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Male Genitalia (fig. 29, h).— Ninth sternum with narrow, moderately deep, caudomedian excavation; ninth tergum with distinct caudomedian cleft and small, submedian, apicolateral processes. Aedeagus stout, basal arch extending to only a fifth of total length; distal portion with a pair of characteristic subapical projections extending ventrolaterad, in ventral view resembling a fleur-delis. Parameres (fig. 29, g) fused on basal halves in a basal plate twice as broad as long, apices short and slender, without fringing hairs.

Distribution.-Bahamas, Colombia, Cuba, Haiti, Nicaragua, Panama, Trinidad (fig. 3).

Types.-Holotype, female, of trinidadensis, Caronia River, Port of Spain, Trinidad, 14 June 1906, F. W. Urich (USNM 27272). Holotype, female, of oliveri, Mariana, Haiti, 7 December 1925 (University of Puerto Rico collection). Lectotype, male, of wokei, designated by Wirth and Blanton (1956a), Balboa, C.Z., 29 July 1942, P. A. Woke No. 1027 (USNM 59363).

West Indian Records.

BAHAMAS: Abaco I., April 1968, G. M. Stokes, light trap, 3 females; Andros I., Driggs Hill near South Bight, 27 April 1953, Hayden and Giovannoli, 4 females (AMNH) (Wirth and Blanton, 1956a).-Cat I., Bennetts Harbour, 24 March 1953, L. Giovannoli, 2 females (AMNH); Grand Cay, 22 January 1969, Stokes, light trap, 2 females; Great Harbour Cay, 22 December 1968, Stokes, light trap, 1 male, 5 females.

CUBA: Guantanamo Bay, February-April 1970, J. E. Tisdale, light trap, 5 females.

HAITI: Mariana, 7 December 1925, "biting viciously in sun," 1 female (Fox and Hoffman, 1944, holotype of oliveri; Wirth and Blanton, 1956a).

Discussion. This species greatly resembles the Brazilian species, C. maruim Lutz, with its unmarked mesonotum wing pattern with dark r-m crossvein, undarkened vein R4 +5 and only one distal pale spot in cell M1, dark halter, and third palpal segment with scattered sensilla. C. maruim is paler with a more yellowish wing, lacks the sensoria on antennal segments 3, 7, and 9, the male aedeagus lacks the fleur-de-lislike apex, and the parameres are fused only a short distance at bases and taper more gradually to stouter, bare apices.

(1954)

Larval Habitat.-Woke reared C. trinidadensis from a tidal salt marsh near mangroves in Panama. Breeland (1960) reared it in Panama from a coral sand mangrove habitat inundated frequently by high tidewater.

Biting Habits. This species was reported as a biting pest in Trinidad by Myers (1935), but Adamson (1939) and Aitken (1957) believed that this record probably should be referred to C. diabolicus, C. foxi, or C. insignis. Woke (1954) reported it biting man in Panama, and the Haitian types of C. oliveri were taken biting man viciously in the sun.

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FIGURE 30.-Culicoides spp., female wings: a, C. barbosai; b, borinqueni; c, panamensis;

d, jamaicensis; e, loughnani; f, pusillus; g, furens; h, paraensis; i, arubae; j, melleus; k, floridensis; l, insignis.

LITERATURE CITED

ADAMSON, A. M.

1939. OBSERVATIONS ON BITING SANDFLIES (CERATOPOGONIDAE) IN TRINIDAD, B.W.I. Trop. Agr. 16: 79-81.

AITKEN, T. H. G.

1957. PESTIFEROUS TRINIDAD SANDFLIES. Trinidad Field Nat. Club Jour. 1957, pp. 23

AKIBA, K.

26.

1960. STUDIES ON THE LEUCOCYTOZOON FOUND IN THE CHICKEN, IN JAPAN. II. ON THE TRANSMISSION OF L. CAULLERYI BY CULICOIDES ARAKAWAE. Jap. Vet. Sci. Jour. 22: 309-317.

AMOSOVA, I. S.

1959. [ON THE GONOTROPHIC RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN THE GENUS CULICOIDES (DIPTERA, HELEIDAE).] Ent. Obozr., Moskva. 38: 774-789. [In Russian.]

