3246 French Declaration of War against Portugal. A Such conduct leaving no doubt concerning the King of Portugal's true intentions, the king and the Catholic king could confider him, from that time, only as a direct and perfonal enemy, who under the artful pretext of a neutrality which would not be obferved, would deliver up his ports to the difpofal of the English, to ferve for B fheltering places for their fhips, and to enable thein to hurt France and Spain with more fecurity, and with more effect. Nevertheless, his majesty and his Catholic majefty thought it their duty of indifference that bordered on derifion. At the fame time, the court of Lion, pretending to be ignorant that fovereigns who hold their rank of their birth only and the dignity of their crown, can never permit, under any pretext, any potentate to attempt to infringe prerogatives and rights belonging to the antiquity and majesty of their throne, hath pretended to eftablish, without distinction, an alternative of precedence between all the ambassadors and foreign ministers about the king of Portugal. The king, being informed by his ambaffador, of the notification that had been made to him of this extraordinary and unexampled regulation, fignified in writing to the molt Faithful king, his juft diffatisfaction; and his majefty de to keep meatures with the melt Faith-cclared that he would never fufer any ful king; and if the Spanish troops have entered Portugal, this invasion, which was become indifenfably ne ceffery, was not accompanied with any declaration of war; and the troops have behaved with all the circumfpection that could be required even in a friendly and neutral ffate. D All this moderation hath been thrown away: The king of Portugal hath just now declared war in form a gainst France and Spain. This unexpected step forced the Catholic king to make the like declaration againit Portugal; and the king [of France] E can no longer defer taking the fame refolution. Independent of the motives which are common to the two monarchs, ench hath feparate grievances to alJedge against Portugal, which of themfeltes would be fufficient to justify the extremity to which their majefties fee themselves with regret obliged to proceed. Every one knows the unjuft and violent attack made by the English in 1759, on fome of the French king's kips under the cannon of the Portuguile forts at Lagos. His majetty demanded of the molt Faithful king to procure him reftitution of thofe fhips: but that prince's minifters, in contempt of what was due to the rules of juftice, the laws of the fea, the lovereignty and territory of their maker (all which were indecently violated by the molt fcandalous intraction of the 14ghts of fovereigns andet nations) in answer to the epeated requisitions of the kine's ambaffador on this head, made only vage fpeeches with an air F G attempt to be made to diminith the right effentially inherent in the reprefentative character with which he is pleated to honour his ambaladors and musilters. However jufly the king was authored to exprefs, at that time, his difpleature on account of thefe grievances, and feveral other fubjects of complaint which he had received from the court of Portugal, his majesty contented himself with recalling his amballador, and continued to keep up a correfpondence with the most Faithful king, which he very fincerely defired to render more intimate and more lafting. That prince, therefore, can only blame himself for the calamities of a war, which he ought, on every account, to have avoided, and which he hath been the first to declare. His offers to observe a ftrict neu-" trality might have been liftened to by the king and the Catholic king, if paft experience had not taught them to guard against the illufion and danger of fuch propofals. In the beginning of the prefent century, the court of Lisbon was very forward to acknowledge King Philip V. of glorious memory, and contracted formal engagements with France and Spain. Peter II. who at that time filled the throne of Portugal, feemed to enter cordially into the alliance of the two crowns: but after diflembling his fecret intentions, for three years, `hẹ broke all his promifes, and the neutrality which he had afterwards follicited, and which in a letter to the Repablic of the United Provinces, he had even advifed King of Spain's Order to the Viceroy of Navarre. advised her to embrace, and joined the 325 prejudice) have carried their barbaenemies of France and Spain. Therity to fuch extremities, as to cut off fame confidence, and the fame fecurity, on the part of the two crowns, in the prefent ftate of things, would undoubtedly have been followed by the like defection in the court of Lisbon. United to the Catholic king by A indiffoluble fentiments of tender friendship and common interefts, the king hopes that your united efforts will be favoured by the God of Hofts, and will in the end compel the king of Portugal to conduct himself on principles more conformable to found policy, the good of his people, and the ties of blood which unite him to his majefty and his Catholic majefty. B D The king commands and enjoins all his subjects, vaffels, and fervants, to fall upon the fubjects of the king of Portugal; and exprefsly prohibits them. from having any communication, C commerce, or