in Spain and Portugal, and introduced into England in 1656. It is erect, and not much branched; quite hardy, or requiring only very slight protection in very severe frost. Dumont thinks it probable that it is only a variety of C. Lèdon. 27. C. OBLONGIFO`LIUS Swt. The oblong-leaved Cistus, or Rock Rose. Identification. Swt. Cist., t. 87.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 300. Engraving. Swt. Cist., t. 67. Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Branches hispid, villous. Leaves on short footstalks, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, pubescent, and waved at the margins; under surface veiny. Peduncles cymose. Petals concave, imbricated. (Don's Mill., i. p. 300.) A native of Spain, attaining the height of 4 ft., and producing its white flowers in June and July. When it was introduced into England is uncertain; but Sweet found plants which appeared to him to be of this species in Colvill's Nursery in 1826. It forms a strong handsome evergreen shrub, which is quite hardy, and of the easiest culture. 28. C. ASPERIFO`LIUS Swt. The rough-leaved Cistus, or Rock Rose. Identification. Swt. Cist., t. 87. Don's Mill., 1. p. 300. Engraving. Swt. Cist., t. 87. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves almost sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, wrinkled, smoothish, with wavy margins, somewhat denticulated, ciliated, netted with veins beneath, with the nerves and veins rough. Flowers cymose. Peduncles and calyxes hairy. Petals imbricate. (Don's Mill., i. p. 300.) A shrub growing to the height of 2 ft., and producing its large white flowers from May to August. Its native country is uncertain; and Sweet says it may probably be a garden production, and, if so, intermediate between C. láxus and C. oblongifolius. It forms a handsome, strong, upright, evergreen shrub, and is quite hardy, producing its flowers all the summer, and till late in autumn, in the open border. There were plants of it in Colvill's Nursery in 1826. 29. C. PSILOSE PALUS Swt. The glabrous-sepaled Cistus, or Rock Rose. Identification. Swt. Cist., t. 33.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 300. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves on short footstalks, oblong-lanceolate, 3-nerved, acute, with undulated margins, which are somewhat denticulated and ciliated, rather hairy. Flowers somewhat cymose. Peduncles hairy, tomentose. Sepals with long points, glabrous, shining, and with ciliated edges. Petals broad, cuneated, imbricated. (Don's Mill., i. p. 300.) A shrub growing from 2 ft. to 3 ft. high, with white flowers in July and August. Apparently a garden production. Plants of it were in the Hammersmith Nursery in 1826. It approaches near to C. longifolius, but is very different, according to Sweet, from that species. The plants are bushy, and the shoots are terminated by large cymes of white flowers, which open in succession, and produce a contrast with the dark green leaves with which the plants are clothed. b. Peduncles with small, concave, coriaceous, yellowish, decussate, caducous Bracteoles at the Base; and with two larger opposite ones beneath the Middle. 30. C. LONGIFO`LIUS Lam. The long-leaved Cistus, or Rock Rose Identification. Lam. Dict., 2. p. 16.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 300. Synonymes. Cistus nigricans Pourr. Act. Toul., 3. p. 311.; C. populifolius var. longifolius Dumont. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves on short peduncles, oblong-lanceolate, with waved and pubescent margins; under surface veiny, Peduncles cymose. (Don's Mill., i. p. 300.) A shrub growing to the height of 4 ft., and producing its white flowers in July and August. It does not appear to have been introduced into England. Dumont de Courset, in his Botaniste Cultivateur, says that this species is only a variety of C. populifolius; seeds of the latter having, with him, produced the former. 