Ignorance of children of the working Injurious effects of 14 Car. 2. c. 12.
classes, 29.
of criminals, 30.
of pauper children, 24.
Illegitimate births in agricultural and
manufacturing counties, proportion
as to the average of England of,
121, 392.
in town and country districts
of France, number of, 122.
in town and country pro-
vinces of Austria, number of, 122.
children in workhouses in agri-
cultural and manufacturing counties,
number of paupers and of, 120. 393.
Increase in price of wheat previous to
14 Car. 2. c. 12. (1654-62), 228.
previous to 35 Geo. 3. c.
101. (1792-96), 254.
Increase in rent of land in England, 64.
in value of agricultural districts,
in value of property in city of
London, 40 n.
In-door and out-door paupers, and ex-
penditure for relief in Birmingham,
number of, 72. 390.
- in the Stockport Union, num-
ber of (1841-43), 325.
In-door and out-door paupers in agri-
cultural counties, number of, 78.
in England, number of, 7.
in manufacturing towns,
number of, 12. 378.
in rich and poor parishes of
London, number of, 41. 384.
per day, in each union or
parish in London, number of, 35.
Inequalities of poor-rate, union settle-
ment and union rating would remove
some existing, 329.; but would in-
volve great interference with exist-
ing rights, 330.
Inequality of average poor-rate of
unions, 331.; Darlington and Reeth,
ib.; Dursley and Tewkesbury, ib.;
Haltwhistle and Newcastle, ib.
of pauperism and poor-rate in
London, 37.
of poor-rate in the west district
of London, 39.
of poor-rates in unions; Aln-
wick, 332.; Bedford, ib.; Colches-
ter, 282.; Worksop, 300, 397.
Infanticide now prevalent in England,
-largely prevailed in ancient Rome,
137.
Irremovability under 9 & 10 Vict. c.
66. is a mitigation for the poor, and
a great change for the ratepayers,
277.; but in some parishes it has
aggravated the evils of the condi-
tion of the poor, 285.
under 9 & 10 Vict. c. 66., effect
on towns of, 278.; on close parishes,
279.
under 9 & 10 Vict. c. 66., land-
owners and manufacturers have built
cottages in adjoining parishes in con-
sequence of, 283.
under 9 & 10 Vict. c. 66., origin
of, 275.
Irremovable under 9 & 10 Vict. c. 66.
are a union charge, paupers, 278.
352.
James II., increase of pauperism dur-Labourer, hopeless condition of English,
ing the reigns of Charles II. and, 235.
Jerome, St. 143, 149.
de Joinville, J. 152.
de Jonnès, Moreau, 21. 68. 121, 122.
Justellus, 142.
Justice, 3 W. & M. c. 11., allowed re-
lief to be given by authority under
the hand of a, 238.; this partially
altered by 9 Geo. 1. c. 7, 245.
law of settlement deprives the, of
all motive for prudence and improve-
ment, 257. 305. 309.
law of settlement makes the, a
bondsman, S05, 309.
union settlement would produce
no substantial improvement in con-
dition of, 333.
might order relief to be given by Labourers in agricultural counties,
55 Geo. 3. c. 137., 260.
Justices in sessions were to persuade
persons to give, and if ineffectual, to
tax them for relief of the poor, by
5 Eliz. c. 3., 189.
might give licences to beg out of
the parish, 191. 197.
of Berkshire, Resolutions of, adopt-
ing the allowance system, 257.
of each division were to settle the
poor and to tax the inhabitants of
the division for their relief by 14
Eliz. c. 5., 194.
of Hampshire, Report of, in fa-
vour of increased cottage accommo-
dation (1795), 251.
of Suffolk, Regulations made by,
for the House of Correction, 202.
Justinian, 140, 141. 167.
provision for the poor was asso-
ciated with ecclesiastical institutions
by, 140.
Juvenal, 19. 22. 257.
Juvenile criminals, proportion of, to
population in agricultural counties,
88.
Kay, J. 116 n.
Kemble, J. M. 90 n.
