shrew? In Act II. Petruchio says: "Did ever Dian so become a grove as Kate this chamber?"—a statue of Diana being very commonly placed in a grove. There would also seem to be an allusion to some poet, for Loveby in the next speech says, "Tis wondrous fine, as the poet goes on sweetly"; and if Dryden had this passage of Shakespeare in his thoughts it would be apposite garden, and to be married in the adjacent chamber. enough, as Isabella was to meet her lover in the Whether there was any reference to the classical “Lucus et ara Dianæ " (Hor., Ars Poet., 1. 16), as Dryden was fond of such allusions, must be only guesswork. on any suggestion, except that possibly a search As to the word Cadua, I hesitate to venture might show it to be either a character in a play or the name of a "witch" or of a "familiar" in some interlude, as Loveby, in the last scene but one, says to Constance, "Twas you then that supplied me all this while with money, pretty familiar "; and if Dryden invented the name he may have had the idea of "bona caduca," escheats or a windfall, in his mind; but this seems too farfetched. E. A. D. QUIVES" (6th S. v. 449; vi. 74).-Quive is a form of quoif and this is a variant of coif or coiffe. Quoife, coif, bonnet, calotte" (Roquefort). Cotgrave has "Coiffe, a coife, a cawle or cap for the head." Prof. Skeat, in explaining this word, remarks that it is, "as Diez points out, a mere variant of M.H.G. kopf; O.H.G. chuppá, chupphá, a cup." The form in Graff's Dict. is kuofa, though the aspirated form chuofa is also given, and he adds that the original form was probably kafa. If Diez meant only to say that the Germ. kopf is a related word, the remark is correct; but if he referred to t |