by the last night's labours-by the sight of the national uniform now mixed up in all their groups, and of the tricoloured flag now flying from all their houses.

The bands that had hitherto been scattered and spread throughout the town assembled more regularly, and combined their plans of resistance and attack. On, in the front of the Parisians, marched the ardent youth of the Polytechnic school, the students of law and of medicine--and on behind them poured the determined populace,-on they poured along one side down the Faubourg St. Honoré, down the Boulevards -on they poured along the other-down the Faubourg St. Germain, along the bridges-on they poured to the Place Louis XV. ;--where the soldiers, fatigued, famished, disgusted with their cause, disgusted with the cowardice of those for whom they fought, still looked with a gallant face on the dark and angry masses which menaced them in all directions.

At one time there were hopes of an armistice: the Duc de Raguse entered into a parley with the citizens, advancing by the Rue de Richelieu-but at this moment, in a new and unexpected quarter, recommenced the firing. The Louvre, evacuated by mistake, had been entered by the people; the troops in the Place de Carousel were seized with a sudden panic: the commandant had only time to throw himself on his horse, and charging at the head of his men he cleared for a moment the court before the Tuileries. But the Tuileries themselves were soon entered by the gate of the Pont Royal. Their defenders jumped from the windows into the gardens: all discipline was gone; the terror was universal, and the utmost efforts of the marshal could only infuse some degree of order into the retreat. A Swiss battalion in the gardens covered the rear; the force in the Place Louis XV. checked the multitudes of the Faubourg St. Honoré, and allowed the troops still on the Boulevard de la Madeleine an opportunity to retire retire they did by the Champs Elysées; and at the Barrière de l'Etoile, the marshal received the letter which announced the appointment

of the Duc d'Angoulême to the office of commander-inchief, and ordered the royal forces to be directed to St. Cloud.

Paris was now triumphant: the contest of the three days was over. The people had fought bravely, desperately, and doubtful as the struggle had been, they had not from the commencement wanted, among the legal and civil authorities of France, determined and courageous defenders.

REVOLUTION OF 1830.

II.

26th, Civil resistance of the Journalists-Meeting of DeputiesView taken by M. Laborde-View by M. Périer-How far M. Périer was right-27th, Meeting of Deputies at M. Périer's-First meeting of Deputies at M. Puyraveau's-Second meeting at M. Bérard's-Proclamation agreed to, and message sent to the Duc de Ragusa by the first-The names of all the liberal Deputies at Paris affixed to the proclamation by the second-29th, Meeting of Deputies; different feelings among them from those of preceding days -Fictitious Government of M. Bérard-Real provisional Government appointed-Civil transactions at Paris in favour of the people now arrived at the same period as that to which military affairs have been conducted-What took place at St. Cloud and the Court and among the Ministry during this time-27th, M. de Polignac gives the command of Paris to the Duc de Ragusa-Want of preparation at Paris--The Council assembles at night and declares the city" en état de siège"--Charles X. in the mean time perfectly tranquil-28th, the King might have made favourable terms-Did not think himself in danger-Mass; whist; ceremonies as usualIn vain a Deputation waited on M. Polignac--Confusion among the troops-Camps of Lunéville and St. Omer ordered to march-Ministers ignorant even on the 29th of the real state of things-The Duc de Raguse's advice to the Council; M. Polignac's opinionMission of M. Argout and M. Sémonville to St. Cloud-The disposition in which they found the King-The Ordonnances recalled by the advice of the Ministry-New Administration formed with General Gérard, and M. de Mortemart, and M. Périer-Charles X. would not sign any order but that which named M. Mortemart "Président du Conseil"-Fatal effects of delay-The fortunes of Charles X. and General Lafayette once more in opposition.

ON the 26th the journals had agreed to the protestation I have spoken of, and many electors, assembled at the bureau of the “ National,” had determined to refuse the payment of taxes. A meeting of liberal deputies had also taken place at M. Laborde's. At this meeting opinions were divided. Monsieur de Laborde himself, M. Villemain, M. Daunon, contended that a violation of the charter had released the people from their obligations, that such an opinion should be loudly

pronounced by the deputies at Paris, and that the force which the crown arrayed against the nation should be met by such force as the national representatives could bring against the crown! Monsieur Périer was for more moderate councils :-he considered the Chamber legally dissolved; the ordonnances themselves he looked upon as unwise and imprudent edicts, though justified by the letter of the charta. "Even," said he, "if they be not so, the power to decide between the sovereign and the people cannot be assumed by any set of individuals."

"Let us," he continued, " as the guardians of the public peace, confine ourselves to presenting a respectful address to the monarch, requesting the repeal of measures by which that peace seems likely to be disturbed."

M. C. Périer spoke reasonably. A resistance improvised against a government which has had the means of preparing for its defence-is in most cases a hazardous expedient. An unsuccessful recourse to arms is more fatal to the popular cause than the most passive submission; and it is only in very rare and very extreme cases that a sound policy will justify the more violent instead of the more moderate course; which, if it promise less than the former, also risks less.

Moreover, it is idle to disguise the fact. The right assumed by Charles the Tenth would, if left to the calm decision of lawyers, have involved a doubtful claim. But there are cases which lawyers can never be called upon calmly to decide. If we can fancy a people with eyes bent on the ground, and arms folded, lost in the most peaceable and profound meditation, coming to an eminent jurisconsult, and requesting mildly to know whether they have a right to resist their government, whatever might be their right, it would be their wisdom and their policy not to do so. But when a whole people feel at once, as by inspiration--feel without pause, or without reflection--that their government is changed--that their liberties are VOL. II.-C

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violated, that their laws are broken through-they do not err, they cannot err, if all the lawyers in the universe, consulting all the laws that ever were written, declared the contrary-they have a right to resist, nay, more—they are certain to resist with success.

Monsieur Périer, and those who adopted M. Périer's opinions, spoke and thought then like reasonable men; but in all great crises, that part of our minds which is the most passionate and imaginative rises above our ordinary reason. It has a more powerful and comprehensive judgment; a clearer and more sympathetic prescience. In great emergencies, your man of feelng is right, your man of calculation is wrong. A few passionate words of Mirabeau judged and decided the revolution of 1789.

The meeting at M. Laborde's was without result. On the 27th a similar meeting took place at M. Périer's. Here Messrs. Mauguin, Bertin de Vaux, De Puyraveau, were of the opinion expressed the day before by M. de Laborde; Messrs. Sébastiani and M. Dupin adopted the previous opinion of M. Périer.* After some debate on the propriety of a letter to Charles the Tenth, this meeting ended like the former with an appointment for the morrow.

On the 28th, M. de Puyraveau, M. Mauguin, M. Lafitte, and General Lafayette (who had then arrived) pronounced all reconciliation impossible, and were for inviting the Chamber to place itself behind the barricades of the people. Messrs. Dupin, Sébastiani, and Guizot still protested against any act contrary to the

* An assemblage of electors at M. G. Gassicourt's produced more important results. It was there agreed to form twelve committees to correspond with the twelve arondissements of Paris; twelve committees sitting permanently, and organizing and exciting resistance in their several districts.

These boards were to have a common centre, and communicate through M. Schonen with the liberal deputies.

Such was the existing difference of opinion, even at this time, in respect to active resistance, that M. Périer said to M. Schonen, who was exciting the people-Vous nous rendez en sortant de la legalité— vous nous faites quitter une position superbe. On the same evening, M. Odillon Barrot said that war was declared, that force alone could decide the contest, and that it was the duty of every one to take arms