noticeable passage from the old statesman, whose unlucky blunder about the epistles of Phalaris, in another essay upon Ancient and Modern Learning, furnished the Occasion for Bentley's immortal dissertation. But, unfortunately, Swift never borrowed the phrase from Temple, for the best of reasons, inasmuch as Sir Wm. Temple never made use of it. What he did say is, "Homer had more fire and rapture; Virgil more light and swiftness. Temple's collected works were first published in two vols. folio in 1720, and this phrase can be found on p. 233 of vol. i.; and it is reprinted in the same form in the Dublin edition of 1754, in four vols. 4to., vol. iv. p. 325; and in the latest and best edition, London, 1814, also in four vols. 4to., on p. 416 of vol. iii. HENRY W. HAYNES, (5th S. ix. 509.) "Scilicet a (cor. in) superis etiam fortuna luenda est, Nec veniam, læso numine, casus habet." Ovid, Trist., ii, 107-8. ED. MARSHALL. (6th S. v. 248, 379.) "He who plays at bowls," &c. I have looked for this amongst the collections of proverbs, but in vain. In Francis Quarles's Emblemes (Cambridge, 1643, 12mo.) the tenth figure is that of a bowling green, and the illustrative verses preserve a remarkable picture of the seventeenth century bowler, whose ways seem to have sustained but little, if any, alteration through the passage down to our own day; the technical terms now used are also much the same:"Here's your right ground: wagge gently o'r this black; 'Tis a short cast; y'are quickly at the jack. Rub, rub an inch or two; two crowns to one On this bouls side: blow wind; 'tis fairly thrown, The next bouls worse that comes; come boul away; Mammon, you know the ground untutoured, play; Your last was gone-a yard of strength well spar'd Had touch'd the block; your hand is still too hard. See how their curved bodies wreath and skrue Such antick shapes as Proteus never knew: One raps an oath, another deals a curse; He never better boul'd; this never worse. One rubs his itchlesse elbow, shrugs and laughs, The tother bends his beetle-browes, and chafes, Sometimes they whoop, sometimes their Stygian cries Send their black-Santos to the blushing skies." Setting aside the bad language, which has been banished, under penalties, from every well-constituted "green nowadays, this description would serve very well for that of a "rubber" played anywhere in the kingdom last Saturday. "It is the trade of man; and every sinner Has plaid his rubbers; Every soule 's a winner. The vulgar Proverb 's crost: He hardly can Be a good bouler and an honest man.' Here we find reference to a bowling proverb which can easily be constructed, i. e., "Every good bowler is an honest man "-a mere play upon words, the first epithet referring to moral character, and not, as it appears, to skilfulness in the art of bowling. Quarles, however, leads us to understand that he looks upon bowling as a sinful occupation, in which no honest man ought to indulge; if he does, he must expect the usual consequences "He who plays at bowls must expect rubbers." ALFRED WALLIS. Sir Walter Scott probably considered this phrase in common use about 1770. See Redgauntlet, chap. xx. A. WHEELER. (6th S. v. 409.) "Whom call we gay?" &c. Cowper, The Task, bk. i. 1. 491. "Conspicuous by their absence." "Præfulgebant Cassius atque Brutus, eo ipso, quod imagines eorum non visebantur."-Tacit., Ann., iii. 76. T. W. C. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. Thomas Carlyle. By James Anthony Froude, M.A. 2 vols. (Longmans & Co.) To the resentment caused in the public mind by the publication of the Reminiscences has succeeded a feeling of mingled resignation and regret on accepting as final the distinct declaration of the memoirs now published that Thomas Carlyle was a narrow, jealous, querulous egotist. Powerless to undo the mischief that has been done-if mischief it be to show in his true light a man who has hitherto been seen through a flattering and delusive medium-Mr. Froude, while withholding the correction or retractation which a few sanguine spirits ventured to anticipate, has supplied in abundance explanation and comment. All that he has now to say has, however, been anticipated, and its full value has been discounted. The man whom his mother described as "gey ill to live with," who even in the sanguine period of boyhood racked those at home by letters in which commonplace experience was described as exceptional suffering, and the smallest discomfort spoken of as serious illness, could scarcely, under the most favourable conditions, develope into a sympathetic or, in the highest sense, an observant man. Carlyle is not the first man whose estimate of others has been based upon their attitude with regard to himself. He is simply the biggest man who has been unfortunate enough to allow his possession of a mean nature to become generally known. Again and again Mr. Froude shows us how to those nearest and dearest to him he was merciless in cruelty, using language which afterwards he was ashamed to remember. In dealing in his letters with those who have no claims upon him, Carlyle is indescribably and inconceivably vulgar and unjust. When he describes imaginary hinds they are lazy and sluggish; when he speaks of female servants he calls them by names so coarse they are ordinarily reserved for the vilest specimens of womanhood, and are not even applied to these in their