31. C. POPULIFO`LIUS L. The Poplar-leaved Cistus, or Rock Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp., 736.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 300. Synonymes. Ciste à Feuilles de Peuplier, Fr.; Pappel-blättrige Cisten Rose, Ger. Variety a C. p. 2 minor Dec. Prod., 1. p. 266.-Peduncles and calyx smoothish, shining, clammy. Ledon latifolium, ii., Clus. Hist., i. p. 78.; Cistus populitòlius Cav. Icon., 3. 215., Swt. Cist., 23. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves stalked, cordate, acuminate, wrinkled, smooth. Flowers cymose. Peduncles brateate. Bracteas oblong. Sepals acuminate, clammy. (Don's Mill., i. p. 300.) A shrub of vigorous growth, attaining the height of from 3 ft. to 5 ft. in British gardens, into which it was introduced in 1656. It has large dark green cordate leaves, with undulate margins, and white flowers, with distinct petals, which it produces from May to July. It is one of the most robust of the species, and is found wild both in the south of France and in Spain and Portugal. It is of the easiest culture, but requires a little protection in very severe winters. Plants were in the Hammersmith Nursery in 1826. 32. C. LATIFO'LIUS Swt. The broad-leaved Cistus, or Rock Rose. Identification. Swt. Cist., 15.; Don's Mill., i. p. 300. Synonymes. Cistus populifolius var. a major Dec. Prod., 1. p. 266. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves stalked, broadly cordate, acute; with curled, waved, denticulated, ciliated margins. Peduncles bracteate, somewhat cymose, pilose. Sepals broad, cordate, villous. Petals imbricated. (Don's Mill., i. p. 300.) A shrub from Barbary, with white flowers from May to July, growing to the height of 3 ft. or 4 ft., cultivated in British gardens since 1656. It has broadly cordate leaves, with reflexed points, and imbricate, obcordate petals. It is a most ornamental plant, robust in its growth, but rather tender. Plants of it were in the Hammersmith Nursery in 1826. We have no doubt that this and the two preceding sorts are nothing more than varieties of the same race. B. Peduncles bracteate with caducous decussate Bracteas, lower ones smaller; 1-flowered, axillary and solitary, or terminal and umbellate. Calyx of 3 Sepals. Capsules 5-10-celled a. Stigma large, sessile. 33. C. LAURIFO`LIUS Lin. The Laurel-leaved Cistus, or Rock Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp., 736.; Swt. Cist., t. 52.; Clus. Hist., 1. p. 78. f. 1.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 300. Synonymes. Ciste à Feuilles de Laurier, Fr.; Lorbeer-blättrige Cisten Rose, Ger. Engravings. Swt. Cist., t. 52.; Clus. Hist, 1. p. 78. f. 1. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves stalked, ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, upper surface glabrous, under surface tomentose. Footstalks dilated, and connate at the base. Capsules 5-celled. (Don's Mill., i. p. 300.) A shrub growing in British gardens to the height of 4 ft. or 5 ft., and producing large white flowers in July or August. It is a native of the south of France and Spain, and was introduced into England in 1771. It is a robust bush, with large green laurel-like leaves: it produces an abundance of flowers, which, with their light red bracteas, are very ornamental before they expand, resembling, at a distance, the bursting buds of roses. It requires no protection, and may be raised from seeds, which it ripens in abundance, and also by cuttings, which, however, do not strike so freely as in some of the other species. 34. C. CY'PRIUS Lam. The Gum Cistus, or Cyprus Rock Rose. Identification. Lam. Dict., 2. p. 16.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 300. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves stalked, oblong-lanceolate, upper surface glabrous, with flowers every year. In the London nurseries, where this species is generally called C. ladaniferus, or by its English name of gum cistus, plants are from 1s. to 1s. 6d. each. 35. C. LADANÍFERUS L. The Ladanum-bearing Gum Cistus, or Rock Rose. Identification. Lin. Sp., 737.