Act III. sc. ii.; whilst the continuation of The Spanish Tragedy,' Act I. sc. iii., and its pendant, Act III. sc. i., would then have suggested the unstable feelings of King Richard. For despondency is followed by wrath, which in turn gives place to a revulsion of feeling; and the Viceroy's words dart forth, as it were, from his heart, without a moment's consideration, just like a child's, and in harmony with the "boyishness" of Richard's mind. In reading that scene I involuntarily think of Scroop's words :

Sweet love, I see, changing his property, Turns to the sourest and most deadly hate. There are several états d'âme in 'Richard II.' which may have had their prototypes in 'The Spanish Tragedy.' In utter despondency the Viceroy exclaims:

Let Fortune do her worst,
She will not rob me of this sable weed.

I. iii. 19, 20.

So Richard says:-
My crown I am; but still my griefs are mine:
You may my glories and my state depose,
But not my griefs; still am I king of those.

IV. i. 191-3.
Further on in that scene Richard exclaims:-
The shadow of my sorrow! ha! let's see:
"Tis very true, my grief lies all within;
And these external manners of laments
Are merely shadows to the unseen grief
That swells with silence in the tortured soul.

IV. i. 294-8.

So the Viceroy had before him said :......feed our sorrows with some inward sigh, For deepest cares break never into tears.

I. iii. 6, 7. A bold suggestion follows: Is the selfrebuke of the Viceroy (I. iii. 33-37) the speech in embryo of Gaunt which paled King Richard's cheek? Such rebuke had to be placed in another's mouth, since self-rebuke would have destroyed our pity for the King -a pity whose fountain-head is, in my opinion, his inability to comprehend the evil inherent in his arbitrary acts.

Now compare Lorenzo and Balthazar with Bolingbroke and Richard as contrasts of mental states. There is a certain wellorganized and limited fund of strength in Lorenzo, a certain practical turn of mind, a certain coldness and want of sentiment, which is suggestive of Bolingbroke. There is in Balthazar a certain yearning, and a habit of allowing his imagination to soar under the impulse of the senses, which reminds one of Richard. The general contrast in the characters of Bolingbroke and Richard is visible in the following

-extracts:

Lor. My lord, though Bellimperia seems thus
coy,
Let reason hold you in your wonted joy:
And she in time will fall from her disdain
And rue the suffrance of your friendly pain.
Bal. No, she is wilder, and more hard withal,
Than beast, or bird, or tree, or stony wall,
It is my fault, not she, that merits blame.
But wherefore blot I Belliniperia's name?

Yet might she love me for my valiancy.
Ay, but that's slandered by captivity.
Yet might she love me to content her sire.
Ay, but her reason masters his desire.
Six more such lines.

And doubt not but we'll find some remedy.
Lor. My lord, for my sake leave this ecstasy,
Some cause there is that lets you not be loved.
First that must needs be known and then removed.
What, if my sister love some other knight?
Bal. My summer's day will turn to winter's
night.*
Lor. I have already found a stratagem.

II. i. 1-40. Lor. Where words prevail not violence prevails. How likes Prince Balthazar this stratagem?

Bal. Both well and ill: it makes me glad and
sad-
Glad that I know the hind'rer of my love;
Sad, that I fear......&c. [several lines].
I think Horatio be my destined plague;
First, in his hand he brandished a sword,
And with that sword......[several lines].
Now in his mouth he carries pleasing words,
Which pleasing words do harbour sweet conceits,
Which sweets......[several lines].

But in his fall I'll tempt the destinies,
And either lose my life, or win my love.
Lor. Let's go, my lord: your staying stays revenge.
Do you but follow me, and gain your love;
Her favours must be won by his remove.
And not by long speeches !

II. i. 110-38.

4, Sydenham Villas, Cheltenham.

-

"TITTLE": ITS ETYMOLOGY. This word occurs twice in the New Testament (Matt. v. 18; Luke xvi. 17) as a rendering of the Greek kepala, for which the Vulgate has apex. So in Matt. v. 18 the Greek has ἰῶτα ἓν ἢ μία κεραία, in Vulgate " iota unum aut unus apex." The word is spelt "title" in the Authorized Version, ed. 1611, and "titel " in Wyclif's version, ed. 1388. In the modern copies of Luther's Bible the word is written "Titel"; but according to Büchmann, in 'Geflügelte Worte' (ed. 1905), p. 58, "In der Septemberbibel schreibt Luther tittle' d. i. Tüttel, Pünktchen." This, of course, would be a very good rendering of the original kepala, which is used in the two passages to signify one of the little strokes by which in Hebrew writing one letter differs from another. What, then, is the etymology of the "tittle" of our Bibles? In the dictionaries we find two explanations as, for instance, Richardson and Webster-suggest that the titel (tittle) of our English Bibles is identical with the Tüttel of Luther; while some-as Skeat and Annandale-put forward a Latin derivation for our tittle," proposing to identify it with a late Latin titulus. It is not very easy to decide between these two etymologies. It is very possible that we have in the above-mentioned forms representatives of two distinct words-a Latin and a German word. The Latin word may be titulus. It is true that we do not find

of the word. Some

*It is well to bear in mind that this unhistorical

interview had to be invented.

