begin to appear when the tree is only 3 ft. or 4 ft. high. In the neighbourhood of London the tree seldom comes into flower before September; and it continues flowering till its flower buds are destroyed by frost. It is rather hardier than the preceding species. Geography, History, &c. This species is found only on the banks of the Alatamaha river in Georgia; where it was discovered, in 1770, by John Bartram, who gave it the name of Franklínia, in honour of the celebrated Dr. Franklin. Its native soil is sandy wastes, where there is peat, and where there is abundance of moisture great part of the year. This tree was introduced into England, in 1774, by Mr. William Malcolm. It is considered somewhat hardier than the preceding species, and has been more generally cultivated. The soil, situation, &c., may be considered, in all respects, the same as for Gordònia Lasianthus. There are plants from 6 ft. to 8 ft. high in the Mile End Nursery, and of a larger size at Purser's Cross and at Syon; there are, also, some very fine bushes, or low trees, of it at White Knights, which flower freely every year. In the Nouveau Du Hamel it is stated to be cultivated in the “Jardin Impérial des Plantes," in those of Malmaison, and of the Trianon, and in Cels's Nursery. There is, or was a few years ago, a tree of considerable size in the garden at Trianon; and there is one in Bartram's Botanic Garden, Philadelphia (now Carr's Nursery), 50 ft. high. (See Gard. Mag., vol. viii. p. 272.) Price, in the London nurseries, 3s. 6d. à plant; at Bollwyller, 4 francs; and at New York, 40 cents, and the seeds 2 dollars a quart. Sect. II. Hardy and half-hardy ligneous Plants belonging to the Tribe Camellièæ. Common Character. Calyx of 5-9 sepals. Petals 5-7-9, alternating with the sepals when they are the same in number: sometimes they are connected at the base. Stamens numerous, usually monadelphous, but, in some, separated into many bundles at the base. Capsule 3—5-celled, 3-5-valved, valves sometimes with dissepiments in the middle, and sometimes so much bent in at the margins as to form dissepiments. Seeds large, few, fixed to the margins of the central placenta. Smooth evergreen trees or shrubs, inhabitants of the colder parts of Asia, China, Japan, &c. Flowers axillary, very showy, red, white, or striped. (Don's Mill., i. p. 574.) The halfhardy genera are two, Caméllia and Thea; which are thus contradistinguished : CAMELLIA. Stamens polyadelphous or monadelphous at the base. Valve of capsule bearing a dissepiment in the middle of each. THE A. Stamens almost unconnected to the very base. Dissepiments of capsule formed from the inflexed margins of the valves. GENUS I. CAME'LLIA L. THE CAMELLIA. Lin. Syst. Monadélphia Polyándria. Identification. Lin. Gen., No. 848.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 529.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 574. Synonymes. The Japan Rose; Camellier, Rose du Japon, et de la Chine, Fr.; Camellie, Ger. Derivation. Named in honour of George Joseph Camellus, or Kamel, a Moravian Jesuit, and traveller in Asia. Gen. Char., &c. Calyx imbricate, surrounded by accessory bracteas or sepals. Stamens monadelphous. Anthers elliptical, 2-celled, bursting lengthwise; capsule furrowed, with a dissepiment in the middle of each valve, separating from the free triquetrous axis when ripe. Cells 1-2-seeded. Elegant evergreen trees or shrubs, with coriaceous, dark green, shining leaves and large flowers, resembling the rose, of various hues. (Don's Mill., i. p. 574.) The species are evergreen low trees or shrubs, from China, all of which will bear the open air in the neighbourhood of London, with some protection during winter; and a few of them, when once established, with no protection whatever. They are all readily propagated by layers, which, for the commoner sorts, are made from stools planted in coldpits. They are also propagated by cuttings of the ripe wood, planted in autumn, and kept in a cool frame through the winter, being put into heat when they begin to grow in the spring. Grafting, inarching, and budding are employed for propagating the sorts that are comparatively rare. Various new sorts have been raised from seeds ripened in this country. An excellent work has been published on the Camellièce, by Messrs. Chandler and Booth, entitled Illustrations and Descriptions of the Camellièa; in which many of the finest varieties are figured, and scientifically described. Another work, on the same genus, is in course of publication by the Messrs. Baumann, at Bollwyller. 