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 300. Synonymes. Ciste ladanifère, Fr.; Ladanum Ĉisten Rose, Ger. Varieties. C. l. 1. albiflorus Dec. Prod., i. p. 266., Swt. Cist., t. 94.; Lèdon, i., Clus. Hist., i. p. 78. ic.; and C. 1. 2 maculatus Dec. Prod., 1. c., Swt. Cist., C. 1. 3 plenifolius Ait. Hort. Kew., iii. p. 305. are varieties of this species. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves almost sessile, connate at the base, linear-lanceolate, 3-nerved, upper surface glabrous, under surface tomentose. Capsule 10celled. Petals imbricate. (Don's Mill., i. p. 301.) A shrub 4 ft. high, a native of Spain and Portugal, upon hills; introduced into England in 1629, and producing large white flowers in June and July. The leaves are lanceolate, and nearly sessile, of a deep green; the flowers terminating the branches, solitary, white, and large; each flower being from 1 in. to 2 in. broad. The plant requires a little protection during winter, and was to be had in Colvill's Nursery in 1826. This species, as well as C. Lèdon and C. créticus, and doubtless various others, produces the resinous exudation known as gum ladanum, the mode of gathering which is described in p. 320. b. Stigma capitate, small. Style cylindrical, equalling the Stamens in Length. 36 C. CLU SII Dunal. Clusius's Cistus, or Rock Rose. Identification. Dunal. ined., Dec. Prod., 1. p. 266.; Swt. Cist., 32.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 301. Synonymes. Cistus Libanotis 3 Lam. Dict., 2. p. 18., Desf. Aul., 1. p. 412.; C. undulatus Link; Lèdon, vii., Clus. Hist., 1. p. 80. ic. Engraving. Swt. Cist., t. 32. Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Leaves somewhat 3-nerved, linear, with revolute margins, under surface canescent. Flowers somewhat capitate. Calyx 3-5-sepaled, pilose. Sepals ovate, acute. Capsules 5-celled. (Don's Mill., i. p. 301.) A shrub 2 ft. high, from Spain and Barbary, in 1810. The leaves and flowers are smaller than those of any of the other sorts here described. The plant forms a handsome and compact bush, and stands the winter well in a dry situation. It approaches the nearest to C. monspeliénsis. Plants were in the Fulham Nursery in 1826. GENUS II. HELIANTHEMUM. THE HELIANTHEMUM, or SUN ROSE. Lin. Syst. Polyándria Monogynia. Identification. Tourn. Inst., 248. t. 128.; Gært. Fr., 1. p. 371. t. 76. ; Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 815.; Prod., 1. p. 265.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 301. Synonymes. Cisti species of Lin.; Heliantheme Sonnen Gurtel, Ger. Derivation. From helios, the sun, and anthemon, a flower; because the flowers open with the rising of the sun in the morning, and the petals fall off with the setting of the sun in the evening. The flowers of Helianthemum, as well as of Cistus, only last for a few hours when the sun shines; and if the weather is dull, and the sun does not make its appearance, the flowers do not open, but remain unexpanded. Should this continue for several days together, they will decay in the bud. Gen. Char. Calyx of 3-5 sepals; when 3, these are equal, and disposed in a single series; but, when 5, they are unequal, and disposed in a double one; the two outer sepals are usually smaller than the inner ones, very rarely larger. Petals 5, usually regularly denticulated at the top. Stigma capitate. Style sometimes almost wanting, sometimes straight, sometimes oblique, and sometimes bent at the base. Ovary triquetrous. Capsule 3-valved; valves with a narrow dissepiment, or a seminiferous nerve in the middle of each. Seeds angular, smooth. Albumen mealy. Embryo uncinately inflexed-Erect or trailing herbs, subshrubs, or shrubs. Leaves opposite and alternate, with or without stipules, 3-nerved or feather-nerved. Pedicels usually furnished with bracteas at the base sometimes opposite the bracteas, or