affix his signature immediately was that relating to M. de Mortemart. The others, the orders which revoked the ordonnances, named C. Périer and General Gérard, and convoked the Chambers for the 3d of August-these, with that fatal weakness which induces us to withhold to the last moment what we are yet determined to grant-these he could not be prevailed upon to sign that night, and twenty-four hours went by while the proverb that " every minute is an hour" was being literally fulfilled;--and now,

The wheel of fortune, which had been so rapidly turning since 1789, seemed to be again pausing at the very place where it had been forty-one years before, and there was—the Comte d'Artois crushed beneath it, and at the topmost pinnacle of its curve-General Lafayette.

REVOLUTION OF 1830.

III.

General Lafayette's march to the Hôtel de Ville-M. Lafitte gives M. F. Janson a passport for the Duc de Mortemart, who does not come on the evening of the 29th, as was expected-Consequences-The evening of the 29th-30th, two proclamations to the people and the army-M. de Mortemart now arrives-Fate of his missionAgitation of the people-Necessity of prompt decision-Mission to Neuilly-Received by the Duc d'Orléans-State of things on the night of the 30th-31st, the Duc d'Orléans accepts the lieutenancy of the kingdom-Visits the Hôtel de Ville-Feelings of the people -ls received by Lafayette-Conversations that then took place-1st of August a day of Jubilee-2d of August, abdication of Charles X. and the Dauphin-3d, Chambers met-4th, the Chamber of Peers, which had hitherto kept aloof, nominated a commission to reply to the speech of the lieutenant-general-7th, the Duc d'Orléans invited by the two Chambers to accept the Crown-His answer-9th, Louis Philippe proclaimed King of the French-What had taken place to Charles X. between 30th of July and 16th of August, when this unfortunate prince embarked from Cherbourg. "VIVE Lafayette! Vive Lafayette!" this was the cry in every street, as down from every window, as down from every balustrade whence the ball and the broken bottle and the massive pavement lately rushed, now dropped gentle flowers on the venerable head of the friend of Washington, of the old general of the National Guard ;* and wafted on every breeze flew the national cockade, the old and famous tri-coloured riband; and lo! the very hero of popular parade, the revolutionary veteran, bowing, smiling, embracing; and lo! the immense masses, shouting, laughing, waving their hats, firing their arms! To the Hôtel de Ville marched the long procession.

In the mean time M. Lafitte was informed of the resolution taken at St. Cloud, and gave M. de Forbin Janson a passport for his brother-in-law the Duc de Mortemart. It was arranged that the duc should be at M.

* "Laissez, laissez," said the old general to some one wishing to conduct his steps; "laissez, laissez; je connais tout cela mieux que

Vous,"

Lafitte's house some time that evening; unable to obtain the new ordonnances from the king, and refused a passport from the dauphin, M. de Mortemart disappointed the deputies, who expected him, and this event was perhaps the most important one of the three days.*

It was on this night, after waiting for the Duc de Mortemart in vain, that M. Lafitte, left alone with Messrs. Thiers and Mignet, took the first of those measures which led to the election of the present monarch. Then it was resolved that the elder branch of the Bourbons should be given up to those who were fearful for the freedom, and the younger branch adopted as a guarantee to those who were fearful for the tranquillity, of the country; and then were framed the handbills, placards, and proclamations which, appearing in every corner of Paris the following morning, directed and fixed the public opinion.

The morning of the 30th began with two proclamations; the one from the provisional government, announcing the deliverance of Paris to the people, the other from General Gérard, offering an amnesty to the army; at this moment the Duc de Mortemart arrived from St. Cloud, with the ordonnances that he should have had the preceding evening. A slowness fatal to the old monarchy still attended him. M. de Sussy,

*Though many were confident as to the ultimate success of the continued struggle, no one believed it over at this time. Troops, it was conceived, would march upon the capital in all directions. Paris might be invested; its brave but volatile population was not to be depended upon. The lesson which royalty had received was rude. The repeal of the ordonnances, and the nomination of a popular administration was as great a triumph as it seemed possible to achieve without running all the perils, all the hazards, and all the horrors of civil war. A republic was dreaded; the Duc d'Orléans had not then come forward; 1; young Napoleon was at Vienna. It is impossible to say if the Duc de Mortemart had appeared at M. Lafitte's the night of the 29th, whether Charles X. might not still have been at the Tuileries.

