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§ 5. THE USE OF LANGUAGE IN INTELLECTUAL OPERATIONS
RESPECTING EXTERNAL MATERIAL OBJECTS.
Much depends on the use of language. Proof
1. Imagination introduces no new thought
120
2. Without language remembrances would recur in the
original connection of the objects remembered
121
3. Descriptions of scenes call up images already retained
in the mind
4. Paintings furnish perceptions capable of being recalled
as real scenes
122
5. Paintings, like real scenes, capable of being broken
up in recalling them, and formed into new combi-
nations
6. A scene thus constructed in the mind may itself
become an object of memory
7. Power of combining qualities of different objects in the
mind, dependent chiefly on language
123
CHAPTER I.
CONSCIOUSNESS.
As applied to sensation, is nothing more than sensation;
as applied to perception includes knowledge of the
external cause of sensation.
Extends to the notion of self, to emotions influencing
recognition of the cause of them Hypothetically extended to the future
CHAPTER II.
Page
126
. 126
THE DISCOVERY OF THE PRESENCE AND EMOTIONS OF
OTHER MINDS.
127
1. It discovers by perception bodies like its own, and infers
from their movements, similar minds
2. It is conscious that it exhibits mental states by move-
ments of the body. Infers like causes from like effects 127
CHAPTER III.
ATTENTION DRAWN FROM BODIES OF MEN TO THEIR MINDS.
Because the body controlled by the mind
129
Our chief attention from childhood directed to the mental
character of others
Two elements of character, power and disposition
The study of these continues through life
130
Elements of character, as they appear to children
Power to give pleasure or pain
Strength of body till weakness discovered, or
discovers that he is controlled by others
To give or withhold money or other enjoyment
To communicate information
To please by wit or drollery, music, &c. .
Learning, and other mental acquirements
135
Poetical and oratorical power, wit, music, mimicry. 135
Men seek to possess some of these kinds of power to give
value to character
Disposition, first impression, manners, profession, afterward
acts
136
.
137
CHAPTER IV.
MEMORY, AS EXERCISED ON RECOGNITIONS.
Additions to the laws of suggestion. Extended to mental
character
Resemblances or analogies discovered between matter and
mind; these mutually suggest each other
Manifested in forms of speech.
Important operation of laws of suggestion
Any work of man suggests the qualities of his
mind; machinery, painting, music .
CHAPTER V.
138
139
. 139
. 140
. 141
THE EMOTIONS, AS CONNECTED WITH RECOGNITION.
1. From our consciousness we learn that other men may
be and are causes of pain or pleasure to others or to
ourselves
2. From the same source we learn that other men may be
influenced by such passions towards others as love,
hatred, gratitude, &c., and often infer that they are
the subjects of such emotions
142
3. Having discovered that the character of others is of
more importance than individual acts, our emotions
towards them are often influenced by our estimate of
their character
143
Desire to injure the object of it
Gratitude excites desire to give him pleasure.
Self-love
Selfishness
149
Regarded by some as an original faculty of the mind.
Operation of laws of suggestion
Proved and illustrated
We sympathise with persons of whom we know nothing,
but the emotions in which we sympathise. Sym-
pathy, therefore, not with the persons, but with their
emotions
Sympathy with happiness or joy
Infectious sympathy. Examples
CHAPTER VII.
INTELLECTUAL OPERATIONS AS CONNECTED WITH
RECOGNITION.
§ 1.-CLASSIFICATION.
The characters of men classed
Nature of intercourse of man with man another ground of
classification
§ 2.-INDUCTION.
The difficulty in the induction to ascertain the real
antecedents
154
155
158
161
ON TASTE, OR THE APPRECIATION OF BEAUTY AND SUBLIMITY.
Supposed that no beauty or sublimity in material objects. 173
Reasons against this notion
173
Different from beauty. Causes different; nay, opposite
177