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(Puerto Rico).-Kohler and Fox, 1951, p. 113 (Puerto Rico).-Wolcott, 1951, p. 426 (Puerto Rico).-Fox, 1952a, p. 888 (Puerto Rico).-Fox and Maldonado, 1953, p. 165 (Puerto Rico).

Culicoides painteri Fox, 1946, p. 257 (fe

male; Honduras; fig. wing).

Culicoides oliveri Fox and Hoffman, 1944, p. 108 (in part, male only, misidentified; Haiti).

Female.-Wing length 1.11 mm. Head (fig. 20, g): Eyes contiguous, bare. Antenna (fig. 20, a) with lengths of flagellar segments in proportion of 20-14-14-14-14-14-1415-24-25-26-29-44; AR 1.32; sensory pattern 3,5,7,9,11-15. Palpal segments (fig. 20, c) with lengths in proportion of 9-23-33-13-17; PR 2.8; third segment moderately swollen, with broad, shallow, somewhat subdivided sensory pit. Proboscis long, P/H ratio 1.05; mandible (fig. 20, h) with 21 teeth.

Thorax: Dark brown; mesonotum yellowish in center, with two darker sublateral vittae. Legs (fig. 20, i, k, l) dark brown with pale rings on fore knees and midknees and at base and apex of hind tibia; tibial comb (fig. 20, j) with six spines, second from spur longest.

Wing (fig. 20, e; 30, 1): Pattern as figured; 2RC included in distal pale spot, but a prominent blackish line

following vein R4+5 to the point where it turns abruptly forward to meet costa; crossvein r-m dark on anterior end; pale spot straddling midportion of vein M2; distal pale spot in cell R5 transverse, more or less emarginate on distal side; only one pale spot in distal portion of cell M1; cell M2 with pale streak at

base, irregular pale area between medial and mediocubital forks, and two pale spots in distal portion; cell M4 with prominent pale lines bordering posterior side of vein M3+4 and distal side of vein Cul, and a round pale spot in distal portion of cell connected narrowly to pale line along vein M3+4; anal cell with pale area at base and two pale spots in distal portion; apices of veins M1, M2, M3+4, and Cul with pale spot at wing margin. Macrotrichia sparse on distal half of wing and in anal cell; CR 0.65; 2RC elongate with broad lumen. Halter infuscated.

Abdomen: Blackish, cerci paler. Spermathecae (fig. 20, m) two plus rudimentary third and sclerotized ring; functional ones subspherical to ovoid with short slender necks; unequal, measuring 0.063 by 0.049 mm. and 0.052 by 0.041 mm.

Male Genitalia (fig. 20, 0).— Ninth sternum with shallow caudomedian excavation, ventral membrane not spiculate; ninth tergum rounded distally, with small, widely separated, apicolateral processes, caudal margin between them transverse. Basistyle with strong spinose setae on mesal margin, ventral and dorsal roots short; dististyle curved, with slender, bluntly rounded tip. Aedeagus with basal arch short, ex

tending to a sixth of total length, anterior margin with sclerotized thickening; distal portion with internal, anteriorly directed, sclerotized point and slender apex with round terminal papilla. Parameres (fig. 20, p) connected at bases by a short sclerotized loop; each with

short, stout main body and slender, ventrally directed filiform tip with apex bare (West Indies and South America) or with minute fringing hairs (Central America).

Distribution.-Florida, Mexico, Central America, South America south to Brazil and Argentina, West Indies, Trinidad.

Types.-Lectotype, male, of insignis (designated by Wirth and Blanton, 1956a), from Lutz collection, locality not stated, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz collection, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Types of inamollae, holotype, female, allotype, male, and two female paratypes, Mayaguez, Puerto Rico, 7 October 1935, G. S. Tulloch, light trap (University of Puerto Rico collection). Holotype, female, of painteri, paratype female, Puerta Castilla, Honduras, 20, 29 April 1926, R. H. Painter (University of Puerto Rico collection).

West Indian Records.

CAYMAN ISLANDS: Grand Cayman, Red Bay, 5 December 1969, J. E. Davies, light trap, 50 males, females.

CUBA: Guantanamo Bay, 22 February 1962, E. R. Turner, light trap, 1 male; La Victoria, Camaguey Prov., 3 July 1957, J. U. McGuire, 6 males, 8 females.

DOMINICA: Cabrit Swamp, 23 February 1965, W. W. Wirth, light trap, 3 males, 3 females; same, 18 October 1966, E. L. Todd, 1 female; Clarke Hall Estate, January-March 1965, Wirth, light trap, 30 males, 15 females; Layou River mouth, 20 January 1965, Wirth, at light, 8 females.

DOMINICAN REPUBLIC: Rio

Camu, 10 km. ne. Jarabacoa, 12 June 1969, Flint and Gomez, 1 female.

