Mosul before Iraq: Like Bees Making Five-Sided CellsSUNY Press, 22 jun 2000 - 278 pagina's Drawing upon original source documents, Mosul before Iraq paints a portrait of the region during the turbulent nineteenth century. What emerges is a picture of citizens less focused on Europe or Istanbul and more on centuries-old relationships among its economic and social spheres. By arguing that the region belongs to a broader geographic, economic, and political space which crosses current national borders, the book explains the continuing conflict over the status of Mosul. Like bees building unconventional cells, Mosul's people innovated during the nineteenth century. They worked to incorporate new methods, new products, and new interactions into networks that they had already constructed in their crafts, their commerce, their city, and their region. |
Inhoudsopgave
INTRODUCTION | 3 |
The Scholars | 5 |
Focus | 9 |
Actors | 11 |
The Characters | 12 |
Outline | 15 |
Mosul and Its Officials | 21 |
The Ottomans and Mosul | 24 |
Steamships | 104 |
Justice | 105 |
Credit | 107 |
Tolls Taxes and Monopolies | 110 |
The Challenge of Counting | 114 |
Foreign Trade Regional Trade | 117 |
Conclusion | 121 |
Peasants and the City | 125 |
Mosuls Government | 28 |
Institutions of Government | 34 |
Centralization | 37 |
Struggles for Power | 40 |
Taxation | 41 |
NonMuslim Communities | 43 |
Christians versus Christians | 49 |
Challenge in the Mountains | 51 |
Riots in the City | 58 |
The Revolution of 1908 | 60 |
Conclusion | 62 |
People of the City | 67 |
Food and Water | 71 |
Working Life | 74 |
Textiles | 76 |
Making Ends Meet | 81 |
Foreign Trade Local Government and Conflict | 83 |
Reform and Reaction | 86 |
Conclusion | 89 |
Merchants | 93 |
Rafts and Donkeys | 95 |
Mules | 100 |
Camels | 101 |
Planting and Harvesting | 126 |
Taxes | 132 |
Credit | 137 |
Land Ownership | 139 |
Enforcement and Effects of the Land Reform Laws | 142 |
Labor and Increasing Exports | 149 |
Food Scarcity and Power | 151 |
Conclusion | 156 |
Nomads | 161 |
Interdependence | 162 |
Nomads Sheep and Wool | 169 |
Government and the Politics of the Nomads | 176 |
Conclusion | 181 |
Conclusions and Suggestions | 185 |
Politics and Foreign Trade Historiography | 188 |
The Mosul Question | 189 |
Permeable Boundaries Impenetrable Borders | 190 |
The Political Implications of Regional Trade | 191 |
APPENDIX | 193 |
NOTES | 213 |
BIBLIOGRAPHY | 255 |
| 271 | |
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