"the Virginian crab tree with sweet flowers," communis" with strip'd leaves," "the double-blossom pear," "the twice-flowering pear;" Cydònia vulgàris, the pear quince, apple quince, and Portugal quince; Méspilus germánica; g., the great Dutch; Crataegus Oxyacántha; O. fl. pl.; O., Glastonbury; O., whitefruited; Azaròlus, "the Virginian azarol with red fruit;" Pyracantha, "the Virginian cockspur," "the Virginian hawthorn with long sharp thorns," "the yellow-berried Carolina hawthorn;" Amelanchier vulgàris, Photínia arbutifòlia, ? Cotoneaster vulgàris.

23. Granateæ. Pùnica Granàtum, G. flòre plèno.

24. Tamariscínea. Támarix gállica and germánica.

25. Philadelphea. Philadelphus coronàrius; c., doubleflowered; c., variegated-leaved; c. nànus (" nunquam florens," which never flowers).

26. Passiflorea. Passiflora cærùlea; c., with yellow blotch'd leaves; "the narrow-leav'd passion flower, with lesser and paler colour'd flowers;" "the yellow passion flower," "the threeleav'd passion flower."

27. Crassulaceæ. Sèdum populifòlium.

28. Grossulaceæ. Ribes Grossulària; eight kinds of gooseberry, among which are "the yellow-leav'd" and "the strip'dleav'd;" and included in the species rubrum these varieties, common red currant, champagne, large red, white, large white, "the strip'd-leav'd white," "the yellow-strip'd-leav'd currant, tree," "the silver-strip'd currant tree;" alpinum; a., with leaf variegated with yellow; nigrum; n., variegated-leaved; "Ribes, Americana, fructu nigro; "" small wild currant."

29. Araliaceæ. Aràlia spinòsa.

30. Caprifoliaceae. Kinds of honeysuckle named as follows:the Italian, yellow Italian, early or French white, late red, Dutch, English long-blowing, oak-leaved, English white, Russian, evergreen, common with striped leaves, striped honeysuckle with hairy indented leaves. Lonicera Xylósteum, alpígena, and cærulea; Symphòria glomeràta. Viburnum Lantana; L., variegated-leaved; lævigàtum, O'pulus, O. ròsea, O. folio variegato, Tìnus; T., hírta; T., foliis ex luteo variegatis;" T., "smallleav'd;" lucidum, 1. " foliis ex albo variegatis." Hédera Hèlix; H., "yellow-leav'd;" H., "silver-strip'd;" H., "the yellowstrip'd." Sambucus nigra; n., greenish-berried; n., whiteberried; n., leaf variegated with yellow; n., "parsley-leav'd;' racemosa.

31. Córneæ. Córnus más sanguínea; s., striped-leaved ; Virginian."

32. Compósitæ. Báccharis halimifòlia.

33. Vaccinièæ. Vaccinium uliginòsum and Myrtillus.

"the

34. Ericacea. Arbutus Unedo; U., double-flowered; "the strawberry tree with oblong flowers and egg-shaped fruit.”

35. Styracineæ. Halèsia tetráptera.

36. Ebenacea. Diospyros virginiana and Lòtus. Perhaps the "Celtis fructu luteo ampliori" is a variety of D. virginiàna.

37. Oleacea. Fraxinus excélsior; e., leaf striped with yellow; ? caroliniana, sp. (" the New England ash"); O'rnus europæ`a and rotundifòlia. Ligustrum vulgàre; v., leaf yellow-variegated; v., leaf silver-variegated. Syringa vulgàris, these varieties of it, blue-flowered, purple-flowered, white-flowered, yellow blotchedleaved, white blotched-leaved; pérsica; p., cut-leaved. O`lea europæ a, e. buxifòlia. Phillýrea latifòlia; 1., leaf yellow-variegated; ligustrifòlia, angustifòlia; a., rosmarinifòlia; oleæfòlia. 38. Jasmineæ. Jasminum officinàle; o., leaf yellow-variegated; o., leaf white-variegated; frùticans, humile.

39. Bignoniacea. Técoma radicans, r. mìnor; Bignonia capreolata, Catálpa syringæfòlia.

40. Solanea. Solanum Dulcamàra; D., white-flowered; D., leaf white-variegated.

41. Labiata. Phlòmis fruticosa, ? lanàta; Rosmarinus officinàlis; o., silver-striped-leaved; o., yellow-striped-leaved; o., latifòlius; sp. (" Rosmarinus; Almeriensis, flore majore, spicato, purpurascente. Tourn. 195. The large flowering rosemary.") Salvia officinalis; o., leaf variegated with green and white; o., leaf red; o., leaf particoloured; sp. (" Salvia; absinthium redolens. J. B. iii. 307. Wormwood sage"), sp. (" Salvia; minor, aurita et non aurita"), and a variety of the preceding (“Salvia; minor, foliis variegatis"). Teùcrium? frùticans, sp. ("Teucrium; Boeticum, calice campanulato. Boerh. Ind. Alt. 181. Spanish tree germander.") "Galeopsis; hispanica, frutescens, Teucrii folio. Tourn. The base-horehound tree."

