much pointed. (Don's Mill., i. p. 9.) Flowers white. April to September. 1776. Height 15 ft. Variety. C. f. fòre pleno, the double-flowered florid Clematis (Don's Mill., i. p. 9.), is comparatively common in British gardens. It is very handsome, but is not thought so ornamental as the single-flowered variety. Description. The stem is slender and striated; climbing to the height of 15 feet or upwards where it is trained to a wall with a favourable exposure. It never, however, becomes very woody. The flowers are large, and very handsome either in a single or double state. This species deserves to be recommended for the great size of its greenish-white flowers, especially when they are not double, and the neatness of its foliage. In addition to this, the slenderness of its stems and branches gives such an air of elegance to it, that no lover of plants for their beauty of appearance should be without it, who has a situation in which it will thrive. Geography. Found in Japan, and introduced into England, about 1776, by Dr. Fothergill. North of London it requires a warm situation; and in Scotland, as well as in France and Germany, it is generally kept in the green-house. The best situation for this species is against either a north or south wall; and, where plants can be trained against both, the flowering season will, of course, be continued much longer than if they were planted against one only. In the sunny site, a loamy soil will be best; but, in the northern, heath mould, that is not in a condensed condition, will be most congenial. A mode of pruning plants of this species, by cutting them down to the ground annually, though not generally practised, is said to produce vigorous shoots and fine flowers. This species, in England, seldom ripens seeds, and is therefore generally propagated by layers. Plants, in London, cost 1s. 6d. each; at Bollwyller, ?; and at New York, ?. 14. C. VITICE'LLA L. The Vine-bower Clematis. Identification. Lin. Sp., 762.; Dumont, 4. 422.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 9.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 9. Synonymes. Viticélla deltoidea Moench; the red-flowered Lady's Bower, Gerard; Italienische Waldrebe, Ger. Engravings. Flor. Græc., t. 516.; Curt. Bot. Mag., t. 565.; E. of Pl, 7971.; and our fig. 19. Spec. Char. Peduncles 1-flowered, longer than the leaves. Leaves ternately decompound, lobes or leaflets entire. Sepals obovate, spreading. (Don's Mill., i. p. 9.) Flowers blue or purple. June to September. 1569. Height 15 ft. Varieties and their Synonymes. & C. V. 1 cærulea. The blue-flowered Vine-bower Clematis. C. V. 2 purpurea. The purple-flowered Vine-bower Clematis. C. V. 3 múltiplex G. Don. The double-flowered Vine-bower Clematis.Flowers double, blue. C. pulchella Pers. This variety produces more robust, more extended, and fewer shoots than the single-flowered blue or purple varieties; and there is a degree of dissimilarity about it, which might lead distinguishers on minute differences to regard it as of a species distinct from C. Viticélla: it is probable that this dissimilarity was the ground of Persoon's naming it C. pulchella. & C. V. 4 tenuifolia Dec. The slender-leafleted Vine-bower Clematis. Leaflets oblong-lanceolate. C. tenuifolia lusitánica Tourn. & C.V. 5 baccata Dec. The berried-fruited Vine-bower Clematis. Description. The stem rises to the height of 10 ft. or 15 ft.; the leaves branch out into many divisions, and the flowers are supported on long 19 slender peduncles, which render them more obvious; and, as in the case of all the large-flowered species of Clématis, are most favourably seen when they are somewhat above the eye. The double-flowered variety is produced by the change of stamens into petals. The single flowers have no petals, but only sepals. C. Viticélla, and all its varieties, are tolerably robust and vigorous in their growth, and decidedly ligneous; though plants individually do not endure many years, probably owing to their exhausting the soil in which they grow. Perhaps no mode of disposing plants of this species, for enjoying the effect of their flowers, is preferable to that of planting them so that their branches may be trained over a frame or fence of trellis-work, with both sides free; in which case the clematis will grow and spread so rapidly as to render the fence or hedge in a short time quite a wall of green. Geography, History, &c. Found in the south of Europe, in hedges and among bushes, particularly in Spain, Portugal, Carniola, &c. It was cultivated in Eng land in 1569, by Mr. Hugh Morgan, being one of the earliest introduced plants on record. This species is perhaps the most beautiful and most estimable of all the kinds of clematis, for the purposes of floral decoration. For the mere covering of bowers and other objects, it is less suited than C. Vitálba, virginiana, or perhaps even Flámmula, as they grow faster, extend farther, and each yields a greater aggregate of herbage, and so covers better: but none of them can vie with C. Viticélla and its varieties in beauty; more especially with the single purple and the single blue. The size of the flowers; their being projected on peduncles just long enough to make them obvious beyond the foliage; their being numerous; their conspicuous colour, and their transparency, render their effect extremely beautiful, especially when seen in masses with the sun shining behind them. C. Viticélla is more generally cultivated than any of the other species, and may be purchased in all the principal nurseries of Europe. The price, in London, is 258. a hundred for all the varieties, except the double purple, which is 75s. a hundred; at Bollwyller the species is 80 cents, and the double-flowered variety 2 francs 50 cents; and in New York, ?. 