hearing. There is, accordingly, no cause to wonder at the abuse which is poured upon Lamb, Coleridge, and other men of Carlyle's own epoch who bore to mankind a message more welcome as well as mora important than that he had himself to deliver. A Calvinist of the narrowest type, who, while shaking off the active and theological principle in the faith in which he was nurtured, retained all that was hardest in its teaching, and delighted to administer in this world to the outcast or the non-elect the punishment which his fellows ordinarily reserved for the next, a dyspeptic whose views of life were coloured by his jaundiced vision,,-a misanthrope who spoke in disparagement of every one from whose the revelations that have been made, would but for one praise he could obtain no reflected glory,-Carlyle, after or two circumstances inspire simple dislike. He has, his own nature, for which the world cannot be otherwise however, given us in his printed works an insight into than grateful; he has left behind him a large amount of earnest, diligent, and valuable writing, which Englishmen who call a microscope a philosophical instrument are content to accept as philosophy; lastly, he has left us a picture of earnest, strenuous, conscientious work, before which difficulties must disappear. Unlovely as are Carlyle's nature and much of his career, it is impossible to withhold admiration from the persistent struggle which wrested from Fame and Fortune their most precious gifts, and left behind a picture of inflexible economy and self-denial almost ascetic. history he has attempted to present to us, this was beyond him. As might be expected, there are every now and then obiter dicta which jar against one's sense of the fitness of things, as when we are told that "the kindly interest of Mr. Crowe......and his choir in a lecture ......on the history of the house will never be forgotten, any more than their beautiful rendering of the Te Deum The Carlyle Mr. Froude has shown is the struggling .....in the dim moonlight, with lighted tapers, and dressed man. Success was slow in overtaking Carlyle, and the in Ulsters with hoods"; or as when we learn that a forty years over which extends the memoir now pub- villein's sequela "in the old charters corresponds exactly lished are a record of continuous and almost unbroken with a horse-dealer's phrase 'a mare with her followers,' difficulty. Spite of the difficulty experienced in attempt- which it does not, for the sequela was neither more nor ing to comprehend a man like Carlyle is now shown, the less than the villein's chuttels. So, again, it is difficult to picture of him wandering wearily from bookseller to understand why "one is struck, in reading charters of bookseller with a work like Sartor Resartus under his benefactions of this time, with the fact that so many of arm, and returning at night with a fresh rebuff, is them are made either on Sunday or some saint's day." touching. The memoir, meanwhile, is stimulating read. Does Mr. Macphail suppose that this is a peculiarity in ing. Slight as are often the threads with which Mr. the Pluscardyn charters? Very commendable industry Froude connects the epistolary fragments of which the has been displayed by Mr. Macphail in getting together greater portion of the book is composed, they are in a large mass of information on the personal history of every case adequate. Much that Mr. Froude says some of the priors; nevertheless all the sources are by deserves to be quoted, did not the obvious conditions no means exhausted. Mr. Thorpe's Calendar of State of a publication like "N. & Q." prohibit such a course. Papers relating to Scotland, published in 1858, would The only thing that can be taken as an intentional have taught Mr. Macphail one or two small matters on vindication of what in Mr. Froude's earlier publication the last prior of Pluscardyn with which he appears not provoked hostile comment appears in the preface, and to be acquainted. The chapter on the precincts and is taken from a review by Carlyle himself of Lockhart's ruins of the priory, and the appendix on the same subLife of Scott. Very ingenious it is. No apology what- ject by Mr. Miller, are the least satisfactory parts of the ever is needed for the volume now published. It will volume. It is extremely difficult to believe that in any be followed by a selection from Mrs. Carlyle's letters, church built by Cistercians, or those descended from and, if Mr. Froude lives, by a memoir of Carlyle's later them, there should be found a Lady Chapel, inasmuch as years, when his biographer had closest opportunities of every church built by Cistercians was a Lady Chapel, i.e. studying his character. These works will comprise all dedicated to the Blessed Virgin. It has always been a that the warmest admirer of Carlyle, or of that far more matter of much questioning what purpose was served by attractive figure, his wife, can desire to possess. When the building which almost invariably in Cistercian monasthe generation that knew Carlyle and was subject to his teries fills the space between the chapter-house and the influence has passed away, it is probable that the world south transept-whether a morgue, a penitentiary, or a will be satisfied with a compressed biography drawn sacristy; but that it was ever turned to such a purpose from these sources. Meanwhile, to close with