intelligence with them, on pain of death; and accordingly his majesty hath from this date revoked, and hereby revokes, all licences, pafl ports, fafeguards, and fafe-conducts contrary to thefe prefents, that may have been granted by him or his lieutenant generals, and other officers; declaring them null and void; and to no effect; and forbidding all perfons to pay any regard thereto. And whereas, in contempt of the XVth article of the treaty of peace between France and Portugal, figned at Utrecht, April 11, 1713 (and by which it is ex- E prefsly ftipulated, That in cafe of a rupture between the two crowns, the space of fix months fhall be granted their fubjects refpectively, to fell or remove their effects, and withdraw their perfons (if they think fit') the king of Portugal hath just now ordered, that all the French who are in his kingdom fhould leave it F in the fpace of 15 days, and that their effects thall be confifcated and fequeftrated; his majesty, by way of just reprifals, commands, that all the Portuguese in his dominions, hall, in like manner, leave them within the fpace of 15 days from the date hereof, and that all their effects fhall be confifcated. On June 25, the King of Spain fent to the Viceroy of Navarre, and to the governors of the provinces of Spain, an order in the following terms: "Since the Portuguese, through an inveterate hatred for the Spanish name (a hatred founded only on hereditary the ears and notes, or in other cruel. manner to mutilate feveral Spaniards who were leaving Portugal, in confe quence of the declaration of war, who are arrived on our frontiers thus mutilated and disfigured; and as the Portuguese government has endeavoured to fake, by motives of intereft, that fidelity and love which good fubjects owe their country, by publishing, on the 17th, at Yelves, and without doubt through all their frontiers, that any Spaniard banished from Spain, who would retire with his wealth to Portugal, fhould enjoy all forts of franchi.` fes, and be treated as a native there: Although his majefty believes that he has no fubject fo unworthy the name of a Spaniard as to be tempted by fuch offers; if, however, there should be any one fo bafe, be it known to him. from this hour, that if he should at any time return to Spain, ne fhall fuffer the infamy and punishment due to traitors and deferters of their country. His majesty orders you to publith the prefent edict throughout your jurifdiction. D. RICARDO WALL." Political Papers continued. See p. 319 HE AUDITOR, No. VI, contains fome animadverfions on the affertion, that America was conquered in Germany. He obferves, that if this expreffion means any thing, it means that our troops made a diverfion of the French arms, by finding them employment in Germany, and thus facilitated the conquest of America, which we should not have effected if France had been left at literty to exert her whole force in its defence: But he obferves, that in this fenfe it is not true, because we did. not go into Germany to draw France after us, but went thither because the was there before us: We went thither also because his late majesty had a tenderness for his foreign dominions, and because a certain minifter, who, when he was out, declared, "That "not a fingle guinea, not a fingle "drop of British blood fhould with "his confent be spent in the gulph " of Germany, and that a continental T war was a milftone about the neck "of a British miniftry, which would, H" one time or other, plunge them to "the bottom," had, when he was in, a mind to ingratiate himself with a master whose character, family, and ter 326 A future Chronicle.-The late Refignations. The NORTH BRITON, No. VII, contains a fuppofed future chronicle, under the title of the Nova Scotia Intelligencer, of which the following is B a fufficient fpecimen : Yefterday morning the two new raised regiments of Highland guards were reviewed in Hyde Park by his grace the Duke of Inverness, who was pleafed to fay, "They kenn'd their "bufinefs right weel, and went thro' "their exercife very connily." Several diforderly persons were yelterday taken into cuftody, being charged with drinking the glorious memory of King William, confufion to the Stuarts, and divers other treasonable toafts. The managers of both theatres have received orders to lay afide the cultom of reprefenting the tragedy of Tamerlane on King William's birth-day, and inftead thereof to entertain the public on that occafion with Hume's Doug. las, Smollet's Regicide, and the Gentle Shepherd. Strict orders are iffued forth to prohibit the ufe of calves or cods heads from the 29th to the 31st of January, both exclufive. C D E highest degree of Caledonian purity. To enumerate his grace's virtues would require the pen of a Macpherson or a Lauder; however, we have the pleasure to affure the public, that a beautiful elegy on the melancholy death is promifed, as foon as the paroxyfm of grief fhall have fubfided, by the ingenious gentleman who choo fes to diftinguish himself by the title of the BRITON. Some time fince died Mr John Bull, a very worthy, plain, honest, old gentleman, of Saxon defcent; he was choaked by inadvertently fwallowing a thistle, which he had placed by way of ornament on the top of his fallad. For many years before he had enjoyed a remarkably