Kennett, Bishop, 178 n.
Kenyon, Lord, 345 n.
Knatchbull's Act, Sir E. 223.
Kossuth's praise of provision for edu-
cation in the United States, 114.
Laboulaye, E. 168 n.
Labour, effects of law of settlement on
distribution and wages of, 303. 309.
-, on repeal of law of settlement the
circulation of, will be greatly in-
creased, 362.
Labourer, by 14 Car. 2. c. 12. the,
again became the slave of the land,
number of occupiers and, 66.
-, oppression of the free, by the
Statute of Labourers and afterwards,
162.
suffer greatly from want of cot-
tage accominodation, 247. 288, 290.
300.
the plague of 1348 greatly reduced
the number of, in England, 161.
Lactantius, 137.
Lambarde, 196 n. 201. 218.
Land and landowner, burdens and pri-
vileges of, will have ample consider-
ation in parliament, in any repartition
of general taxation, 339.
diminution in number of small
proprietors of, in England, 250.
is in large properties in the agri-
cultural counties, 128.
large properties of, in the Roman
Empire, 170.
Lord Bacon's opinion in favour
of small properties of, 214.; Henry
VII.'s., ib.
per head on population in agri-
cultural and manufacturing counties
and England, acres of, 70. 388.
per head on population in Orkney
and Sutherland, acres of, 386.
Landowners are aware of the necessity
of providing better cottage accom-
modation, some, 289. 291.
great number of, in England, be-
fore the reign of Henry VII., 168.;
in 17th century, 250.
have built cottages in adjoining
parishes in consequence of 9 & 10
Vict. c. 66., some, 283.
—, neglect of, to promote education,
in agricultural counties, number
of, 68.
providing decent cottages, effect
of, 301.
Lands were held of the Crown for elee-
mosynary purposes, 158.
difference between peasant pro- Lanfranc, 156 n.
prietor and English, 129.
Langham Register, The," 155 n.
Latimer, Bishop, 178 n.
de Laurière E. 165 n. 234 n.
Lawn, Mr. 62n.
Leo XII., Pope, 209.
Lewis, Mr. Cornewall, 343 n.
Licences to beg out of the parish, jus-
tices might give, 191. 197.
Livesey, Mr. J. 334.
"Livres de Jostice et de Plet, Li,"
165 n.
Local causes have thrown unequal bur-
dens of poor-rate on neighbouring
places, 281.
Locke, John, 235.
Locré, Baron, 201 n.
London, amount of out-door relief in,
54. 56.
and England, average mortality
in agricultural and manufacturing
counties, 69. 388.
and in agricultural counties, rate
per head on population of expendi-
ture for relief in, 74. 79.
paupers per day in each union or
parish in, 35. 41. 382.
London, plague of, mortality among
the poor during the, 162 n.
—, population and number of houses
in city of, 40. 383.
—, population, net rental, and ex-
penditure for relief in each union
or parish, and in Registrar Gene-
ral's districts in, 34. 381.
net rental, expenditure for re-
lief, &c. in agricultural unions and
eastern district of, 75. 389.
-, Reports of Poor Law Board do
not give number of poor in, 35.
unions, population, net rental and
rate of net rental per head on popu-
lation in the city of, and east and
west, 40. 383.
Long, R. 320 n.
Louis of France, St., constitution of,
350 n.
-, great numbers of poor relieved
by, 151.
and Paris, comparison of pauper- Louis the Debonnaire, 154.
ism in, 53.
Louis XVI. of France, edict of, 255.
—, charities in, 33.; income of ib. Low, S. 33. 380.
380.
"London City Magazine" (Jan. 1851),
dwellings of the poor in, 46. 50.
fever among the poor in, 48.;
deaths from, 49 n.
increase in population as com-
pared with houses in different parts
of, 51.384.
increase in value of property in
city of, 40 n.
inequality of pauperism and poor
rate in, 37.
inequality of poor rate in the
west district of, 39.
mortality in, 43.