matter as Mr. Miller suggests is almost inconceivable. So with thoroughly suited to "N. & Q." the long notice which regard to what Mr. Miller calls the calefactory; it was the importance and interest of the book demand, we not a calefactory at all, but the fratry. Another mismay draw attention to the fact that at p. 27 of the take is putting the refectory on the ground plan, as if second volume Mr. Froude is at a loss to explain a word. it occupied the whole south walk of the cloister. This The passage in the text is as follows. Jane "furnishes was never the case in Cistercian houses; with them butter and afterings (jibbings) for tea." On this Mr. it always stood in the centre of the south walk, with its Froude has a note: "Annandale expression, meaning-axis running north and south, the kitchen occupying the what? The explanatory word itself requires explana- space between the refectory and the fratry, and the tion." Not being ourselves sure, we would ask if offices standing on the remaining ground abutting on the 66 afterings" are not the same things as "beastings" or south walk. It is a pity that the ground plan of the 'beestning " (A.-S. bystyng), the first milk given by a buildings was not drawn upon a larger scale, and that cow after her calving more extensive excavations could not be carried out on the site of these very interesting ruins. A good beginning has, however, been made, and Mr. Macphail has given us a very substantial contribution towards a better know-ledge of Scotia monastica. The illustrations which his volume contains are very beautiful, and greatly enhance the intrinsic value of the work. "So may the first of all our fells be thine, And both the beestning of our goats and kine." Ben Jonson, Hymn to Pan. History of the Religious House of Pluscardyn, Convent of the Vale of St. Andrew, in Morayshire. With Introduction containing the History and a Description of the Present State of the Mother House of the Order of Vallis Caulium (Val des Choux), in Burgundy. By Rev. S. R. Macphail. (Edinburgh, Oliphant & Co.) MR. MACPHAIL's book is one of those unpleasant productions which stand for a great deal of careful work and a certain amount of research, and which yet betray at every page that the author is not en rapport with his subject. He is like a man writing in a language which he has acquired by the help of grammar and dictionary: there are no glaring blunders to be found in the sentences, but there is an utter absence of naturalness in the style. All that could be done by "cramming' Mr. Macphail has done; but to get into harmony and sympathy with the life of the religious house whose Calendar of Documents relating to Ireland, 1293-1301. Edited by H. S. Sweetman, B.A., for the Master of the Rolls. (Longmans & Co.) THE documents calendared in this volume illustrate the condition of Ireland during eight years of uninterrupted tranquillity and freedom from political disturbance. The attention of the English Government was concentrated on the wars with Scotland and France, for which supplies of corn and men were freely drawn from Ireland. The quantity of wheat exported every year from Ireland was far greater than would have been expected, considering how little wheat is grown there at the present day, and is a remarkable proof of the great fertility of the country. In 1297, 1,886 quarters of wheat and 492 of oats were delivered to the receivers of the king's stores at Bayonne; whilst 4,136 quarters of wheat and 768 of oats were exported from Leinster and Munster to Gascony for the use of the king's army there. The army in Scotland was also victualled from Ireland, and in December, 1298, the viceroy was ordered to provide before Whitsuntide for the invasion of Scotland, by delivering at Carlisle 8,000 quarters of wheat and 10,000 of oats, with 500 carcases of salt beef and 1,000 fat pigs. Similar instructions were given in 1299 and 1301; and the treasurer's accounts show that the average price of wheat was 4s. a quarter and of oats 3s., although in 1296 the prices had been respectively 8s. and 6s. It appears from the same ac counts that Irish chargers were then held in high esteem and commanded a good price, for 50l. was paid for " chestnut and a bay, with a black mark," purchased for the king's own riding; and the Irish knights who had lost their horses in the king's service in Scotland received compensation varying from 201. each to as many marks. It is a sign of the absence of all apprehension of disturbance in 1301, that one of the last documents in this volume is a command to John Wogan, the viceroy, to leave Ireland in charge of a deputy, and with the other magnates of Ireland to join the king in Scotland, where he proposed "to remain with his army during the approaching winter to repress his Scotch enemies." THE June number of the Magazine of Art contains some notable work. Mr. Monkhouse's thoughtful and discriminating article on Prof. Legros deserves the first place, as a piece of honest and genuine art criticism. Mr. Basil Champneys on "Wren and St. Paul's," and Prof. Colvin on the "Drawings of Albert Dürer," are also thoroughly in their element, while a little paper on the Liverpool painter William Daniels, which is illustrated by an excellent woodcut of his "Prisoner of Chillon," is exceedingly interesting. If we were to offer a counsel for the further improvement of this very