15. C. CAMPANIFLO`RA Brot. The bell-flowered Identification. Brot. Flor. Lus., 3. p. 352.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 9.; Spec. Char. Peduncles 1-flowered, somewhat longer Description. The habit of growth of this plant is entirely that of C. Viticélla, to which it also comes nearest in affinity; but the much smaller flowers, 20 and pointed sepals connivent below, will readily distinguish it. (Sw. Br. Fl.Gard., 2d series, t. 217.) De Candolle states that this is an intermediate species between C. Viticélla and C. crispa. Geography, &c. Found in Portugal in hedges, more especially on the road from Coimbra to Oporto. It appears to have been cultivated in England since 1810. It is a free grower and flowerer, though not so ornamental as C. Viticélla. It is in the Horticultural Society's Garden, and in the arboretum of Messrs. Loddiges. Price, in London, 1s. 6d. ; at Bollwyller, 1 franc 50 cents; at New York, ?. 16. C. CRI'SPA L. The curled-sepaled Clematis. Identification. Lin. Sp., 765.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 9.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 9.; Thunb. Fl. Jap., 239. Engravings. Dil. Elth., 1. t. 73. fig. 84.; Bot. Mag., 1982, ; E. of Pl., 7975. ; and our fig. 21. Description. The flowers of this species are pretty, but perhaps never produced in sufficient quantity to render it highly decorative; though it is very interesting, both in its foliage and in its flowers. The flower is of a pale purple colour; the sepals having their bases approximated so as to form a tube, and their tips spread or reflexed; these are also wavedly crisped with transverse wrinkles. The stems are weak, and do not generally rise higher than 3 ft. or 4 ft. Geography. Found in Virginia and Carolina, in hedges and among bushes on the banks of rivers. It is also said to be a native of Florida and of Japan. It was cultivated by Miller in 1726, and in the Eltham Garden about the same time. The plants frequently die down to the ground, so that they require to be treated more as herbaceous than ligneous. The species is in most botanic gardens, and in some nurseries. Price, in London, ? 3s. 6d.; at Bollwyller, ?; and in New York, 25 cents. Derivation. From cheir, the hand, and opsis, resemblance; in allusion to the form of the bracteas. Sect. Char. Involucre in the form of a calyx, from two joined bracteas situated at the top of the peduncle just under the flower. Tails of pericarps bearded.-Climbing or rambling shrubs, with simple or ternate leaves. (Don's Mill., i. p. 9.) The old petioles persistent, and the new leaves and the peduncles produced in clusters from the axils of these. (Dec. Syst., i. 162.) Evergreen. 17. C. CIRRHO'SA L. The tendriled-petioled Clematis. Identification. Lin. Sp., 766.; Willd. Sp., 2. 1827.; Lamarck Dict. Ency., 2. 43.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 9. ; Don's Mill., 1. p. 9. Synonymes. Atragene cirrhosa Pers. Syn., 2. p. 98.; Traveller's Joy of Candia, and Spanish Tra veller's Joy, Johnson's Gerard; Spanish wild Climber Parkinson; the evergreen clematis; Clematite à Vrilles, Clematite toujours verte (Bon Jard.), Fr.; einfachblättrige (simple-leaved) Waldrebe, Ger. Derivations. The word cirrhosa, which means cirrhose, or tendriled, is applied to this species from the peculiarly grasping and tendril-like action of its petioles, which retain their hold even after the leaflets have fallen. The French word Vrilles signifies tendrils; and the German word einfach alludes to its comparatively simple leaves. Engravings. C. cirrhosa L., Smith's Flor.-Gr., 517.; C. c. 2 pedicellàta Dec., Bot. Mag., t. 1070.; and our fig. 22. Spec. Char. Peduncles 1-flowered, with an involucre. Leaves ovate, somewhat cordate, toothed, in fascicles. (Don's Mill., i. p. 9.) Evergreen. Flowers whitish. March, April. 1596. Height 10 ft. Variety and its Synonymes. LC. c. 2 pedicellata Dec. Pediceled-flowered tendriled Clematis. - The chief feature distinctive of this variety from C. cirrhòsa is, that the 22 pedicel between the involucre and the flower is of some length, and causes the flower to seem pedicellated beyond the point of the place of the involucre. C. balearica Pers.; C. pedicellàta Swt. Hort. Brit., p. 2., Don's Mill., 1. p. 9.; C. cirrhòsa Sims, Bot. Mag., t. 1070. Description. An elegant evergreen climbing shrub, rising to the height of 8 ft. or 10 ft., and branching freely, so as to become, in two or three years, a very thick bushy plant. The leaves vary from simple to ternate; and, from being entire to being deeply cut. The flowers appear at the end of December, or the beginning of January, and continue till the middle or end of April. They are pendulous and bell-shaped, the mouth being of the breadth of a shilling, or more. Their colour is greenish white, with some purple on the inside. The sepals are downy without, and smooth within. The principal beauties of this species consist in its bright evergreen verdure, and earliness of its flowering in spring; and they may be best obtained by training it against a wall with a southern aspect. Geography, History, &c. Found