42. Verbenacea. Vitex Agnus cástus, A. latifòlius. 43. Chenopodea. Atriplex Hálimus.

44. Laurinea. Laúrus Benzòin, Sássafras, nóbilis mas, and nóbilis fœm.

45. Thymela a. Daphne Laurèola; L., yellow-variegated; Mezèreum, red-flowered; M., purple-flowered; M., white-flowered; M., white variegated-leaved.

46. Elæágnea. Elæágnus angustifòlia; Hippóphaë rhamnöìdes mas, r. fœm.

47. Euphorbiaceæ. Búxus sempervirens, eight varieties of. 48. Artocárpeæ. Ficus Carica, nine varieties of; a tenth kind of Ficus. Mòrus nigra, álba; a., "the small purplishwhite" fruited; "the large-leav'd Virginian mulberry with black shoots," "the Virginian mulberry with long red fruit."

49. Ulmacea. The common elm; the witch hazel, or broadleaved elm; the small-leaved elm; the smooth-leaved, or witch elm; the Dutch elm; the small-leaved striped elm; the striped witch elm; the yellow-leaved elm; the striped Dutch elm.

"There are some other varieties of these trees in the nurseries near London, which, not having been examined, we shall omit at present." Céltis occidentalis.

50. Juglándeæ. Juglans règia, four varieties of; nigra. Càrya, sp. ("Virginian walnut with long furrow'd fruit"), sp. ("the hickery, or white Virginian walnut "), sp. (" the small white Virginian walnut, or hickery”).

51. Salicineæ. Salix álba, pentandra, sp. (" the long-leav❜d sweet [scented leaf] willow"), babylónica, frágilis, ? amygdalina or? triándra, vitellìna, ? càprea; ? c., round-leaved; c., roundleaved-variegated. Pópulus canéscens, álba; a., variegatedleaved; trémula, nigra.

52. Betulineæ. Bétula álba, Alnus glutinosa and? oblongata. 53. Cupuliferæ. Quercus Ilex, four varieties of; coccifera, Ròbur; R., leaf white-variegated; álba, "evergreen oak with broad leaves like the common oak," "the scarlet oak," "the Virginian chestnut-leav'd oak," "the Virginian willow-leav'd oak," "the chinquapin oak," "the Spanish cut-leav'd oak;" Suber," the broad-leav'd cork tree;" S.," the narrow-leav'd cork tree." Carpinus Bétulus; B., striped-leaved; O ́strya vulgàris and virgínica ; Castanea vésca; v., leaf elegantly variegated; pùmila; Fagus sylvática; s., yellow-variegated-leaved; Corylus Avellana, and five varieties of it.

54. Platàncæ. Plátanus orientális, occidentalis, ? acerifòlia ; Liquidámbar styraciflua.

55. Myricea. Myrica Gale, cerífera, carolinénsis.

56. Coniferæ. Cedrus Libani, Làrix europæ`a: e., with the rudiments of the cone white; Pinus sylvéstris, Pináster, sp. ("Pinus; Americana, foliis prælongis, subinde ternis, conis plurimis confertim nascentibus"), Pinea, Stròbus, palustris; Abies excélsa, Picea, sp. or var. (" Abies; minor, pectinatis foliis, Virginiana, conis parvis subrotundis. Pluk. Alm. 2. Phyt. tab. 121. f. 1."); sp. or var. (" Abies; Piceæ foliis, brevibus; conis minimis. Rand."); nìgra; balsamífera, sp. or var. ("Abies; taxi folio; fructu longissimo, deorsum inflexo. Long-con'd Cornish firr"); Schubértia dísticha, Cupréssus sempervirens ; ?s., horizontális; Thuja occidentàlis, occidentàlis with its leaves elegantly variegated; Taxus baccàta; b., leaf variegated; b., "the broad shining-leav'd yew;" Juniperus communis, suécica, virginiana,? virginiàna hùmilis; bermudiana, Sabina; S., variegated-leaved; ? S., "the berry-bearing or upright savin."

