in turn, awoke an even greater nobility in the soul of the Sheik. Where does Yussouf find his ideal of hospitality? What was the inward light in the stranger's face?

Page 50. A Letter from Lowell. The nephew to whom Lowell wrote was fifteen years old at the time this letter was written. Why should young people learn to observe? How does Lowell say the observing habit may be acquired? What evidences do you find here, and in the selection on page 54, of Lowell's ability to pick up interesting and useful information?

Pizzaro (p. 52): a cruel-hearted Spanish adventurer who made war on the Inca (monarch) of Peru. Guy Mannering (p. 53): a character in Scott's novel of that name; Harry Bertram is the hero. Actœon's dogs: Actæon, a hunter, came by chance upon the goddess Diana as she was bathing. He was immediately changed into a stag and was torn to pieces by his dogs.

Page 54. A Garden Acquaintance. How does Lowell regard the birds? Did they understand his attitude toward them? The mockheroic treatment of trivial events is often a source of humor. Where does Lowell make use of this method in telling his story?

Page 56. The Singing Leaves. This is a ballad, or story in verse. It is written in ballad form (that is, four lines to a stanza), with a quaint turn of expression and a number of old English words. Note these expressions and words.

What leads you to believe that Walter, the page, had kept close to the king, his master, all through the latter's search for the "singing leaves"? What, in the way the youngest daughter received and read the message on the leaves, makes you think that the whole thing had been carefully planned? Trace out the little scheme of the lovers to win the king's consent to the union of princess and page.

Walter claims that he and his lute are lords of rich realms (p. 59). Where does he locate them? But and (p. 60) means and in addition." What was the maiden's dower? Held of his lute in fee means that as long as he held his lute, he could create for her the realm of music and song.

Page 61. The Autocrat on "Contentment." Dr. Holmes is a playful and witty writer, full of surprises and overflowing with fun. His prose writings, The Autocrat of the Breakfast Table and Over the Teacups, are in a conversational style that makes them very attractive, as

is shown by the selections on pp. 64-68. The poem " Contentment " is a fine example of his gentle irony, or ridicule of pretended humility. He takes the sting out of it by making himself the mock hero.

The Arabian Nights contains the story of Aladdin, who had only to rub a wonderful lamp to get anything he desired. In another story a magic ring secured whatever the wearer wished; and in still another, the hero could mount a brazen horse and be carried into any palace or castle.

In each stanza, what modest and simple desire are you led to expect? Brown stone in Holmes's day, the height of elegance. Note of hand notes readily converted into money. Plenipo: shortened form of plenipotentiary, a special embassador. St. James: a term used to designate the British Court. Gubernator: a Latin word meaning the guide of a ship; the governor guides the Ship of State.

China silks, crapes (p. 63), with wrinkled surface, are among the finest produced. The comparison of the crinkled surface of the crape to "wrinkled skins on scalded milk" is a very striking one. Has horse-racing since Holmes's day produced any greater speed than a mile in two minutes and forty-five seconds? Titian was a great Venetian painter; Raphael, the greatest of the Italian painters, if not of the whole world; and Turner, an English painter, unrivaled in the portrayal of landscapes. Turner's pictures are noted for the lavish use of color. How does Holmes give a hint of this in his lines? Stradivarius was an Italian noted for the excellence of the violins which he made. Those that are now in existence, because of their wonderful beauty of tone, are almost priceless. A meerschaum pipe is made of a fine, light clay found in Asia. Buhl: decoration of the finest inlay work.

Page 69. The Leap of Roushan Beg. What endeared the horse Kyrat to his master? Locate the fortress of Roushan Beg. How did he gain a living? Khan: in the Orient, a rest house for traders and their trains. What is meant by men-at-arms? What gives you an idea of Roushan Beg's wealth and power? Picture the difficult position in which he finds himself. By whom is he pursued? La Illah illa Allah: there is no God but Allah (the true God), a favorite saying of Mohammedans. Allahu (p. 72): this exclamation is the first word of the phrase " Allahu Akbar," meaning "God is most great."

By what actions and promises and praise did Roushan Beg nerve his horse to take the fearsome leap? Picture in your mind the response

of the horse to his master's pleadings, the preparation, the leap. How nearly did he come to failure? What shows the absolute trust of the rider in his horse? How did the act appear to Reyhan of Orpeh, watching at the foot of the precipice?

Page 72. The Builders. In the age of Pericles (5th century B.C.), the Athenians transformed their city from brick to marble as an indication of their gratitude to the gods who had aided Pericles and the Greeks in their conquests. In building the splendid monuments, the workmen gave greatest care to the parts not visible to the eye. Around this idea Longfellow has constructed this beautiful poem.

