first by general reasoning, and then by differentiating the equation of a wave. This Chapter is based on Chapter I., and in like manner Chapter V., which treats of the composition of two systems of Simple Harmonic waves of equal wave-length, is based on Chapter III. Stationary undulation is shown (by proof in duplicate, as above) to be the resultant of two opposite systems of waves, and the production of beats by waves in the same direction is also explained.
Chapter VI. discusses the general subject of the composition of two Simple Harmonic motions, and gives the mathematics of Lissajous' curves, with accounts of some methods of tracing them.
Chapter VII. breaks the monotony of a continuous thread of mathematical deduction by describing some very interesting mechanical illustrations of Simple Harmonic motion, including Sir William Thomson's tidepredicter and Donkin's harmonograph. A novel method of combining two motions by a jointed parallelogram, which has been described in Chapter II., is here applied to the composition of two opposite circular motions.
Chapters VIII. and IX. discuss in a popular way the propagation and reflection of sonorous undulations.
Chapters X. and XI. contain accurate investigations (some of them novel) of the rapidity of stationary vibrations of strings and columns of air, the velocity of