The introducers of foreign trees and shrubs in the early part of the eighteenth century are much indebted to Mark Catesby, an enthusiastic naturalist, who travelled in North America from 1712 to 1726, when he returned to England, made himself master of the art of etching, and published his splendid work, containing the natural history of Carolina, Florida, and the

Bahama Islands. All the most interesting trees of America are beautifully figured in these volumes; and the appearance of such figures for the first time, in England, must have greatly contributed to induce the wealthy to procure the introduction of the trees they represented into this country. Ryall, who wrote the preface to Catesby's Hortus Americanus Europaus (which was not published till 1767, nearly twenty years after Catesby's death), observes, "that very little regard was had to the trees and shrubs of America on our first settling in that country; nor, indeed, was any considerable step taken about introducing them into England till about the year 1720," chiefly in consequence of Mr. Catesby's exertions, Catesby lived many years at Hoxton; but in the latter part of his life he removed to Fulham, where he occupied a house, and had a garden within the site of what is now the Fulham Nursery, in which some trees remain that were planted with his own hand. (Lysons, vol. ii. p. 829.) Catesby was born in 1679, and died in 1749. In a notice of his death, in the Gentleman's Magazine for 1749 (xx. 30.), he is called the "truly honest, ingenious, and modest Mr. Mark Catesby."

On a blank leaf of Collinson's copy of Catesby's Natural History of Carolina (which, in January, 1835, came into the possession of A. B. Lambert, Esq.), is the following curious memorandum in Mr. Collinson's own handwriting, and signed with his name, "The ingenious author, Mr. Mark Catesby, was born of a gentleman's family at Sudbury in Suffolk. Some of his family being settled in Virginia, and having himself a turn of mind to natural history, he went over there to see his sister and improve his genius. From thence he travelled to Carolina, Bahama Islands, &c., and painted all the subjects from the life. On his return, the subscription being at an end, he was at a great loss how to introduce this valuable work to the world, until he met with a friend (Peter Collinson) to assist and promote his views. He learned to engrave, and coloured all himself, yet it proved so very expensive, that he was many years in accomplishing the work, being himself the principal operator. So noble and so accurate a performance, begun and finished by one hand, is not to be paralleled but it afforded a subsistence to himself, his wife, and two children, to his death; and his widow subsisted on the sale of it for about two years afterwards, then the work, plates, &c., sold for 400l., and about 2007. more left by the widow, was divided between the two children, a son and a daughter." At the bottom of the titlepage is written : "This edition of this noble work is very valuable, as it was highly finished by the ingenious author, who in gratitude made me this present for the considerable sum of money I lent him without interest, to enable him to publish it for the benefit of

himself and family; else of necessity it must have fallen a prey to the booksellers." Date 1731.

Mr. John Ellis was remarkable for his exertions in devising plans for importing acorns and other nuts and seeds of American trees, which through his means were thus brought over in large quantities. He was a contemporary of Collinson, and, like him, was early in life engaged in merchandise; but he afterwards became agent for West Florida in 1764, and for Dominica in 1770. He had a very extensive correspondence, and was the means of introducing many articles of natural history, besides trees and shrubs. He was the author of The Natural History of Corallines, The Natural History of Zoophytes, &c., and established the genera Halèsia, Gordònia, Gardenia, and others. As a proof of the amiable feeling that subsisted at that time between English and French naturalists, may be mentioned, that, during the war, Duhamel, who was then (1757) at the head of the French marine establishment, promised to Ellis and Collinson to return whatever plants were taken by the French. John Ellis died in 1776, aged 66.

Alexander Garden, M.D., was a Scotch physician, settled at Charlestown, in South Carolina, where he married in 1755, and died in 1791, in his 52d year. He sent home a number of American trees and shrubs, including the Ptèlea, the fringe tree, several species of Magnòlia, Zàmia integrifòlia, &c. Linnæus intended the loblolly bay, called Lasiánthus (now Gordònia Lasianthus), to be named after him, which honour Dr. Garden solicited; but, unfortunately, his letter arrived too late by a month, Mr. Ellis having, in the meantime, named it Gordònia. Another genus, the Gardènia, commemorates the name of this ardent naturalist.

Subsequently to the year 1730, foreign trees and shrubs appear to have been planted in various country seats, and more especially in those laid out in the modern style. Among the earliest of these are included Stowe, and part of the scenery at Blenheim. At the former are some fine old cypresses, cedars, and acacias, planted in Brown's time; and in the latter were, till lately, the oldest deciduous cypresses and Lombardy poplars in England. We believe the very first place in which the Dutch style was made to give way to the English manner was Corby Castle, in Cumberland, which began to display the new taste so early as 1706 (Warner); but it does not appear that many foreign trees were planted.

Pains Hill was planted by the Honourable Charles Hamilton, sixth son of the Earl of Abercorn, about the same time that Woburn Farm was laid out, viz. 1735. Mr. Hamilton not only indulged the public with a sight of his improvements at Pains Hill; but allowed strangers the use of low chairs, drawn by