Elements of Early Modern Physics

academicians Academy according action aether apparatus appears atmospheres attraction became Berlin bodies brought called Cartesian cause century charge collection colleges conductor course d'Alembert demonstration Desaguliers Descartes discovery distance early effects eighteenth century electricians electricity electrified Euler example experimental physics experiments fire fluid followed force France Franklin Gesch give glass gravity heat Hist important interest Italy Jesuits later learned lectures less Leyden light London machine magnetic mathematics matter measure mechanical motion natural natural philosophy Newton Newtonian Nollet objects observed occult Oeuvres optics original Paris particles perhaps phenomena philosophy Phys physicists positive principles professor published qualities quoted reason repulsion Royal says schools showed similar Society spark supported surface teaching texts theory tion took universities Wolff