Arab Civilization to A.D. 1500

Abbasid Abd al-Malik Abū Tammām according ad-Dawla ad-Din Aḥmad Akhbar al-Andalus al-Fārābī al-Ibar al-Jāḥiz al-Kindi al-Ma'mun al-Mas'udi al-Waqidi alchemy Alfarabi's Allāh already appears Arabian Arabic text arabischen Aristotle astrology at-Tabari az-Zamān Baghdad Beirut Bishr Brockelmann Byzantine Cairo Caliph called century A.D. cited contemporary D. M. Dunlop Damascus Dār death died doubt edition Egypt evidently famous Fihrist geographical Goeje Greek Haidarabad Hārūn historians History Hitti Ibid Ibn Abi Uṣaybi'a Ibn Bājja Ibn Khaldun Ibn Khallikān Ibn Qutayba Iraq Ishaq Islam Jābir Khalid Khazars Kitāb known later Latin Leiden Lévi-Provençal Maqqari Mas'udi mentioned Mu'awiya Muḥammad Muqaddimah Murūj adh-Dhahab Mūsā Muslim Nafḥ Nallino original Paris perhaps Persian philosopher poet poetry Ptolemy quoted Qur'an Rabi'a reprinted Rhazes Risāla Rosenthal says seems Slane Spain Syria Tabari Tanbih Tarikh tion trans translation treatise Umar Umayyad verses vols writing Wüstenfeld Yaḥyā Yazid Zubayda