1. C. JAPONICA L. The Japanese Camellia, or the red single-flowered Camellia. Identification. Lin. Sp., 982.; Dec. Prod., 1. p. 529.; Don's Mill., 1. p. 574. Engravings. Cav. Diss., 6. t. 160.; Jacq. Icon. rar., 3. t. 553.; Duh. Ed. nov., t. 71.; Bot. Mag., t. 42.; Chandl. Ill., t. 1.; Andr. Bot. Rep., t. 25.; Lod. Bot. Cab., t. 329. and 455.; Lois. Herb Amat., t. 43, 44, 45, and 46.; and our fig. 94. Spec. Char., &c. Leaves ovate, acuminate, acutely serrated. Flowers axillary, sessile, usually solitary. Ovary smooth. (Don's Mill., i. p. 574.) An evergreen shrub or low tree, perfectly hardy in the neighbourhood of London, as a standard in the free soil, when once thoroughly established. Geography, History, &c. The Camellia japónica is indigenous both in China and Japan, and probably in other parts of Asia not yet explored by botanists. In Japan, it forms a lofty tree in high esteem with the Japanese for the elegance of its large flowers, which there exhibit a great variety of colours, and are produced from October to April. The trees are universally planted in the Japanese gardens; and, according to Thunberg, there are there several doubleflowered varieties; and, among others, a double purple. The Caméllia was introduced into England by Lord Petre, about or before 1739. The first plants brought over were killed by being kept in a stove; but it was afterwards reimported, and kept in a conservatory. The plant began to come into general estimation in England about the beginning of the present century; and it has since been more extensively propagated than any other genus of green-house plants, unless we except Pelargonium and Erica. Within the last 15 or 20 years plants of this species have been tried in the open air, some against walls, and others as bushes; and, provided they are protected for a few years after planting, till the roots become firmly established in the soil, they seem to be nearly as hardy, even in the climate of London, as the common laurel. Sweet, who, it will be allowed, is a competent judge, says, "the Camellia is not generally so much cultivated as it deserves to be, though it is very hardy, standing out our severest winters when planted out against a wall, or in any sheltered situation, without protection." In Devonshire camellias form immense evergreen bushes without any protection whatever, and have even ripened seeds from which young plants have been raised. There is a single red camellia at Bicton, about 2 miles from the sea, and 83 ft. above its level, which is 9 ft. 6 in. high, with the head covering a space 12 ft. 6 in. in diameter. The soil and subsoil are chiefly sand, and the situation not particularly well sheltered. It has been planted out for 16 years, and not protected for the last 12 years. During the last five years, it has endured a temperature of 10° Fah., without sustaining the slightest injury. At Bicton there are a number of other varieties of C. japónica planted out as bushes. In the Vauxhall Nursery 8 sorts have stood out against a north-west wall for 8 years, and flowered freely every year without the slightest protection; and in the Goldworth arboretum there are 30 or 40 sorts, species and varieties, which have stood out as bushes for several years, also without any protection, and in an elevated, open, unsheltered situation. We are not aware of the Camellia japónica having been tried as a standard in the open air in France or Germany; but at Naples, and more especially at Caserta, it has attained the height of 20 ft. in a very few years. (See Gard. Mag., vol. xi. p. 151.) The price of the single-flowered variety, in the London nurseries, is Is. 6d. a plant; at Bollwyller, 3 francs; and at New York, ?. Varieties. A great many varieties have been raised in the neighbourhood of London, chiefly in the nursery of Messrs. Chandler and Son, and in the garden of the