Seagull, seagull, Sit on the strand; God help the poor sailors When they come to land, is a common Irish rhyme, and I think in many cases too true."-P. 628. ASTARTE. LAWSON'S 'NEW GUINEA.'-The following memorandum will be of some interest to bibliographers of travel. Early in the seventies there appeared, through Sampson Low & Co., Wanderings in the Interior of New Guinea,' by Capt. J. A. Lavson. I read it once, deeply interested, but with some misgivings. The book was reviewed at considerable length in The Athenaeum, in the very racy tone of that periol. New Guinea was then little known, and it was justifiable to suspend a final judgment on Capt. Lawson; but the reviewer went so far as to invite his readers to look upon he author as a clever fictionist. A fortnight later appeared the author's protest, defying his critic in terms which the latter met wih polite sarcasm. In another letter Capt. Lawson says: "Had it not been for the wish of my publishers I should not take noticed your reviewer." Reviewer now asks for the tiger-skins, and cannot further discuss he subject till they are produced. Capt. Mcesby appears next upon the scene, filling far columns in The Athenæum of 29 May, 175. He has never before heard of Capt. Lawson, although acting near Australia and New tuinea at the very period. Lawson presently esumes, undismayed by his rival's array of fets and comparisons of dates, and protests aainst Capt. Moresby reflecting upon the xploits of an explorer who has made discoveries as important as his own"; a due senseof modesty should have kept him silent, and o forth. On 4 November, 1876, The Athenæum noticed ancher wonderful book of adventure (Tinsley), Narrative of Travel and Sport in Burmah,Siam, and the Malay Peninsula, by John Badley. The reviewer-probably the same tat dealt with Capt. Lawsonwas candid. John Bradley" was prudent enough to bstain from the invitation of needless retrts from a writer who was evidently a pas-master in sarcasm. I have jut discovered that 'The Wandering Naturaist, a Story of Adventure (Remington, 1880), is a third Munchausen book by the ame author. Now, I hve always had Capt. Lawson lurking in acorner of my brain. It seemed as if I shoul certainly live to learn the truth about him. It has come. I was recently chatting with a friend, who gave me some ingenious stories of his native village in Huntingdonshire-Brampton, I think. There was one oddity, unfortunately a cripple, and unable to compete fairly in life with other young men, who dabbled in books when not educated, he had got as far as wandering about with a gun. Entirely self"Herodotus." He bethought himself to write a good book, and the product was "Wanderings in New Guinea, by Capt. John A. Lawson." EDWARD SMITH. Putney. Queries. WE must request correspondents desiring information on family matters of only private interest to affix their names and addresses to their queries, in order that answers may be sent to them direct. 66 66 PIG SWINE: HOG.-The word "pig" was known to Johnson only as meaning the young of a swine, a young sow or boar." This is still the only sense of pig" in many localities, where "a sow and her pigs" marks the distinction. But in literary English now pig" is generally substituted (euphemistically, I suppose) for swine, sow, or hog; and even in reference to wild swine or hogs one hears of pig-sticking, and the victims referred to as pigs." I have not observed any clear instance of this widened use of "pig" before the nineteenth century, and shall be glad of clear examples before 1840. 66 While writing of this, I may also mention that in the south of Scotland the generic name of the porcine animal is sow," of which "swine" is employed as the plural, on the analogy, I suppose, of cow, kine; "swine" is not there used as a singular, and hog, being applied to a sheep of a certain age, is not available. It would be interesting to know how far this extends locally, and indeed to know exactly how pig, sow, swine, hog, are distinguished in various parts of England. In Oxford I am told that bacon-pig is applied even to an animal of 4 cwt., which I should consider long past the pig estate, and call a bacon-hog. But exact distinctions of this kind are often very local, or restricted to those in the trade. J. A. H. MURRAY. the readers of the 'Life of Nelson' would not be displeased to see them filled up with a Monody on his Death, written while the event was yet recent, and commonly attributed to a gentleman high in office, and distinguished no less by his public services than his transcendant abilities. "To the 'Life' itself 'Ulm and Trafalgar' appears to form no unapt accompaniment. In both, the dying hero is seen with the same reverential admiration and love-in both, the same exalted use is made of the glory which he bequeathed to his country." Then follows, under