titulus in the sense of Kepaía, either in classical Latin or in the Latin of the Vulgate; but titulus must have had this sense in Romanic, as is proved by the Spanish tilde and the other forms cited by Diez (ed. 1878, p. 491). On the other hand, a German etymology is required for the tüttel (or tütel) of Luther. This word, according to Weigand and Kluge, is a diminutive form of German tütte, which means a teat or nipple. It is possible that the "titel" of Wyclif is Romanic and Latin, and that the "tittle" of the English Bible is due to the influence of Luther's rendering. A. L. MAYHEW.

SPLITTING FIELDS OF ICE.-At the close of his discursive and engaging essay 'A Good Word for Winter,' which stands second in the miscellany entitled 'My Study Windows,' Russell Lowell quotes the following passage from Wordsworth's 'Prelude,' i. 538 :—

And, interrupting oft that eager game,
From under Esthwaite's splitting fields of ice
The pent-up air, struggling to free itself,
Gave out to meadow grounds and hills a loud
Protracted yelling, like the noise of wolves
Howling in troops along the Bothnic Main.

"the

The essayist considers this to refer to stifled shriek of the lake as the frost throttles it," and adds that Thoreau " calls it admirably well a whoop.' • In his deduction he overlooks the gradual effects of what has been finely called "the silent ministry of frost," which does not throttle a lake, but with quiet insinuation subdues it under its adamantine with the growl and boom that come with the grasp. Wordsworth's description is concerned gentle influence of a decided thaw. It is when the ice is splitting, not when it is being formed, that the pent-up air roars into the Whoever has expansiveness of freedom. heard this phenomenal peal, as the writer has done, on a lonely moor at midnight, has encountered one of the most dismal and

thrilling cries of Nature. Russell Lowell, although he misinterprets the poet, had probably heard it, for he dexterously withdraws from the subject with the appropriate remark "it is a noise like none other, as if Demogorgon were moaning inarticulately THOMAS BAYNE. from under the earth."

that

was presented to the town in 1256 by Isabella, Countess of Devon, and it is in order that this much prized inheritance may be preserved unimpaired that periodical perambulations take place. At various places en route Mr. W. E. Williams read a proclamation as bailiff of the hundred, and there was much horse-play, during which the Mayor and the Head-Constable were thrown into the stream, When at last the source of the stream was reached davish hospitality was dispensed by the Mayor (Mr. H. Mudford), and old English sports were indulged in." EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

71, Brecknock Road.

CROWN STREET, SOHO.-With the demolition of Nos. 135 to 143, Charing Cross Road, we have lost the last group of buildings preserving the appearance of Crown Street, that ceased to exist when the present thoroughfare was completed in 1887. Originally Hog Lane, once known as Elde (old) Lane, it was a narrow winding lane, and "no doubt it derived its first name from the pigs that fed along its sides when it had green hedges and deep ditches on either side" (Old and New London,' vol. iii. p. 196). In 1762 it received a more dignified appellation from the 66 Rose and Crown" Tavern that stood at the corner of one of its side turnings, Rose Street.

Its most interesting building was the Greek Church, commenced in 1676, which, becoming a French Protestant chapel, was immortalized by Hogarth introducing it into his well-known picture 'Noon.' The actual doorway there depicted may still be seen on the south wall of St. Mary's Church, which occupies the site; and an inscription in Greek recording the original erection of the building is in its place over the west door.

A great deal of interesting matter relating to this building and its immediate surroundings was contributed to The Gentleman's Magazine, June, 1833 (vol. ciii. pp. 52-3), by Thos. Leverton Donaldson, Professor of Architecture at London University. I have his original MSS., but they differ so slightly from the printed text as not to be worth quoting. That excellent little volume Soho and its Associations,' edited by Mr. Clinch from Dr. Rimbault's MSS., deals exhaustively with the history of the church and its site, and this practically is all that constitutes the story of Crown Street. ALECK ABRAHAMS.

and 56 (then one house), and with him Hoole, the translator of Tasso. Reynolds resided here for two years after his arrival in Worlidge, an artist of

London.

celebrity, who was famous for his etchings in the manner of Rembrandt, died in this house in 1766. Richard Brinsley Sheridan lived in it for some years; many of the letters in Moore's Life of Sheridan' are addressed to him here. Mrs. Robinson, George IV.'s Perdita, appears to have lived in this house shortly after her marriage in 1773. She describes the house in her memoirs as "a large old-fashioned mansion...... the property of the widow of Mr. Worlidge"; but it is improbable that her husband, who the whole of the house. He was probably a was an attorney's clerk, could have occupied lodger. JOHN HEBB.

Queries.

WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct.