Messrs. Loddiges. Some of these may be considered as rather tender, but the greater part of them would answer against a north-west or north-east wall, if protected. The following is an enumeration of the principal varieties known in British gardens. A. Chinese Varieties in general Cultivation. C. j. 2 variegata Bot. Rep. The variegated-flowered Japanese Camellia. ■ C. j. 4 álba plèna Bot. Rep. The white-double-flowered Japanese Ca- C. j. 5 fimbriata Lodd. The fringed-petaled white-double-flowered Japanese Camellia,-Figured in Chandl. Ill., t. 15.; and Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1103. In cultivation since 1816, and a very beautiful variety. "Mr. Colvill, of the King's Road Nursery, has the merit of being EE the first who brought it into notice, and no collection ought to be without it." (Chandl. Ill., t. 15.) Price, in London, 5s.; and at Bollwyller, 15 francs. j. 6 rubra plena Bot. Rep. The red-double-flowered Japanese Camellia, Old red, and Greville's red.-Figured in Bot. Rep., t. 199.; and in Chandl. Ill., t. 18. The flowers are of a crimson-red colour, and resemble those of a double Hibiscus Ròsa sinensis. Imported in 1794, by Sir Robert Preston, of Valleyfield, in Perthshire, and Woodfield, in Essex. Of a free and robust habit, and growing very erect; flowers but sparingly produced before the plant gets old; and hence this is not so much cultivated as some other varieties. The flowers are about 3 in. or 3 in. in diameter, and open at the same time as those of the waratah and àtro-rùbens. Price, in London, 3s. 6d. a plant; and at Bollwyller, 5 francs. C j. 7 anemoneflora. The Anemone-flowered Japanese Camellia, Waratah Camellia, Blush Waratah Camellia.-Figured in Bot. Mag., t. 1654.; Chandl. Ill., t. 8.; and our fig. 96. Named Waratah from the resemblance of the flower to that of the Telopea speciosíssima, or waratah plant. This is one of the most singular, as well as the most beautiful, varieties: the flowers resemble those of a double poppy anemone (Ane. mòne coronària), having the exterior petals of the usual form, and the centre ones narrow and numerous; they are 3 in. or 4 in. in diameter, and of a deep and brilliant scarlet colour. Price, in London, 5s. each; and at Bollwyller, 10 francs. C. j. 8 crassinérvis Lodd. The thick-nerved-leaved Japanese Camellia, Kent's Camellia, Kent's hexangular.-Figured in Chandl. Ill., t. 39.; and Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 1475. Resembles the waratah, but differs in the outer petals being paler and more cupped, and in the leaves being thinner and rounder. Introduced in 1820. Price, in London, 7s. 6d. ; and at Bollwyller, 15 francs. C. j. 9 myrtifolia Bot. Mag. The Myrtle-leaved Japanese Camellia. Figured in Bot. Mag., 1670.; and Chandl. Ill., t. 14. The leaves are rather smaller than in most of the other varieties, and the flowers large in proportion to them, being about 3 in. in diameter. The plant is somewhat slender in growth, but flowers freely. Supposed to have been imported in 1808, for the Kew Garden. Price, in London, 5s.; and at Bollwyller, 6 francs. C. j. 10 involuta Bot. Reg. The involute-petaled Japanese Camellia, Lady Long's Camellia.-Figured in Bot. Reg., t. 633. In general appearance resembling C. j. myrtifolia, but more erect and of stronger growth, and having petals involute, instead of spreading. Mr. Sweet deemed it identical with C. myrtifòlia, as appears by his Hort. Brit., p. 73. Introduced in 1820. In London, 7s.; and at Bollwyller, 25 francs. C. j. 11 variabilis. The variable-coloured-flowered Japanese Camellia. More than four different-coloured flowers are produced upon the same plant; namely, red, white, and blush varieties of the pæony-flowered and the pompone. C. j. 12 Pompònia Bot. Reg. The Pompone Japanese Camellia, the Kew Blush Camellia.