the title of Ulm and Trafalgar,' a poem of 122 lines in riming decasyllabic couplets. The author's name is not given, although an extract of eight lines is placed on the title-page of each volume. Who was the author? Has the poem been published separately, or elsewhere? At the conclusion of the letterpress of the same second volume there are also printed the following lines, in the original Greek, and without accents: τοι μεν δαιμονες εισι, Διος μεγαλου δια βουλας, For gods they are, through high Jove's counsels good, G. B. F. ["Skirrick, sb., a particle, morsel, scrap. atom. Also used fig. Cf. scuddick, scurrick, sb., sherrick. In use Wm.,, Yks., Stf., Not., Lin, Nhp., Not., and in forms skerrig, skirrick, skirrack." See Eng. Dial. Dict.'] BOWES OF ELFORD.-I am desirous of obtaining some information respecting the above family. In 1st S. x. 348 a correspondent seems to imply that they were descendants of Sir Jerome Bowes, the ambassador to Russia, who died 1616, for he says, His [Sir Jerome's] family settled at Elford (co. Stafford) and Humberstone"; and at 5th S. vii. 418 the Boweses of Elford are spoken of as collateral descendants of Sir Jerome Bowes, "who claimed descent from the ancient stock of Bowes of Streatlam." In Harl. Soc. vol. i. p. 29 (Sir) Jerome Bowes is given as the second son of John Bowes of Hackney, and the grandson of John Bowes, "a sixth brother of the House of Bowes of......," and your correspondent at the first of the above references implies that the blank should be filled in with "Streatlam" and thinks it probable that Sir Jerome was a descendant of John Bowes, Speaker of the House of Commons 14 Henry VI. (A.D. 1436). of County of Durham,' p. 174, give an account Mackenzie and Ross, however, in Views of Gibside and its contents, amongst which was a portrait of Sir Martin Bowes, Lord Mayor of London 1545, who is described is a descendant of Bowes of York, Speaker of the House of Commons. tend to show that the Boweses of Elford and If both these statements are correct they Boweses of York both spring from the Boveses of Streatlam. I can, however, find n evidence that they do. I shall be grateful to any of your eaders who can inform me where I shall nd (α) proof of the descent of Sir Jerome Bowes from the Boweses of Streatlam; (of the descent of either Sir Jerome or Sir Martin descent of the Boweses of Elford orof their from John Bowes, the Speaker; ( of the namesakes of York from the Boeses of Streatlam; and (d) the lineage of the Boweses of Elford, the last male represenative of which was George Bowes, whse only daughter, Mary, married Craven Howard, grandson of the first Earl of Berk hire, and great-grandson of the first Earl of Suffolk. The Boweses of Elford do not appear to have kept Humberstone long in the family, for Nichols's "History of the County of Leicester,' vol. iii. p. 273, reords that Richard Bowes, son of Sir John Bowes of Elford, married Margaret, eldest daughter (and co-heiress with her sister Ezabeth) of Henry Keble of Humberstone, wh died 1571, and that Sir Edward King, second husband of Elizabeth, sold his wife's part o the manor of Humberstone to her sister Ma:,aret, wife of Richard Bowes, whose son, Joli Bowes of Elford, who married Anne, dughter of Robert Burdett of Bramcote, c. Warwick, sold Humberstone to Sir Henr Hastings, who died 1629, his son Henry inb riting. FRANCIS H RELTON. 9, Broughton Road, Thornton Hea h. "WHEN IN DOUBT-DON'T."-n an article on 'The Ethics of Falsehood a d Murder,' in The Morning Post of 19 ugust, Mr. Andrew Lang wrote: "The ly rule of morals is when in doubt-doit.'' From whom was he quoting? The do trine is old knew entire, and cannot identify the old Hartford, Connecticut, U.S. [The idea is taken from the well-known poem beginning "I sing a doleful tragedy: Guy Fawkes, that prince of sinisters," the whole of which we once heard sung by a famous West-Country duke.] MOZART. Who composed the English words put to the music of a Mass in G, commonly called the Twelfth, published by Novello under the name of Mozart? Novello does not know; Profs. Cummings and Stanford do not know; Grove is silent. Who does know? BROCKLEHURST. Giggleswick. PLANS OF LUCCA.-Are there in existence any plans of the city of Lucca, showing the streets, &c., in the fourteenth, fifteenth, and sixteenth centuries. The plan of Florence in Davidsohn's 'Forschungen' (part i.) is an example of what I should like to see. Q. V. 'POCULUM ELEVATUM.'-A composition with this title, by Dr. Arne, was published by the Royal Harmonic Institution, Argyll Rooms, 246, Regent Street, early in the nineteenth century. Had it been published elsewhere earlier? or is anything known of the original MS.? CENCI. MAXWELL BROWN: GOODSON.-Can any one kindly identify for me Edward Maxwell Brown and Charlotte Goodson, living in London in 1795 ? CHARLES SWYNNERTON. "SMITH" IN LATIN.