promising art-serial, it would be that it should have the courage "to rest in Art" alone. Such papers as "Summer-time" would be better in the pages of a family magazine, while that on "Fitness and Fashion," though, perhaps, more defensible, is illustrated in such a way as to suggest its fitness for the Queen or the Englishwoman. These remarks are made in no spirit of carping criticism; but the Magazine of Art is already so far on its way towards being a model organ of its kind that we cannot refrain from suggesting what in our opinion would further conduce to its completeness. JOSEPH LEMUEL CHESTER. It is with the deepest regret that we have to record the death of our old correspondent Col. Chester. He passed away, after a long and painful illness, on Friday in last week. Col. Chester was an American by birth, and, although he had spent many years in England, remained to the last a citizen of the United States. In early life he was a Member of Congress, and we shall not easily forget his graphic descriptions of the stormy scenes at Washington before the breaking out of the great civil war there. His later life was entirely, or almost entirely, spent in this country, and devoted to the scientific study of genealogy and family history. Twenty years ago pedigree makers were looked down upon as persons who wasted their time in ministering to foolish vanity. There was much prejudice in this, but the idea had some foundation. In Col. Chester's hands the pursuit became purely scientific, and was in every detail carried out with the most scrupulous accuracy. It was not mere curiositythe habit of collecting-which impelled him to continue his laborious studies. He realized earlier and more fully than most of us the fact that one cannot have a really just and exhaustive history of any time which shall not be based on the information supplied by the genealogist. He also knew that the results to be drawn from pedigrees, when really authentic, are of much value in furnishing data for many of the purely scientific questions relating to man. His Westminster Abbey Registers, published in 1876, is one of the most laboriously accurate books that have ever been compiled. It made for him a world-wide reputation. Though this was the principal work which he committed to the press, it represents but a very small part of his labours. His manuscript collections are, we believe, enormous, and are all arranged with such work. manlike accuracy and care that they are ready for use at once. We trust they may remain in this country, as a fitting memorial of one of the hardest workers and widest-minded men who have ever devoted themselves to the bypaths of history. Society, having for its object the immediate transcribing IT is proposed to form a Yorkshire Parish Register and publishing of such registers as may be permitted by their custodians. Notices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notice: ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. Leland called Atheling or Noble Street, but since he R. C. PUCKETT (Watford).-"Watling Street, which showeth no reason why, I rather take it to be so named of that great highway of the same calling" (Stow, p. 129, the celebrated four, ran "from Richborough or Dover, W. J. Thoms's edition). This old Roman road, one of through Canterbury and London, across the island to Chester. The Saxons......connected this wonderful work with one of their own mythical traditions, and called it Watlinga Street, the road of the Watlings or sons of Wætla a name still retained by the portion of it which and the Saxon, p. 450). King Wætla belonged to the ran through London" (Wright's The Cell, the Roman, Saxon mythology. BRITO.-A paper on Andrea Ferara appeared in the Cornhill Magazine for August, 1865, in which the writer showed that this celebrated sword-maker was an Italian. He was born about the year 1555. But see "N. & Q.," 3rd S. x. 137, 438; xii. 237. A. R. (Yeovil).-Francis Rous is described by Mr. English Republican," who was born in 1579, and died Hole, in his Brief Biographical Dictionary, as an on January 7, 1659. the epitaph as sent. We could understand, "Andreæ," C. A. P. (Prague).-It would be ridiculous to publish "dignatusque......fuit sententiam regis......profari," and "Suæ," but not your rendering. M. S. E., H. S., AND OTHERS ("Approbation from Sir Hubert Stanley is praise indeed").-This is from Morton's Cure for the Heart Ache, V. ii. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY.-The word, ante, p. 269, ought to have been "Eamer." I. W. HARDMAN (Epitaph).-See "N. & Q.," 6th S. iv. 8, 135, 175, 257. NOTICE. Every SATURDAY, of any Bookseller or News-agent, Price THREEPENCE. Each Half-yearly Volume complete in itself, with Title-Page and Index. THE ATHENÆUM JOURNAL OF ENGLISH AND FOREIGN LITERATURE, SCIENCE, THE FINE ARTS, MUSIC, AND THE DRAMA. THE ATHENÆUM CONTAINS REVIEWS of every important New Book, English and Foreign, and of every new English Novel. REPORTS of the LEARNED SOCIETIES. AUTHENTIC ACCOUNTS of Scientific Voyages and Expeditions. CRITICISMS on Art, Music, and the Drama. LETTERS from Foreign Correspondents on subjects relating to Literature, Science, and Art. BIOGRAPHICAL NOTICES of Distinguished Men. ORIGINAL POEMS and PAPERS. WEEKLY GOSSIP on Literature, Science, the Fine Arts, Music, and the Drama. 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