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that they freighted him back with Letters of Reproof, and private Inftructions to Keith, not only to re-inftate him, but in Effect, to be governed by him, as implicitly as Gookin had been governed before.

Keith, on the other Hand, being a Man of too much Spirit to fubmit to fuch Treatment, and prefuming befide, that his Services to and Intereft in the Colony, and his Connections with the moft confiderable Men in it, would uphold him against all Oppofition whatsoever, communicated all to the Afiem-bly, together with his own Anfwers: And this he thought was the more incumbent on him, because Logan had already been making his Efforts to fir up a Party against him.

Logan, upon this, commences Advocate in Form for the Proprietary Intereft; prefents a written Plea on its Behalf to the Affembly, juftifying therein all the Restrictions laid on the Governor by thofe Inftructions, (which will be in the next Seffion explain'd) and whether by Chance or Defign, it is hard to pronounce, fuffered the Secret of the Quarrel to escape, by infinuating, that the Proprietary, during his Abfence, had not received one Penny either to himself or "his Family from the Government, whereas others had received large Sums.

The Affembly, however, not being in a Humour to pay two Government Subfidies inftead of one, when exempted by the original Article of Quit-Rents from the Obligation of paying any, did not fo much as take Notice of this Point: But on the contrary, clofing with the Governor, defired his Concurrence with them, and offered their Concurrence to him, in withftanding whatever was in the faid Inftructions contained repugnant to their Charter, or inconfiftent with their Privileges.

The Governor himself alfo became an Advocate for the Province, and laid before the Affembly a written Defence of the Conftitution thereof, as well as of the late Proprietary's Character, in Anfwer to Logan's Memorial; and the Seffion was concluded

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moft triumphantly on the Governor's Side: For the House not only agreed to a Remonftrance, in Answer to the Widow Penn's private Inftructions, as they were called; but moreover gratified him for his extraordinary Services with a Thousand Pounds. ɔonos el

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The Controverfy continued notwithstanding; and both Parties beftirred themfelves equally in order to make Profelytes. Logan feemed more humble than before, but never was more confident. Keith never was fo much in Pain for his own Stability, and yet never feemed to have lefs Apprehenfions. In Proportion, however, as it became more and more probable, that he would be laid afide, he became lefs and less confidered; and a Breach between him and the Speaker Lloyd fo often mentioned, and who had, even in Print, afted the Part of a Second to him, became as fatal to him as it was fortunate to Logen.

When the next Affembly met, it foon appeared, that though the Governor ufed the fame PatriotLanguage to it, he had not the fame Afcendency over it. Two feveral Negatives were put, upon two several Motions, to furnish him, the first with 600 the fecond with 500l. towards his Support. No more than 400% could be obtained: And, notwithstanding all Engines and all Devices were employed, no farther Compenfation could be procured for him.

It is equally the Lot of this Nation to be more fpecious than virtuous, more fplendid than consistent, and to abound more in Politicians than Philofophers. Keith had more of the former than the datters in his Compofition, tho' he was neither in any eminent Degree. A Politician would not have furnished his Adverfaries with a Plea to excufe his Removal, by communicating a private Paper to a popular Affembly. A Philofopher, governed by Principle, and Proof againft Paffion, would not have been in the Power of any Iffue whatfoever: And if the Affembly had been capable of Confiftency, they would have fet a Luftre on his Difmiffion, by accompanying it with all the Douceurs in the Power of the Province to have heaped

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apon him, that other Governors might have thought it worth their while to proceed on his Plan..

Instead of which, on the first Intelligence of a new Governor, which was as carefully imparted to them, as concealed from him, they even affected to procraftinate the Business of the Province; and when upbraided by Keith with this Backwardness, and, not without fome Mixture of Indignation, required to give the Public a Teftimonial of his Administration, they proceeded in it as if rather conftrained than inclined; and at laft took Care to fay as little as poffible, tho' they had Room to fay fo much.

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In short, after a nine Years Administration, unembarraffed with any one Breach between the Governor and Affembly; and, as acknowledged by the latter, productive of much pofitive Good to the Province, they parted with reciprocal Coldness if not Difguft. Keith difdaining to follow Gookin's Example in defiring a Benevolence; and they not having Confideration enough left for him to offer it.