good state of health. The MONITOR, July 17, contains a farther parallel between the prefent time, and the laft three years of Queen Anne. When there was a clamour a gainit continuing the war, and our fucceffes were reprefented as injurious to our country, and when the advantages we had gained by thofe fucceffes were infamously given up by a ruinous peace. The BRITON, No. VIII, among other things obferves, in answer to the North Briton, No. VI, that England would be as blind and undifcerning as he would wish to make them, if he imagines that they will fwallow his infinuation, that the prefent m-r is fupported by Mr F-x, and Mr G-lle, or, that thefe three engross the whole administration. No doubt, they will feverely feel the lofs of the d-of N-e, whole fuperlative wisdom had fo long fuftained the majesty of the Britifb throne, given vigour to the conduct and reputation to the councils of his f-n, whofe exceeding merit is fo pathetically celebrated by the chief emiffary of his grace's quondam rival; but, neither the illuftrious P-tt, the ferene T-le, nor the ftupendous N-le, Ghas swept away one of his fellow.counfellors in his retreat. Not a fingle member followed their fortunes; no convulfion attended their removal. The two kings of Brentford were not more quietly depofed. The throne is Hill furrounded, and the councils of his majesty are upheld by the nobles of the realm: the great officers of ftate; by the ability and integrity of a Henley; the genius, knowledge, and experience of a Granville; the extenfive capacity and untainted probity of Last night, to the unspeakable lofs of the public, died the most high, F moft puiffant, and most noble prince, John, Duke of Peebles, knight of the moft noble order of the garter, &c. &c, His grace had for many years prefided at the board of treafury, with equal ability and integrity. To him we are indebted for the improvement of our knowledge, the refinement of our tate, and the elegance of our manners. Such was his grace's early af fection for this country, that even in the infancy of his adminiftration he prevailed on numbers of his accomplished countrymen to leave their native land, and dedicate their talents to the emolument of England: Many of them he even perfiraded to acceptof places at count, by which means the language became polished to the an A Vifionary News-Paper. an Halifax; the fenfe and fpirit of a The PATRIOT, No. V, contains fome strictures on the Auditor, No. VI, and a farewell to the Public. The AUDITOR, No VII, July 228, contains a news paper which the author is fuppofed to have read in his fleep, under the title of the your Journal, Nov. 20, 1762; the principal paragraphs are as follow: B 327 H-s will be appointed treasurer of the navy. On Monday night was held a grand council upon affairs of state; the debate, it is faid, was extremely warm, infomuch that his Grace the Abp of Canterbury gave my L-d H-e the lie upon a point of law, and then challenged him to box. The fame day a peace was voted with Spain, to enable the minifter to begin a war his own way; and we hear as foon as it is concluded, that he intends to bombard their towns, and fieze their fhipping without farther notice. The honeft quaker, who was the principal adviser and planner of the expedition againfl Senegal, was last week deprived of his penfion, which it is deemed illegal in the crown to grant Cioner's letter containing affurances of him whereupon he published the penreward in cafe he, proved fuccefsful; but this is judged a libel upon fo exalted a character, and the King's Bench will accordingly be moved for an information. The Gazette of last Saturday informs us, that the great offices of ftate are filled in the following manner; viz. the grand perfionary, firft lord of the treafury; the Creolian Lord Mayor, - Chancellor of the Exchequer, Lord T-, once more firft Lord of the Ad- D miralty; W-s, Efq; fecretary of ftate for the fouthern department; and the Rt Rev. father in God Charles C-ll, archbishop of Canterbury.-Thefe being the only friends of the grand penfionary, the other vacant posts are not yet fupplied. The Abp of Canterbury preached yesterday before the House of Lords; as bis head never akes at all, he had fat up at a tavern the whole preceeding night; the congregation allowed it to be one Triftram Shandy's best sermon, .and faid it was a pity his grace was fo drunk. E F We hear that at the lord mayor's feaft, the company was regaled with one hundred hogs barbecued, and that the negroes who now fill all the city offices in his lordship's gift, made a very fine fhew: the fame advices add, that the mob, who huzza'd the penfiamary into the city, were more artfully G difpofed than they were the year be fore, and that Sir James very generouíly paid them double wages. We hear that the firit lord of the admiralty has again appointed lord Sternfoff to command in the channel, for the better fecurity of trade. It is confidently faid, that Mr B-d-e, is fhortly to be made foliicitor to the treasury, and that Sir J→s It is faid America will be declared conquered in Germany, by act of par liament. 