in the south of Europe and north of Africa, in hedges and among bushes, particularly in Spain, Majorca, Sicily, Calabria, Algiers, and the islands of the Archipelago. In its native country it is said to climb up and overwhelm the trees; but in England it is a weak plant, not very readily kept. In Loddiges's Nursery it is cultivated in pots and kept in a green-house, or in a cold frame. Miller observes that it stood in the Chelsea Botanic Garden, in the open air, in a dry sheltered situation; and that it flowers better when so treated, than if kept in a house. It is liable to perish, however, in exposed situations. It was first discovered by Clusius in 1565, and is said to have been cultivated by Gerard in 1596; though, as he says that he found it wild in the Isle of Wight and near Waltham Abbey, it was probably some less tender species which he designates by this name. It is not often met with, except in botanic gardens. In Scotland, and in France and Germany, it is kept in the green-house. In London, it costs ls. 6d.; at Bollwyller, ?; and at New York, 25 cents a plant. A. 18. C. BALEA RICA Rich. The Minorca Clematis. Identification, Rich. in Jour. Phys., Feb. 1779, 127.; Lamarck's Dict. Ency., 2. p.43.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 9.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 9. Synonymes. C. calycina Ait. Hort. Kew., ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 98.; Clematite de Mahon, Fr. Spec. Char. Peduncles 1-flowered, with an involucre under the flower. Leaves ternate; leaflets stalked, 3-lobed, deeply toothed. (Don's Mill., i. p. 9.) Evergreen. Flowers whitish. Feb. and March. 1783. Height 10 ft. Description. Evergreen, and decidedly ligneous; perhaps rather tender. It attains the height of 10 ft. at least; and is pleasing in appearance, both as regards its leaves and flowers. The leaves have their segments narrow, and toothed and lobed, so that they possess fulness of character. The calyxes are larger than those of C. cirrhòsa; the sepals are whitish, and marked in the inside with a few blotches, not regularly disposed; and, although the flowers are not very showy, they are produced at a season which renders them very grateful. This species, in the green-house, will yield flowers throughout the winter. Geography, History, &c. Found in Minorca, and first described by L'Héritier. The plant was brought to England by M. Thouin in 1783; and, after being cultivated in the garden at Kew, it found its way into most of the other botanic gardens, and into some nurseries. It is easily propagated by layers or cuttings; and, when finally planted out, it is the better for having the protection of a wall. North of York, it may be considered a frame or green-house plant, which it is in France and Germany. It is hardy about London, and in the botanic garden of Cambridge. § iv. Anemoniflòra. Derivation. From the flowers being like those of the Anemone sylvestris L. Sect. Char. Peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, aggregate, not bearing an involucre. Carpel with a feathery tail. Leaves deciduous. Identification. C. montana Ham. MSS.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 9.; Wall. Pl. As. Rar., 3. p. 12.; Royle, Illustr. Bot. Himalaya, p. 51. Synonymes. C. anemonifiora D. Don; Prod. Fl. Nepal., p. 192.; G. Don's Mill., 1. p. 9. Engraving. Wall. Pl. Asiat. Rar., 3. p. 12. t. 217.; Swt. Br. Fl.-Gard., 2. s. t. 253.; and our figs. 23. and 24. Fig. 23. is from the plant in the Hort. Soc. Garden, and fig. 24. from a specimen of that at Montreal, Kent. Spec. Char. Peduncles 1-flowered, not bracteated, several together. Leaves ternately parted, the segments ovate-oblong, acuminate, toothed, the teeth in the mode of incisions. Sepals elliptic-oblong, mucronulate, spreading. Himalayan Mountains (D. Don, in Sw. Br. Fl. Gard., 2d series, t. 253.) Flowers white. May, in Description. A highly ornamental species. The plant is large and branching; the bark thick, ashcoloured, and deciduous. Leaves several together, upon footstalks 1 in. long; their segments, or leafy parts, pale green. Flowers numerous, about the size and form of those of Anemone sylvéstris L., borne several together, each upon a separate, upright, slender peduncle, about 3 in. long. Sepals 4, 1 in. long, pure white, faintly stained with pink outside at the base. Styles clothed with long white silky hairs; from which it may be inferred that this species will have its fruits terminated with feathery tails, in a state of maturity. Geography, History, &c. Its native localities are given by Mr. Royle, in his Illustrations of the Natural History of the Himalayan Mountains, as "Mussooree, and every where in the Himalayan Mountains, between 5000 ft. and 7000 ft. of elevation" 33 23 above the level of the sea, where it flowers in April. In the climate of England, Mr. D. Don has stated that it " proves to be quite hardy, and seems to flourish as well as on its native mountains." He received flowering specimens of it in May, 1834, from Montreal, Kent, the seat of Earl Amherst. Dr. Buchanan, whose name was afterwards changed to Hamilton, originally collected specimens of this species at Chitlong, in the valley of Nepal; and from specimens derived from him, in Mr. Lambert's herbarium, it was first described by De Candolle in his Systema, vol. i., published in 1818. Plants were soon afterwards raised from seeds in the garden of the |