-Figured in Bot. Reg., t. 22.; and Chandl. Ill., t. 9. The name appears to be derived from some fancied resemblance of the flowers to the French head-dress called a pompone. The petals are delicate in their texture, and, when fully expanded, the flowers are just 4 in. across. The colour of the petals is pure white, except for about a third of their length nearest the base, which is deeply tinged with red, of which there is a small stripe up the centre. Introduced in 1810. This variety is very hardy; plants of it have stood out for eight winters in the Vauxhall Nursery. Price, in London, 3s. 6d. ; and at Bollwyller, 4 francs. C. j. pæoniæflòra rosea, figured in Chandl. Ill., t. 19.; C. j. p. púllida, and C. j. p. álba; the red peony-flowered, introduced in 1810; the blush pæony-flowered, introduced in 1820; and the white pæony-flowered, introduced in 1810, may be considered as subvarieties of the pompone. The price of these subvarieties is somewhat higher than that of C. j. Pompònia. C. j. 13 semiduplex Bot. Rep. The semidouble-flowered Japanese Camellia. — Figured in Bot. Rep., t. 559. The flowers consist of from 6 to 12 large roundish petals, in a single or double series, with a column of stamens in the centre: they are of a rich rose colour. Introduced in 1808. Middlemist's red camellia so closely resembles this sort as hardly to be distinguishable from it. C. j. 14 àtro-rubens Bot. Cab. The dark red-flowered Japanese Camellia, Loddiges's red Camellia.—Figured in Lodd. Bot. Cab., t. 170.; and Chandl. Ill., t. 25. This is a very beautiful variety, and a vigorously growing one. It is always among the latest in coming into blossom, the flowers opening at about the same time as those of the waratah camellia. The plants have an erect fastigiate habit, and the flowers are of a deep scarlet, and are very showy. They are not so large as in some of the other varieties; but they have a marked appearance from the middle of the flower being filled with small petals, which project so as to overtop the others. Imported by Messrs. Loddiges, from China, in 1809. Price, in London, 5s. ; and at Bollwyller, 5 francs. ■ C. j. 15 Welbánkii Chandl. Ill., t. 27.; Welbank's white-flowered Japanese Camellia. C. j. lùteo-álbicans Bot. Reg., t. 708.; C. j. flavescens; and white Moutan Camellia.—Figured in Bot. Rcg., t. 708. The flowers, which have been compared to those of Gardènia flórida, are of a yellowish-white colour, rather delicate, and they do not open very freely. The flowers are from 3 in. to 3 in. in diameter. In Messrs. Chandler and Booth's account of this variety, published Feb., 1831, it is characterised as very different from any other white-flowered kind, and as being of robust habit, and remarkable for the convexity of its foliage. Introduced by Captains Welbank and Rawes in 1820. Price, in London, 5s.; and at Bollwyller, 10 francs. C. j. 16 ròsea Don's Mill. The rosy-flowered Japanese Camellia.- The flower has the appearance of a small moss rose; it measures about 24 in. in diameter, approaching in form that of the myrtle-leaved. Introduced in 1821. Price, in London, 3s. 6d. each; and at Bollwyller, 5 francs. C. j. 17 speciosa Hort. Trans. The showy Japanese Camellia, Rawes's variegated Waratah Camellia. Camellia Rawesiàna Hort. Figured in Chandl. Ill., t. 32. An extremely handsome variety, with flowers of a deeper red than either those of C. àtro-rùbens or the waratah. They open very regularly, and, when expanded, are usually 4 in. in diameter. Nearly the whole of the petals have a little white stripe at their base, and some of them are variegated; all of them are disposed in the same manner as those of the waratah. It was imported by Captain Richard Rawes in 1824, who presented it to his relation, T. C. Palmer, Esq., Bromley, Kent. Price, in London, 10s. 6d.; and at Bollwyller, 50 francs. C. j. 18 cárnea Bot. Reg. The flesh-coloured-flowered Japanese Camellia, Middlemist's red Camellia, rose-coloured Camellia.-Figured in Bot. Reg., t. 22. The flowers are similar in colour to those of the semidouble red (No. 13.), but larger. The centre petals are short and vary in form; generally they are roundish and a little twisted, as well as marked with dark-coloured veins, and all of them have, more or less, a small whitecoloured stripe down their centre. The stamens are generally all changed into petals, and the whole flower resembles a full-blown rose. Introduced in 1808. C. j. 19 imbricata Hort. Trans. The imbricated-petaled Japanese Camellia, crimson Shell Camellia. — Figured in Chandl. Ill., t. 22. ; and Bot. Reg., t. 1398. "Without doubt, the best variety that has |