-In The Athenæum of 24 December, 1904, p. 868, it was stated that marescallus was the Latin term for "smith or farrier.' In the Earsdon parish registers the term fabor ferrari is used for the same trade. Which is the correct term, or that more generally employed? F. R. N. HASWELL. [Faber ferrarius is known.] SIR WILLIAM H. DE LANCEY.-The widow of this distinguished soldier, mortally wounded at Waterloo, left an interesting account of his last days, now in the possession of one of the family see 'Recollections of Samuel Rogers,' p. 210; and Dict. of Nat. Biography.' Has this MS. been ever published, wholly or in part? S. W. O. with the same chorus, and credits it as I am told there was a vocalized edition published at Bombay about a quarter of a century ago, but have failed to trace it. All the editions I can find in London are unpointed. There is a small Arabic chrestomathy, published at Lahore in 1896, called Tuhfat al Adab,' which contains a few of the shorter stories with points; and there is a charming edition of Zeyn Alasnam,' by Florence Groff, Paris, 1889, which is fully vocalized; but I know of nothing else. JAS. PLATT, Jun. THE LYCEUM THEATRE.-Can any reader of 'N. & Q' tell me at what date the Lyceum was a Roman Catholic chapel ? In 'Old Time Aldwych, Kingsway, and Neighbourhood,' by Charles Gordon, it is stated on p. 197 that "at one time it was a School of Defence, at another a Roman Catholic Chapel.' So far I have been unable to find any record of this. Dr. Newman and the Fathers of the Oratory were in King William Street in the forties, but that was many years afterwards. This would be about 1810 or thereabouts, I conjecture; but a Catholic Directory of that date makes no mention of it. FREDERICK T. HIBGAME. [The authority for the statement in 'Old Time Aldwych' appears to be E. L. Blanchard. See The Player's Portfolio,' Era Almanack, 1875, p. 1.] ROMNEY PORTRAIT.-Mrs. Anna Eliza Bray writes in her Autobiography,' edited by John A. Kempe (Chapman & Hall, 1884), referring to the second wife of her grandfather, Nicholas Kempe : "I must mention that he was lucky in his choice of wives, for when pretty well advanced in years he took for his second spouse a young and celebrated beauty. That her celebrity in this particular was well deserved I can myself attest, having seen an admirable life-size portrait of her with a pug-dog on her lap. This was painted in the days of her youth and loveliness by Romney, who declared her to be one of the greatest beauties that had ever sat for his canvas, and accordingly bestowed unusual pains upon the picture." Who was this lady and where is the por trait now? 1785-6 this area was ecclesiastical property, forming, it is said, the endowment of the prebend of Kentish Town, or Cantlers, in St. Paul's Cathedral; and as a good deal is now being heard and said regarding the alienation of tithes and other Church property, it would be interesting to inquirer into this subject to know how this valuabl estate ceased to be ecclesiastical property. F. DE H. L. AUTHORS OF SONGS WANTED.-What were the words of the songs Why, Soldiers, Why?' and 'Immortal was his Soul,' and ly whom were they written? ARTHUR HOUSTON 22, Lancaster Gate, W. KINGSWAY AND ALDWYCH. (10th S. iv. 361.) MR. RUTTON'S note pleasantly recals to our recollection the vast improvements that have been effected in London since Pincus was Consul sixty-five years ago. Of those that he enumerates, the formation o New Oxford Street was perhaps the earliet. In connecting Oxford Street with Holbon, this thoroughfare made a clearance of the worst rookery in St. Giles's, which in corse of hospital vineyard, on a corner of wheh had time had gained a footing on the sit of the been built one of the many Vine Steets of London. Any one travelling dow New Oxford Street on the top of an omnius will notice that it was built with an eye to architectural uniformity, although te lapse of years has caused deviations fom the original plan as marked as those ir Regent Street. Further eastward the Holborn Viaduct has facilitated transit to degree hardly realized by the younger geeration. During the whole of 1859 I was a clek in the old East India House in Leadenhal Street, and as it was my practice to walk every have a lively recollection of the siff climb evening to my home in the N.W. istrict, I up Holborn Hill. I took my reveng when I witnessed the opening of the Viadut by her late Gracious Majesty in November 1869. Kingsway and Aldwych, as MR RUTTON points out, restore to us historic naies. The loss of Kingsgate Street, with its nemories of King James I. and that not issimilar person Sarah Gamp, may arouse a sentimental regret, and it would be a grceful act on the part of the London County Council to affix a tablet showing where the cd King's