NELSON'S UNIFORM.-Do your readers know of any (accredited) portrait of Lord Nelson attired in a dark green, but otherwise apparently naval uniform, with cocked hat and wearing all his orders, and with both eyes uninjured? I have lately seen two such portraits, similar in every respect, except that one was painted on an old snuff-box (wooden), and the other was a painting on copper. Of course, one associates blue" with naval dress; but the portraits I have seen are certainly intended for Nelson, and are cleverly executed. But the green uniform is decidedly puzzling. H. H. H.

Folkestone.

DEN AND BRICE FAMILIES.-I am anxious

to discover something about the family of James Den or Denne. He was born in 1720, and married in 1754, in London, as his second wife, Margaret Brice, daughter of Hugh Brice, of......, by his wife Margaret Hippesley, daughter of John Hippesley, of Stone Easton, co. Somerset.

James Den had by his second marriage a daughter Catherine; she was born in 1760, and married in 1780 William Lygon, afterwards first Earl Beauchamp.

James Den died before 1780. He had a son who died (? drowned at sea) early in the nineteenth century-whether son of first or second marriage I do not know. Lady Beauchamp was sole executrix, Mrs. Den having died in 1808. Lady Beauchamp died in 1844.

The Den arms, which have never been registered, are Arg., three lions rampant sa., a chief or. The Brice arms are Sa., a griffin passant, wings addorsed, or.

There is no information in Dublin about James Den, nor was any will proved between 1760 and 1780 of any James Den who could have been the man, although there is a tradition he was Irish.

Perhaps a query in your valuable journal may produce some information as regards the Dens and the Brices. It is possible it has been tried before, as several people are, and have been for some time, trying to find out about James Den; but even in that case genealogical studies have so increased in the last few years that fresh information may be forthcoming. RAGLAN.

Government House, Isle of Man.

CHAPBOOKS AND BROADSIDES.-I have in my library a collection of chapbooks and broadsides published by the following printers: W. Brooke, Lincoln; A. & G. Swindells, 8, Hanging Bridge, Manchester; Willis, Old Churchyard, Manchester; Harkness, 121, Church Street, Preston; C. Warker, Bridge Street, Runcorn; W. Ford, York Street, Sheffield; Todd, Easingwold.

Any information concerning these printers, and the period covered by their work, would be highly appreciated by

R. F. BROTANEK,

Assistant Keeper of the Imperial Library. I. Josephsplatz, Vienna.

Lady Wellesley, Lady Stafford, and the Duchess of Leeds, respectively. He was in London from 1825 till 1839, and during that period painted Mrs. Hemans, several members of the Baring family, probably Samuel Rogers and Joseph Bonaparte. I am very anxious to obtain information about all of these portraits, and especially the names of their present owners, or of the galleries where the paintings are. West also painted various fancy subjects, from the writings of Washington Irving and others, and several of these pictures are said to have been exhibited at the Royal Academy. Particulars of these also will be greatly valued. J. H. INGRAM.

CLUB CUP.-Can you give me any assistance in finding out the history of some club (supposed) whose custom it was to drink out of cups in the shape of a hand in china, with a heart in the centre of the palm? The fingers and thumb are, of course, hollow, to hold the liquor, which would have to be drained at once, as the proper position of the cup, when standing, is with the wrist downward. A friend of mine has two such cups, and he is anxious to find out something of their history. If you by chance know of any club called the Heart and Hand, and could refer me to any book on the subject, I should be very much obliged. F. P. PENNY..

"VAULTING AMBITION."-I should like to

I. vii. 27 [31 Furness],

Vaulting ambition which o'er leaps itself, has ever been printed as follows,

Vaulting ambition which o'er leaps its selle, in some old accepted edition of the play; or whether selle for self is merely one of the emendations suggested by previous commentators (Singleton, perhaps) before the Cambridge editors issued their version. Can any Shakespeare student enlighten me on the subject? HENRY,

French translator of the Sonnets. [Such reading is, we believe, only conjectural, and is found in no early or authoritative edition.]

WILLIAM EDWARD WEST, an account of whose portraits of Shelley appears in The Century Magazine for October, and who painted a well-known portrait of Byron (of which some replicas are supposed to have been made), painted the portraits of several other notabilities. When in Paris, in 1824, he painted the Catons, afterwards

1529. It' for glovers shreddes vjd. [In the accounts of Roydon, Essex, for 1604, there is a similar payment for "wool glovers' shreds."] It' for caryeng of blood from bruge [Bridg1530. It' paid for hurting his rope xijd. north] xijd. 1533. It' John Barker & Ric' fflecher be chosen into light of halhallows. It' for y hoper for hopyng the gret vessell & 1534. It' for wax to Rondull' roodes vjd. makyng a weugh [wough?] ixd.

1535.

H. B. WALTERS.

REGISTERS OF ST. KITTS.-Are there any registers extant of the births, deaths, and since that island came into our possession ? marriages that have happened at St. Kitts GREGORY GRUSELIER. [See 9th S. xii. 455.]

SCALLIONS.-The lich-gate of the churchyard at Presteign, Radnorshire, bore some sixty years ago the name of "The Scallions," but having left there in childhood I cannot