Monsieur de Mortemart, fatigued by his walk (he had come a roundabout way from St. Cloud), disappointed in finding M. Lafitte at his own house, unable, owing to the barricades, to proceed otherwise than on foot, was prevailed upon to charge M. de Sussy with the ordonnances repealing those of the 25th, and M. de Sussy proceeded with them to the Chamber,

whom he charged with these ordonnances, was not at the Chamber so soon as he was expected. The deputies, when he reached it, had already invited the present king to Paris. M. Thiers, who said, "Les plus prompts aujourd'hui seront les plus habiles," had already been to Neuilly, and succeeded in obtaining from Mademoiselle Adélaide the promise that she, at all events (the Duc d'Orléans was not to be found), would appear, if necessary, on her brother's behalf. When M. de Sussy arrived, then, the die was cast, and the Chamber refused to acknowledge the sovereign on whose behalf he appeared. Lafayette and the provisional government treated his mission with still greater disrespect; and such was the feeling at the Hôtel de Ville, that M. de Puyraveau, who read the papers that M. de Sussy presented, said, in answer, "That the French were determined not to have another royal master, and that a republic was better than the government called a constitutional one."

Agitated by different rumours-hearing of embassies from St. Cloud, meetings at M. Lafitte's and at the Chamber, conferences at the Hôtel de Ville-the people, always suspicious, began to murmur, to mutter together in small groups, to speak of treason, of vengeance. An event was only wanting to awaken into a more terrible force those popular elements of trouble which it was so necessary to lull speedily to repose.* Celerity was every thing, inaction was the utmost danger; not a moment was to be lost; the Chamber sent a deputation to Neuilly with the offer of the "lieutenance-générale." It was at night, at the gate of his

It was attempted to quiet them by a proclamation; and a proclamation now appeared, in which the Parisians were called demi-gods and heroes; "Vive la France, vive le peuple de Paris, vive la liberté," said the provisional government, and the people were less dissatisfied than before. In this proclamation Charles X. was, for the first time, declared to have lost his throne; and M. Périer refused to sign it, because it contained, as he conceived, an act of authority beyond the power with which the provisional or municipal government were endowed.

park,* by the pale and flickering light of a torch, that the Duc d'Orléans read the communication so important to his family and to France. He saw the crisishe saw that the time, long perchance looked forward to, was arrived; he lost not an instant: he set off immediately, and on foot, to Paris. Nor were his partisans idle. On all the walls you might have read,"Charles ne se croit pas vaincu."-"Le Duc de Chartres marche au secours de Paris avec son régiment." "La république nous brouillerait avec l'Europe.""Le Duc d'Orléans était à Jemmapes."—" Le Duc d'Orléans est un roi citoyen," &c.

Such was the state of things at Paris; agitation with the people, indecision with the republicans, -neither courage, energy, nor good fortune with the royalists; and amid all surrounding doubts, difficulties, and fears, to the empty throne the faction Orléans wound itself ably and rapidly along. The advice of Marshal Marmont to the king at St. Cloud was, "Take your troops to the Loire; they will there be beyond the reach of disaffection; summon the Chambers and the corps diplomatique' to your place of residence ; take these measures immediately,—your throne is yet secure." The king hesitated-the troops deserted. The few moments that should have been spent in adopting some energetic line of conduct were wasted in a violent dispute between the dauphin and the Duc de Raguse. There was no hope where there was no union, no conduct, no courage.

We are arrived at the 31st.

The succeeding events of the revolution are rapid in their succession. At twelve o'clock, the Duc

*He had returned to Neuilly.

The Duc de Raguse published an order of the day to the troops, which, by inadvertence, he had not shown to the Duc d'Angoulême. This order, moreover, was contrary to the dauphin's opinions. He was furious, rushed upon the Duc de Raguse, and even wounded himself in wresting his sword from the marshal's side. Charles X. succeeded in procuring mutual apologies; but such a quarrel at such a moment inspired mistrust among all parties, and filled up the fatality of the unfortunate king's fortunes.