JAMAICA: Reading, 4 mi. e. Montego Bay, reared from larvae (Linley, 1965a).-Bath, St. Thomas Parish, February 1937, Chapin and Blackwelder, 5 females; Bluefields and Calder Estates, Westmoreland Parish, 8 December 1969, E. G. Farnworth, light trap, 1 female; Kingston, 29 January 1937, Chapin and Blackwelder, 1 female; Mandeville, Manchester Parish, 4 April 1970, Farnworth, light trap, 2 females; Negril, Westmoreland Parish, 20 November 1968, 22 June 1970, Farnworth, light trap, 500 approx.; Runaway Bay, St. Ann Parish, February 1969, W. W. Wirth, 6 males, 11 females; Santa Cruz, 24 February 1937, Chapin and Blackwelder, 1 male, 8 females; Spanish Town, St. Catherine Parish, 3 February 1937, Chapin and Blackwelder, 1 male, 8 females; same, 28 May 1970, Farnworth, light trap, 100's; Twickenham Park, St. Catherine Parish, 28 April 1970, Farnworth, light trap, 1,000's; Worthy Park Estate, St. Catherine Parish, 17 November 1968, R. E. Woodruff, light trap, 1 female; same, March-June, 1970, Farnworth, light trap, 1,000's.

PUERTO RICO: Henry Barracks (Fox, 1952a).-Isla Verde Int. Airport, 1958-60 (Fox and Garcia-Moll, 1961).-Mayaguez, 7 October 1935, G. S. Tulloch (Fox and Hoffman, 1944, types of inamollae).-Bosque de Luquillo, 19 January 1969, Walker and Drummond, light trap, 1 female; Camp Tortuguero, 24 June 1952, F. S. Blanton, light trap, 10 females; Caroline, 20 July 1948,

H. D. Pratt, light trap, 4 males, 6 females; Fajardo, 1 July 1952, Blanton, light trap, 2 females; Fort Buchanan, 26 June 1952, Blanton, light trap, 1 female; Guajatara, 3 July 1952, Blanton, light trap, 1 female; Henry Barracks, 21 June 1952, Blanton, light trap, 4 females; Mayaguez, 9 January 1969, Walker and Drummond, light trap, 2 females; Rio Piedras, 24 August 1961, Flint and Spangler, light trap, 1 male.

SAINT JOHN: No locality, September 1961, R. W. Williams, emergence trap, 10 males, 15 females; Caneel Bay Plantation, August 1961, Williams, emergence trap, 1 male; Rendevous Bay, August 1961, Williams, emergence trap, 1 male.

SAINT LUCIA: Castries, Fairview, 14 April 1959, R, Darsie, light trap, 1 male; Cul de Sac Rd. at MP 9, 29 July 1963, Flint and Cadet, 1 female; Gros Islet, Yacht Club light, 26 October 1967, J. B. Davies, 1 male; Union Agr. Sta., 28 July 1963, O. S. Flint, 1 female.

Discussion.-The females of C. insignis are readily distinguished from other members of the subgenus Hoffmania in the Caribbean by the wing markings, with only one pale spot in cell M1 past the pale spot straddling vein M2, a dark r-m crossvein, and a dark line following vein R4+5 into the pale spot at the tip of 2RC to the point where the vein turns abruptly forward toward the costa.

Larval Habitat.-Fox (1952a) first characterized this species as a cow pasture species, writing that it "occurs abundantly around cattle and breeds in their pasturelands,

hence it may feed on them." He also remarked that it "breeds in pasturelands and sugarcane fields." Wirth and Blanton (1959) reported it as being abundant in the muddy cow pastures in Panama.

Lutz (1913) originally reared C. insignis from mangrove swamps in Brazil. Fox and Hoffman (1944) were presumably led in part by the supposed differences in the larval habitat of C. inamollae in Puerto Rican cow pastures to describe it as a distinct species. But Linley (1965a) and Davies (1967) in Jamaica reared C. insignis from both types of habitats and intermediate ones as well. They reared it from extremely glutinous black mud that was shaded by red and black mangroves and periodically covered by tidal sea water. They also reared it from the margins of drainage ditches, which flowed from the sugarcane fields into the mangrove swamps, and from the waterlogged clay soil of the canefields themselves.

Biting Habits.-In Trinidad (Aitken, 1957) and in Jamaica (Davies, 1967) C. insignis is essentially a zoophilic species, biting man occasionally but not in sufficient numbers to be a nuisance.

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Culicoides loughnani jamaicensis Edwards. -Fox, 1949, p. 32 (Puerto Rico; fig. palpus, mesonotum, male genitalia).– Fox and Kohler, 1950, p. 342 (Puerto Rico). Kohler and Fox, 1951, p. 113 (Puerto Rico).-Fox, 1952a, p. 888 (Puerto Rico).-Fox and Maldonado, 1953, p. 165 (Puerto Rico). Culicoides jamaicensis Edwards.-Wirth, 1955, p. 112 (Guatemala; fig. male genitalia).-Wirth and Blanton, 1959, p. 339 (redescribed; Panama distribution; illus.).-Wirth and Hubert, 1960, p. 649 (Bahamas, Mexico; fig. wing).