Page 74. Mugby Junction. Dickens had a way of stopping off at strange places with no other purpose than to observe humanity. Out of these observations, he wove many tender and kindly tales. In the story "Mugby Junction," the traveler, being struck by the odd name of the place, left the train; and his adventures, while not thrilling, show Dickens's sympathy with lowly life. He finds just as much to admire in the hut as in the palace. Note how humor and pathos are mingled in the story. This is typical of Dickens's style. What qualities attract you in Lamps? In Phoebe? In Barbox Brothers himself? To call a character " Brothers" is a favorite trick of Dickens. Notice how poor, ignorant Lamps tries to use language to fit the company he is in. What does he mean by "toepics," "moloncolly," "fili-illi-ally "?

The lace pillow (p. 84) is not made of lace, but is a pillow, hard like a pincushion, upon which a pattern for lace is stretched. This pattern is outlined by pins, and around these pins the weaver passes threads of cotton, linen, or silk wound on bobbins or pegs, in such a way as to make lace. This is called pillow lace. Makers of this kind of lace become very nimble-fingered, because, from each hand filled with bobbins, the worker must sort out the right bobbin with this or that finger. How would this training be of benefit in learning to play a musical instrument?

In England, the conductor or trainman is called the guard; baggage is called luggage; the baggage car is called the van; satchels are called portmanteaus; the local or accommodation train is called the Parliamentary (designed by special act of Parliament for the working people) or Parliamentary matron because, in motherly fashion, it provides for the comfort of the people.

Page 92. What is Good? Note how wide has been the study and observation of the poet in his search for "What is good." Can you think of any phase of life left unstudied? How does the answer which he hears within his own heart bear out the philosophy of Holmes in "The Autocrat on Contentment (p. 61) and that of the father and daughter told about in "Mugby Junction"?

Burns says (using happiness as equivalent to good):

"If happiness have not her seat

And center in the breast,

Page 93. Wee Willie Winkie. Kipling, who spent his early life in India, has done more than any other man of letters to make us acquainted with various phases of life there soldier life in his Barrack Room Ballads, native life in his Plain Tales from the Hills, animal life in The Jungle Stories.

What, throughout the story, shows you that Wee Willie Winkie was being trained in points of honor sacred to an officer of high ideals, such as truth, manliness, indifference to suffering, service? Can you find other virtues in which he was being trained? In what respect does his conduct seem mature? How can you account for the boy's being over-wise for his age? For his ability to understand the language of the Hill men? For his ability to meet the difficult situation with the Hill men? The Dominant Race (p. 103): for more than a century, the English had ruled India. How did the spirit of the race flash out in Wee Willie Winkie's attitude toward the Hill men?

Ayah (p. 93): in India, a native nurse for children. Baba: child. "Coppy, with the Afghan and Egyptian medals on his breast" (p. 95) shows that the officer had seen service and merited honors in what countries? Hut jao (p. 96): obstinate one. Sahib (p. 100): master, the title used by natives of India in addressing a European gentle

man.

Twelve-two (p. 101): about fifty inches in height, or two inches over twelve hand-breadths. Waler: an Australian horse, from New South Wales, much used in India. Pushto (p. 103): or Pashta, the language used in parts of India, Afghanistan, and Baluchistan.. Bahadur (p. 104) hero, champion.

Spoil-five (p. 106): a card game. Pathans: men of Afghanistan, serving in the British army in India. They are noted for their bravery. Nullah: a dry water course, a gully. Double out to the river: go in double-quick time. Pulton: a native Indian infantry regiment. Pukka (p. 107): good, or thoroughgoing.

ORAL EXPRESSION. Pronounce the following words, sounding each syllable unmistakably:

Page 108. The Overland Mail. Kipling spent many years in northern India as a newspaper writer, while Victoria was Queen of Great Britain and Ireland and Empress of India. The Simla Hills lie north of the Ganges in the jungle region, remote from railroads. The mail was the one connecting link with home. Exiles are usually persons sent from a country for some offense, but here the word is used playfully. Who are the lords of the jungle? Why do you suppose the runner wore bells? What official paper showed when he started? Why would this prevent him from loitering or being careless?

What would you suppose in spate means? Verify by the dictionary your understanding of spate. Note the many ways of describing the upward journey. On which part did the rose-oak grow? The fir? The aloes? Would the ravines be in the upland or lowland?

The spirit and dash of the verses seem to reflect the energy of the Show this in your reading.

runner.

Page 109. Recessional. In the service of the Church of England, the processional is sung as the choir enters, and the recessional as it leaves. This, the most celebrated of Kipling's poems, was written in 1897, in honor of Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee in the sixtieth year of her reign. It well represents her humane and gentle spirit as her sway extended from " palm to pine." It asks forgiveness for boastfulness and pride, and asks that the beneficent spirit of the Master of All may be ever in the heart of the people, "lest we forget." The