Gate formerly stood. In Faithore's map, 1 1658, it is depicted as a kind of five-barred gate, with the exception that it has only three bars; and the same gate is shown in Porter's map, 1660. In Morden and Lea's fine map of 1682 it has disappeared, as Theobalds had then ceased to be a royal"little close called Old Witch, which had residence, and the road was thrown open to the public, though it was still used by royalty on its way to Newmarket. And, as we see from the same map, the road branching to the east was still called "The Kings Way," and this royal appellation survived till recent times. In the 1732 edition of the same map the road is styled "Theobalds Row or Kings Way," but subsequently a distinction was made, Theobalds Row extending as far as Bedford Row, and King's Way onwards as far as Gray's Inn Lane. The later changes of name have been given by MR. RUTTON. Mr. Wheatley, under 'Kingsgate Street' (London Past and Present,' ii. 346), quotes from the MS. Accounts of the Surveyor of the Ways to the Crown, 1681-4, a couple of entries relating to "the King's Gate at Gray's Inn Lane end"; but as Gray's Inn Lane is considerably to the eastward of Kingsgate Street, these entries must refer to another gate, which I have not seen marked on any map. The historical associations of the district traversed by the new thoroughfare were lightly touched upon by me in a paper under the heading 'From Holborn to the Strand' (9th S. ii. 81), which was written when the project in its present shape was finally decided on. There was a slight mistake* in this paper, which I am glad to take this opportunity of correcting. The concessionnaire of Clare Market was not John Holles, first Earl of Clare, who died in 1637, but his son John, second Earl (ob. 1665), who, under the "Act for the Preventing of the Multiplicity of Buildings in and about the Suburbs of London," 1656, received a licence to hold in Clement's Inn Fields a common, free, and open market. The new Aldwych only touches the fringe of the district of that name, which extended from the Strand to Holborn, and was divided into two nearly equal portions, the southern one being in the parish of St. Clement's Danes, and the northern in that of St. Giles's in the Fields. This northern half at the beginning of the seventeenth century was an open space, covering two acres, and known as Oldwick, Oldwich, or Old Witch Close, which was bounded on the north by Great Queen Street, on the west by This mistake occurs in London Past and Present' and other topographical works. Drury Lane, on the south by Princes and Duke Streets, and on the east by Lincoln's Inn Fields. In 1629 the inhabitants of these streets petitioned the king to the effect that certain people had attempted to build on the always lain open, free to all persons to walk therein, and sweet and wholesome for the King and his servants to pass towards Theobalds." The petitioners were quite prepared to lease the close, and plant trees on it, if only the meditated buildings might be stopped; but notwithstanding that Inigo Jones and others, to whom the petition was referred, reported that the erection of buildings would tend to defeat the king's intention declared in his proclamation and commission for buildings, a licence was granted to Sir Edward Stradling to build upon the ground, and within a very few years, as we can see from Faithorne's map, it was covered with houses.* The property afterwards came into the possession of the Weld family, and it would be a concession to historical truth if the County Council could see its way to alter the meaningless name of Great Wild Street, which was the principal thoroughfare running through the estate, into its original designation of Weld Street. It may be noted for future reference that Kingsway was opened for public traffic on Thursday, 26 October, 1905, and that omnibuses and other vehicles began on that date to run through the whole length of the street. The breadth of the roadway has probably prevented the formation of any of the open spaces for which, like the frontagers of Old Witch Close, I pleaded in my note of 1898. W. F. PRIDEAUX. [Further replies next week.] NELSON'S SIGNAL (10th S. iv. 321, 370).—I need say nothing about positiveness, as PROF. LAUGHTON is vigorous in that line too. Thompson's letter, however, does not make its evidence to date eighty years after the battle, but carries us straight to the very deck of the Victory at the crucial moment. Thompson's father had more than once heard Browne tell the story. Of course he had. Browne was proud of the tale, and had often told it— always told it, in fact, whenever he got a chance. The ships' logs in some instances give the code numbers, PROF. LAUGHTON tells us. “In some instances." Well, do they give it in this? If they do not, there is no evidence at all. If |