opposite the leaves, sometimes solitary, sometimes umbellate, and sometimes racemose; and, before the flowers expand, the racemes at the top are bent or twisted backwards, and become gradually erect as the flowers expand. (Dec. Prod. and G. Don.) Flowers yellow, red, or white. All the species are ornamental; those which form erect bushy undershrubs are suitable for warm dry borders; and those which are trailers of the lowest size, for growing on rockwork, for ornamenting old walls or ruins, or for growing in pots. This genus has been arranged by De Candolle in three divisions, which have been subdivided into sections. The divisions are as follows: I. Style straight, erect, almost wanting, or shorter than the stamens. Stigma capitate. § i. ii. and iii., Halímium, Lecheöides, and Tuberària, belong to this division. II. Style straight, erect, equal with or longer than the stamens. iv. and v., Maculària and Brachypetalum, belong to this section; but, as they are entirely herbaceous, we omit them. III. Style bent at the base; to which belong § vi. vii. viii. and ix., Eriocárpum, Fumana, Pseudo-Cistus, and Euhelianthemum. i. Halimium Dec. Prod., 1. p. 267. Derivation. From halimos, marine; alluding to the habitation of the plants by the sea-side. (Don's Mill., 1. p. 301.) Sect. Char. Calyx usually of 3 equal sepals; rarely of 5 unequal sepals, but when this is the case the two outer ones are the smallest. Petals rarely white, usually yellow, wedged-shaped, truncate, and marked at the base with a dark bloody or intense yellow spot. Style straight, short or almost wanting. Stigma capitate, somewhat 3-lobed. Seeds few, blackish, minutely muricated, and somewhat angular. Erect shrubs. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved, without stipules, pilose, or tomentose. Peduncles 1-3-flowered, axillary, solitary, or umbellate, or rarely panicled. (Dec. and G. Don.) A. Style short, straight. 1. H. LIBANO`TIS Willd. The Rosemary-leaved Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Willd. Enum., 570.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 301. Synonymes. Cistus Libandtis Lin. Sp., 739., Brot. Fl. Lus., 2. p. 261., but not of Lam. or Desf.; H. rosmarinifolium Lag. in Litt., but not of Pursh; Barrel. Icon., 294.; Lèdon, viii., Clus. Hist., i. p. 80. ic.; Ciste à Feuilles de Rosmarin, Fr. Spec. Char., &c. Erect, smoothish, branched. Leaves sessile, linear, with revolute margins; upper surface brownish green, under surface somewhat canescent. Bracteas oblong-linear, shorter than the peduncles. Peduncles solitary, l-flowered. Calyx of 3 sepals, smooth, shining, ovate-acuminate. (Don's Mill., i. p. 301.) A shrub growing to the height of 1 ft., a native of Portugal and Mauritania, and introduced into England in 1752. It produces yellowish-white flowers in June and July, and is of the easiest culture. ¤ 2. H. UMBELLA'TUM Mill. The umbellate-flowered Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Mill. Dict., No. 5.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 302. Synonymes. Cistus umbellatus Lin. Sp., 739.; Cistus Libandtis of some. Spec. Char., &c. Suffruticose, branched, younger branches tomentosely pilose, clammy. Leaves sessile, linear-oblong, with revolute margins, clammy; under surface tomentose. Peduncles 1-flowered, disposed in whorled racemes, terminal, umbellate. Calyx 3-sepaled, villous. (Don's Mill., i. p. 302.) An undershrub 1 ft. high, with white flowers from June to August. Introduced into England in 1731. This is a very handsome and very distinct sort, well adapted for ornamenting rockwork, or for growing in pots. Sweet says it is generally sold in the nurseries under the name of Cistus Libanotis. Plants were in the Hammersmith Nursery in 1825. Varieties. n H. u. 2 eréctum Dec. (Swt. Cist., 5.), Cistus umbellàtus Lam., Cístus verticillatus Brot., has the stem erect, and the leaves on the under surface clothed with greenish tomentum. n H. u. 3 subdecumbens Dec., C'ístus umbellàtus var. a Lam., has the stem somewhat decumbent. Leaves somewhat ciliated, and clothed with white tomentum on the under surface. ₪ 3. H. OCYMOIDES Pers. The Basil-like Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Pers. Syn., 2. p. 76.