, mortality of paupers in, 44.
of the poor in, 43. 52.; ex-
ternal causes of, 45,
-, net rental and expenditure for
relief in the poorer districts of, 38.
383.
—, number and education of persons
charged with drunkenness in, 103.
number of able-bodied adult
paupers in, 42.
number of deaths from cholera
in different districts of, 46. 384.
—, number of in-door and out-door
paupers in rich and poor parishes
of, 41. 384.
Loysel, Antoine, 233 n.
Lucretius, 272.
Lunacy, Report of Commissioners in.
See" Commissioners."
Lunatic and idiot paupers chargeable
to the Whitechapel Union, number
of, 367. 402.
in agricultural and manufac-
turing counties, Middlesex, Surrey,
and England, number of, 126. 394.
Lunatic Asylum at Clifton, productive
labour is found to be advantageous
at, 368.
paupers to state, Sir C. Wood's
proposal to transfer part of the
charge of, 353.; it was illusory for
good, and involved a disregard of
prescriptive obligation and local
government, 354.; insufficiency of
argument in support of it, ib.
Lunatics, detaining any, in workhouses
very injurious, 366.
Lyell, Sir Charles, 107. 111. 112.
Lyndwood, 154n. 156 n.
Macaulay, T. B. 145. 251.
M'Culloch, J. R. 43 n. 68. 69.
Mackworth, Sir H. 243.
M'Neill, Sir John, 331. 343. 346 n.
354 n.
number of in-door and out-door Madox, Thomas, 159. 164.
Magentu, P. 147.
Maitland, W. 211 n.
Malmesbury, Earl of, proposal of
special income tax by, 346.; it
would relieve the landowner of three
fourths of present burden, and is
open to
every objection against
general property tax, 347.
Manchester, Bishop of, 30.
-, expense of pauperism and crime
in, 108.
Mandeville, B. 244.
Mansfield, Lord, 345 n.
Manufacturers have built cottages in
adjoining parishes in consequence
of 9 & 10 Vict. c. 66., some, 283.
Manufacturing and commercial dis-
tricts in other countries are more
burdened with pauperism, than agri-
cultural districts, 58.; France, 60.;
Scotland, 60.; Wurtemburg, 61.
counties, agricultural and. See
Agricultural and manufacturing."
counties, charities in, 71.
number of paupers in, 76.
selected, 65.
towns, number of in-door and
out-door paupers in, 12. 378.
Manumission. See "Enfranchised."
Marnier, M. A. G. 350 n.
Marriage register with marks, pro-
portion as to the average of England
of men who sign the, in agricultural
and manufacturing counties, 89.
Massachusetts, excess of State's poor
in, caused to a great extent by the
State's provision, 353.
suffers more from pauperism than
any other of the United States, 352.
Matisconense, Concilium, 144 n.
Maxwell, Dr. 368 n.
Men receiving relief on one day and
during the half year, number of able-
bodied, 18.
Metropolis. See "London."
Monastery had an adjoining poor house,
each, 156.
Money orders may easily be substi-
tuted for removals, and would be
advantageous, 316.
relief under, may be apportioned
between parishes of settlement and
residence, 318.
substitutition of, might cause
poor to apply for relief in some
cases, 319.
Monteagle, Lord, 63 n.
Montesquieu, 161. 198 n.
More, Sir Thomas, 171.
Moreau de Jonnès. See "de Jonnès."
Morell, J. D. 89.
Morichini, Bishop, 147 n. 208. 240 m.
Mortality among the poor from the
plague in Florence, 161 n.
among the poor in Ireland during
1846-51, 162 n.
among the poor during the plague
of London, 162 n.
in agricultural and manufactur-
ing counties, London and England,
average, 69. 388.
in Europe from the plague in
1348, 161 n.
in London, 43.
in Paris, 52.
of paupers in Glasgow, 45.
of paupers in London, 44.
of the poor, 45. 396.; external
causes of, ib.
of the poor in London, 43. 52.
Moseley, Rev. H. 29.