There is no Man, long or much converfant in this overgrown City, who hath not often found himfelf in Company with the Shades of departed Governors, doom'd tow wander/out the Refidue of their Lives, full of the agonizing Remembrance of their paffed Eminence, and the fevere Senfation of prefent Neglect stora ad ottom

Sir William Keith, upon his * Return, was added to this unfortunate Lift; concerning whom the leaft that can be faid, is, that either none but Men of Fortube should be appointed to ferve in fuch dignified Offices or otherwife, that, for the Honour of Government itself, fuch as are recalled, without any notorious Imputation on their Conduct, fhould be

* He faid in Philadelphia fome Time after his being difplaced : And, feduced by his Refentments, condefcended to act a Part neither becoming or prudent: Procuring himfelf to be returned as an Affembly-man, and taking all the Measures in his Power to divide the Province, embarrass the Governor, and distress the Proprietamjess

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preferved from that Wretchednefs and Contempt which they have been but too frequently permitted to fall into, for want even of a proper Subfiftence.

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The Reader is defired to pardon this Digreffion, if It was neceffary to fhew, that the Province. of Pensylvania, when well governed, is eafily governed: And that which ever Branch of the Legislature inflames the Proprietary Jealoufy, or interferes with the Proprietary Intereft, the Refult is the fame: The obnoxious Affembly is reprimanded and vilify'd, and as before obferved, the obnoxious Governor is recalled.

So that, unless the Province ftoops to be loaded with a triple Tier of Subfidies; namely, one for the public Service, ordinary and extraordinary, one for the Governor's annual Appointments, and one for the Gratification of the Proprietaries and their Creatures, it seems reasonable to conclude it is never to enjoy any established State of Tranquility.

And now, in Addition to the Points of proprietary: Incroachment and proprietary Refentment already mentioned, we are naturally led to fuch other Points of Controversy, as at various Times have arifen for want of fufficient Forefight and fufficient Preventives; and of which feveral are unhappily in Agitation at this very Day.

It cannot but be recollected, that Mr. Penn, in his Discourse with his joint Adventurers concerning) referv'd Rents, for the Support of Government, made a remarkable Diftinction between his two Capacities of Proprietary and Governor And from hence, as well as from the Nature of the Truft, it musto obvioufly follow, that when he withdrew himself to Eng land, and transferred the Government to his Depu ties, thofe Deputies could not but be poffeffed of all the Powers originally vefted, by the Crown, in him. Adroit as he was at Refinements, he could not do by his Truft as he did by his Land ;-withhold a Reserve of Power, and, like the drunken Sailors in the Play,

appoint a Vice-Roy, and retain a Power to be ViceRoy over him.

And yet even Mr. Penn himself, in his Commission to Evans, a Man, as we have feen, determined enough to push any proprietary, and defeat any popular, Points whatfoever, could venture to flip the following Clause into his Commiffion. To wit ; Saving always to me and my Heirs, our final Affent to all fuch Bills as thou shalt pafs into Laws in the faid Government, &c.'

The Affembly, however, to whom this Commiffion was communicated, were fhrewd enough to start the following Doubt upon it, and to fend it by Way of Meffage to the Council. To wit; Whether the faid Vote is void in itself, and does not vacate the reft of the faid Commiffion, or render it invalid ?' -And the Council, with the Proprietary's eldest Son at the Head, and Secretary Logan at the Rear of it, were fo ftartled at it, that, in order to evade the last Inference, they found themselves under a Neceffity to return the following Anfwer.

We of the Council, whofe Names are hereunto • fubfcribed, are of Opinion, that the faid Saving is • void in itfelf: And that thofe Bills which the present • Lieutenant-Governor fhall think fit to pals into Laws, and caufe the Proprietary's great Seal to be affixed thereunto, cannot afterwards be vacated or annulled by the Proprietary without Affent of the Affembly of this Province.'

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The next Piece of Practice to answer the fame Purpofe that was found out, was to impofe certain Conditions of Government on the Deputy, under the Penalty of a certain Sum. This was firft fubmitted to by Keith, and has been a Rule to all his Succeffors, with this Difference, that whereas the Penalty exacted from him was but 1000 l. Sterl. it has been fince raised to 2, or 3000 l.

If ever the Cafe of this Colony fhould come before Parliament, which is not altogether improbable, no Doubt thefe Conditions will be called for: And

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