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 302. Synonymes. Cistus ocymoides Lam. Dict., 2. p. 18.; Cistus sampsucifolius Cav. Icon., 1. p. 65. t. 96. Engraving. Clus. Hist., 1. p. 72. ic. Varieties. Two are mentioned by De Candolle; one of them with the peduncles glabrous, and the other with the branches and peduncles rather hairy. Spec. Char., &c. Erect, branched. Branches hoary. Cauline leaves obovate, or ovate-oblong, 3-nerved, almost sessile, green; those of the branches are stalked, and keeled on the back, reflexed at the top, hoary on both surfaces. Peduncles long, branched, paniculate. Pedicels opposite, somewhat umbellate. Calyx of 3 much-pointed sepals. (Don's Mill., i. p. 302.) A shrub growing to the height of 3 ft., a native of Spain and Portugal; but when introduced into England is uncertain. According to Sweet, this species is very often confused in the collections with H. algarvénse, though it is very different. It is a very handsome undershrub, and, being rather tender, requires the protection of a wall, or a covering of mats during severe frosty weather. B. Style almost none. Stigma large. 4. H. ALYSSÖI'DES Vent. The Alyssum-like Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Vent. Choix., t. 20.; Lam. Dict., 2. p. 20.; Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 818.; Don's Mill., ip. 302. Synonymes. Cistus alyssoides & Lam. Dict., 2. p. 20., Dec. Fl. Fr., 4. p. 818., Don's Mill, 1. p. 302. Engraving. Vent. Choix., t. 20. Spec. Char., &c. Erect, much branched, diffuse, spreading. Branches hoary, tomentosely hairy at the top. Leaves sessile, tapering towards the base, oblong-ovate, bluntish, covered with short hairs; younger ones rather hoary, adult ones green. Peduncles terminal, solitary, or umbellate, 1-2-flowered, longer than the leaves. Calyx 3-sepaled, acuminated, hairy. (Don's Mill., i. p. 3023 A shrub, native of Spain and the west of France, growing to the height of 3 ft., and producing its yellow flowers from June to August. It is remarked of the flower buds, that they are of an intense purple colour at the apex. It does not appear to be in cultivation in British gardens. ■ 5. H. RUGO'SUM Dun. The wrinkled-leaved Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Dunal, ined. Dec. Prod., 1. p. 268.; Swt. Cist., t. 65.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 302. Engraving. Swt. Cist., t. 65. Spec. Char., &c. Erect. Branches rather hairy, clothed with leprous tomentum, scabrous, of a brownish grey colour. Leaves sessile, tapering into the footstalks at the base, obovate-oblong, bluntish, rather oblique, with the margins somewhat denticulated, and a little curled, tomentose on both surfaces, wrinkled, under surface hoary. Peduncles terminal, axillary, or umbellate, 1-3-flowered, hairy, shorter than the leaves. (Don's Mill., i. p. 302.) A shrub 3 ft. high, a native of Spain, introduced in 1800, and producing its fine yellow flowers from June to August. Its stem is shrubby, erect, or a little flexuose; the branches spreading, more or less hairy; the young shoots reddish; and the flowers terminal, with broadly ovate petals of a golden yellow, each with a large dark spot near the base. It is distinguished from all other sorts by the stiff bristle-like purple hairs of its calyx. It is rather tender, but it will amply repay protection, either against a wall or in a pit. Plants were in the Bristol Nursery in 1827. 6. H. MICROPHYLLUM Swt. The small-leaved Helianthemum, or Sun Rose. Identification. Swt. Cist., t. 96.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 302. Syn mymes. H. rugosum 3 microphyllum Dec. Prod., 1. p. 268.; H. alyssöldes 3 microphyllum Dec. Fl. Fr. Suppl., p. 622. |