Female.-Wing length 0.97 mm. Head: Eyes narrowly separated, bare. Antenna (fig. 21, a) with lengths of flagellar segments in proportion of 16-10-11-12-12-13-1414-20-21-21-22-30; AR 1.21; sensory pattern 3-15. Palpal segments (fig. 21, b) with lengths in proportion of 10-20-37-10-10; PR 2.2;

third segment large and swollen to apex, with a large, deep sensory pit opening by a small distal pore. Proboscis long, P/H ratio 0.95; mandible with 15 teeth.

Thorax: Dark brown; mesonotum (fig. 21, e) dark pruinose gray, with three broad dark-brown bands bordered by conspicuous narrow whitish lines. Legs dark brown; femora pale at bases, femora with subapical and tibiae with subbasal, narrow pale rings; tibial comb (fig. 21, d) with four spines, the second from spur longest.

Wing (fig. 21, c; 30, d): Pattern as figured; 2RC dark to tip; pale spot over r-m crossvein small; cell R5 with four pale spots arranged in a rhomboid, the proximal and distal pairs each sometimes fused into oblique double spots, the anterior

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FIGURE 21.-Culicoides jamaicensis: a, Female antenna; b, female palpus; c, female wing; d, tibial comb; e, thoracic pattern; f, spermathecae; g, male parameres; h, male genitalia, parameres removed.

portions of which lie at anterior wing margin; small double pale spots present straddling base of vein M1 and midportion of vein M2; one pale spot in distal portion of cell M1, far from wing margin; cell M2 with pale spot near basal arculus, one lying in front of mediocubital fork, and one far from wing margin in apex of cell; cell M4 with large pale spot broadest along posterior margin of vein M3+4; anal cell with one pale spot near base and two in distal portion; a pale spot straddling midportion of mediocubital stem; pale spots at wing margin at apices of veins M1, M2, and M3+4. Macrotrichia long and numerous, covering entire wing; CR 0.57. Halter pale.

Abdomen: Dark brown. Spermathecae (fig. 21, f) two plus rudimentary third and sclerotized ring; functional ones oval without sclerotized necks; unequal, measuring 0.046 by 0.037 mm. and 0.037 by 0.031 mm.

Male Genitalia (fig. 21, h).Ninth sternum with scarcely perceptible caudomedian excavation, ventral membrane not spiculate; ninth tergum tapered, with extremely long and slender apicolateral processes. Basistyle with ventral and dorsal roots short and slender; dististyle short and tapered to slender, hooked apex. Aedeagus with rounded basal arch extending to nearly half of total length, basal arms stout and curved; distal portion stout and tapered to rather broad, truncated tip. Parameres (fig. 21, g) separate; each with stout basolateral arm; stem short, swollen bulbously at

base, tapering rapidly to slender simple tip abruptly bent ventrolaterad.

Distribution.-Mexico to Panama, Venezuela, Bahamas, Greater Antilles, Trinidad (fig. 4). Types.-Syntypes, 2 females, Kingston, Jamaica, W. F. M. Loughnan (British Museum (Nat. Hist.), London).

West Indian Records.

BAHAMAS: Rum Cay near Port Nelson, 16 March 1953, E. B. Hayden, 1 male (AMNH) (Wirth and Hubert, 1960).-South Bimini, June 1951, M. Cazier and C. Vaurie, 1 male, 1 female (AMNH).

CUBA: Guantanamo Bay, September 1964, U.S. Navy, light trap, 1 male, 4 females.

JAMAICA: Askenish, near Dolphin Head, Hanover Parish, 20 June 1970, E. G. Farnworth, light trap, 10 females; Caymans Estate, St. Catherine Parish, 17 November 1968, S. A. Apegi, light trap, 1 male, 1 female; Gordon Town, St. Andrew Parish, 1 February 1937, Chapin and Blackwelder, 1 female; Negril, Westmoreland Parish, 20 November 1968, R. E. Woodruff, light trap, 1 male, 1 female; Troy, Manchester Parish, 16 February 1937, Chapin and Blackwelder, 1 female; Twickenham Park, St. Catherine Parish, 26 March 1970, Farnworth, light trap, 1 female; Worthy Park Estate, St. Catherine Parish, 17 November 1968, Woodruff, light trap, 1 female.

PUERTO RICO: Henry Barracks (Fox and Kohler, 1950; Kohler and Fox, 1951; Fox, 1952a; Fox and Maldonado, 1953).-Sabana Seca,

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