Multifariousness of laws as to settle-
ment and removal, 266.
Myrror of Justice, 155.
Names of places, Paganism traced in
existing, 90 n.
Middle classes, ignorance among the, National Convention of France, de-
Milton, 52. 57. 58. 339.
Mines, Select Committee of House of
Lords resolved in favour of rating
all, 359.
Minutes of the Committee of Council
on Education. See "Committee."
Mitchell, Rev. M. 91, 92. 296.
Mittermaier and Zacharia, 99 n.
claration of (1793), 198.
National rate on real property, pro-
posal of, 343.; it would strike a
fatal blow at local government and
increase pauperism, ib.
workhouses, the institution of,
in 1795, would have swallowed up
much of the capital of the country,
Navy, effects of intemperance in the
army and, 105.
Necessity of repeal of law of settle-
ment, 308. 310. 312, 314.
Neglect to carry out provisions of 43
Eliz. c. 2., 220, probably the cause
of 14 Car. 2. c. 12., 226. 228.
to carry out vagrant law, 39 Eliz.
c. 4., 224; in 1847 and 1848, 226.
Neison, F. G. P. 102.
Net-rental and expenditure for relief in
the parishes in Wilts in which poor
rate is under 6d. in £. 360. 401.
and expenditure for relief in the
poorer districts of London, 38. 383.
as assessed for different purposes,
tithe commutation rent charge, and
expenditure for relief in thirteen
parishes in Bedfordshire, 348, 398.
expenditure for relief, and
amount of poor rate in forty
parishes in Dorset, Norfolk, Sussex,
and Wilts, 360. 399. 400.
-, expenditure for relief,
amount of poor rate in the parishes
of the Worksop Union, 300. 397.
of real estate per head on popu-
lation in agricultural and manufac-
turing counties, population, value of
property and, 66. 69.
-, population and expenditure for
relief in each union or parish, and in
Registrar General's districts in Lon-
don, 34. 381.
—, population and expenditure for
relief &c. in agricultural unions and
eastern district of London, 75. 389.
—, population and rate of net rental
per head on population in the City
of, and East and West London
Unions, 40. 383.
Newcastle Union, average poor rate
of, 331.
Nicholls, Report of G. 129.
Nicolai, 386.
Nottingham during distress in 1837-
38, number of removals from, 323.
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Origin of tithes, provision for the
poor was the chief, 135, 142.
Orkney, acres of land per head on
population in, 386.
Orleans, Council of (A.D. 511), 146.
148. 152 n.
Orosius, 124 n.
Orphan children in workhouses, num-
ber of, 21.
Out-door paupers in England, number
of, 7. 10.
in London, 37. 56.
per day, number of, and number
during the summer half-year in, and
population of thirty unions, 11.
375.; forms of returns by which
these numbers were obtained, 376.
377.
See "In-door and out-door."
Out-door relief in London, amount of,
54. 56.
number of able-bodied adult
paupers and total number of paupers
receiving, 18. 378.
-, number of widows and total num-
ber of paupers receiving, 20. 380.
Overseers, ignorance among, 93.
had misapplied the parish funds
previous to 3 W. & M. c. 11., 237.
Ovid, 213.
Oxford, Council of, 156.
Paganism traced in existing names of
places, 90 n.
Parentage, settlement by, founded on
erroneous construction of 14 Car. 2
c. 12., 269.
Paris, comparison of pauperism in
London and, 53.
dwellings of the poor in, 52.
-, expenditure for secours à domi-
cile in, 54.
—, mortality in, 52.
-, number of poor receiving secours
à domicile in, 20. 56. 379.
Parish officers and two justices might
grant certificates to settled paupers
to remove into other parishes by 8 &
9 Will. 3. c. 30., 238.; they became
practically useless by 35 Geo. 3. c.
101., 252.
Parishes frequently save by not re-
moving paupers, 327.
in which poor rates are extremely
high or low are for the most part
small, 360.
-to purchase or hire workhouses,
9 Geo. 1. c. 7. authorised, 246.
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