ATCHLEY, W. R.

1967. THE CULICOIDES OF NEW MEXICO (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE). Kans. Univ. Sci. Bul. 46: 937-1022.

1970. A BIOSYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE SUBGENUS SELFIA OF CULICOIDES (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE). Kans. Univ. Sci. Bul. 49: 181-336.

BARBOSA, F. A. S.

1947. CULICOIDES (DIPTERA: HELEIDAE) DA REGIAO NEOTROPICA. Pernambuco Soc. Biol. An. 7: 3-30, 9 plates.

1951. A CHANGE OF SPECIFIC NAME IN THE GENUS CULICOIDES (DIPTERA, HELEIDAE). Wash. Ent. Soc. Proc. 53: 163.

1952. NOVOS SUBSIDIOS PARA O CONHECIMENTO DOS CULICOIDES NEOTROPICOS (DIPTERA: HELEIDAE). Imprensa Indus. Recife, 21 pp., 10 plates.

BARRETTO, M. P.

1944. SOBRE O GENERO "CULICOIDES" LATREILLE, 1809, COM A DESCRICAO DE TRES ESPECIES (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE). São Paulo Univ., Faculd. de Med. An. 20: 89-105, 4 plates.

BEATTY, H. A.

1944. THE INSECTS OF ST. CROIX, V.I. Puerto Rico Univ. Jour. Agr. 28: 114-172. BECK, E. C.

1951. A NEW CULICOIDES FROM FLORIDA (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE). Fla. Ent. 34: 135-136.

1952. NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF CULICOIDES IN FLORIDA (DIPTERA, CERATOPOGONIDAE). Fla. Ent. 35: 101-107.

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1958. A POPULATION STUDY OF THE CULICOIDES OF FLORIDA (DIPTERA: HELEIDAE). Mosquito News 18: 6-11.

BELKIN, J. N.

1962. MOSQUITOES OF THE SOUTH PACIFIC (DIPTERA, CULICIDAE). 2 v. Calif. Univ. Press, Berkeley.

BIDLINGMAYER, W. L.

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BLANTON, F. S., GRAHAM, O. H., and KEENAN, C. M.

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BowNE, J. G., LUEDKE, A. J., FOSTER, N. M., and JOCHIM, M. M.

1966. CURRENT ASPECTS OF BLUETONGUE IN CATTLE. Amer. Vet. Med. Assoc. Jour. 148: 1177-1180.

LUEDKE, A. J., JOCHIM, M. M., and FOSTER, N. M.

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BRAM, R. A.

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BREELAND, S. G.

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HELEIDAE IN THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE. Mosquito News 20: 161–167.
and SMITH, J. P.

1962. OBSERVATIONS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF

CULICOIDES IN THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE.

BRUCE, W. G., and BLAKESLEE, E. B.

FLIGHT RANGES IN THE CONTROL OF
Mosquito News 22: 147–154.

1948. CONTROL OF SALT-MARSH SAND FLIES AND MOSQUITOES WITH INSECTICIDES. Mosquito News 8: 26-27.

BUCKLEY, J. J. C.

1933. A NOTE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FILARIA OZZARDI IN CULICOIDES FURENS POEY. Jour. Helminthol. 11: 257-258.

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CARPENTER, S. J.

1951. STUDIES OF CULICOIDES IN THE PANAMA CANAL ZONE (DIPTERA, HELEIDAE). Mosquito News 11: 202-208.

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1920. OBSERVATIONS ON THE CERATOPOGONINE MIDGES OF THE GOLD COAST WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES. I-II. Ann. Trop. Med. and Parasitol. 14: 187-274, 5 plates.

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CIFERRI, R.

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1929. SUR UN GRUBYELLA PARASITE DE SIMULIDES, GRUBYELLA OCHOTERENAI N. SP. Ann. de Parasitol. Humaine et Compar. 7: 511-523.

COCKERELL, T. D. A.

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1901. NEW DIPTERA IN THE U.S. NATIONAL MUSEUM. U.S. Natl. Mus. Proc. 23: 593618.

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DAMPF, A.

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