26th. The baron of thunder-tentrunk, and 15 more of his country took their feats in the upper house in the -room of the 16 peers; which occafioned a debate in the commons, and Sir JP being heard to mutter fomething about the act of fettlement and the laws of the land, he was fent to the Tower. The MONITOR of July 24 contains more extracts from the Hiftory of England about favourites. The BRITON, No VIII, obferves, that the King of Prufia has been celebrated by the friends of the late adminiftration, as the great patron and prop of the Proteftant Religion, and then afks what became of the Proteftant interest in the last war, when Great Britain fupported the house of Augria, and his Prufian majelty was ftrictly attached to the French king then at war with England: He obferves alfo very juftiy, that, during the prefent war, the Proteftant religion does not appear to have been in danger; and that if it bad, that the King of Prussia, to far from distinguithing H-himself at the head of that intereft, -has counted among his declared ene mies a much greater number of Pio teltant 328 Some important Questions tefant powers than ever appeared in arms as his allies; and that not one Proteftant in Germany, his own fubjects excepted, would have drawn a fword in his defence, if not paid for fo doing with the money of Great Britain. The NORTH BRITON, No. VIII, contains more extracts from the hif tory of England about favourites. The following Letter appeared in the Gazetteer figned Rufticus. WH HEN the change was in the T-y, I who had for 20 years warmly fupported the measures of the crown, under the administration of the late firft-d and his b-r, was not a little startled by the reprefentations made to us in the country, infomuch, that I determined to spend fome time in town to inform myself of facts: you have them as they appear to me; I with they may be of ufe towards that unanimity at all times defirable, but at this time abfolutely neceffary. on the late Refignations. for honours? No:, that he could have had for his family without running fuch risks. From what motive then? Can it be merely that of the patriot? I own, I doubt the existence of fuch A a perlon at fo critical a time. Is it then duty (by time, grown into a ftrong affection) to his f Duty, indeed, fimulated by fuch love and friendship will do great things and really when one comes to confider, a Pe fo young, left involved in one of the most extenfive and expenfive wars the naBtion ever was engagad in; deferted firft by one, then another, of his principal m-rs, at a time fo uncommonly critical and dangerous to the state; .whofe heart that his honeft does not feel for him and our country? In fuch a fituation it would be very natural for his my even to request a fervant, whole capacity and fidelity he had an opinion of, to undertake this arduous talk. Such reafons and fuch only could induce fo wife a man to engage himfelf in a scene of life fo hazardous, and at the fame time fo different from his philofophical turn: he had power, Driches, and honours before; he risks them now in ferving the nation and the best of k-s. C E My first enquiry was, did the Ne D-e refign, or was he difmiffed? I am told he refigned: My next quef tion was, have his G-'s friends refigned, or are they turned out and I find, on the contrary, his great favourite put into the belt offices he ever enjoyed, and all his other friends as they were. But are they to continue? It feems agreed on all hands, that it is their own faults if they do not. One of them, of very great connections and ftrong attachments to his G-, told me, that before he went out of town, he waited upon the now fi-ft L the T-to know if he should be enabled to act as he had always done before : he was affured he fhould find no alteration, and might depend on his af fiftance. My friend's principles are as noble as his family. I asked how he came to go to the prefent fi-st L-d? He faid, his point was to fupport the k- and the g―t, and not par- G ticular men or families. of My next enquiry was, what could induce, the new L-d, who now prefides at the b-d, to take the helm of ana, at one of the most dangerous and critical periods that ever m-r did? Was it for power? That I am told cannot be, because he had that in as great a degree, as a man of his flydious difpofition could with for. Was it for riches? That can not be the mative, fay tey, to a man far from covetous, and minently rich. Was it F I conclude with a maxim never to be departed from by the foes of liberty: Be attached to measures, not to men,-mind what is done, not by whom. Are things well conducted? fupport them steadily and heartily: this would make the best k-g the greatest; the freest nation the happieft f any in the known world. of Two original Letters from the late Countefs of Hertford, afterwards Dutchess of Somerset, on the Death of her only Son George Lord Viscount Beauchamp, who died of the Small Pox at Bologna, in Italy, Sept. 11, 1744. I SIR, To the Rev. Dr B Am very fenfibly obliged by the very kind compaffion you exprefs for me under my heavy affliction. The meditations you have favoured me with, afford the ftrongest motives for confolation that can be offered to a perfon under my unhappy circumtances. The dear lamented fon I have loft, was the pride and joy of my heart, but I hope I may be the more easily excufed for having looked on him in this light, fince he was not fo from the outward advantages he pollelled, but from the virtues and rectitude of bis |