d'Orléans, with some affected coyness, accepts the "lieutenance-générale." The Chamber, assembled at one, receives his royal highness's answer, and publishes a declaration of its proceedings.* Almost immediately after this, the new lieutenant-general on horseback, with no guards, escorted by the deputies, visited the Hôtel de Ville. The crowds who lined his passage were cold, doubtful, and as it were embarrassed. They felt they had not been consulted-they did not know whether they had been deceived. All eyes were turned upon the Hôtel de Ville-great was its power at that moment, and solemn was the pause when Lafayette the picture of that venerable man, the

"La France est libre: le pouvoir absolu_levait son drapeau : l'héroique population de Paris l'a abattu. Paris attaqué a fait triompher par les armes la cause sacrée qui venait de triompher en vain dans les élections. Un pouvoir usurpateur de nos droits, perturbateur de notre repos, menaçait à-la-fois la liberté et l'ordre : nous rentrons en possession de l'ordre et de la liberté. Plus de crainte pour les droits acquis, plus de barrière entre nous et les droits qui nous manquent encore.

"Un gouvernement qui, sans délai, nous garantisse ces biens, est aujourd'hui le premier besoin de la patrie. Français, ceux de vos députés qui se trouvent déjà à Paris se sont réunis, et, en attendant l'intervention régulière des Chambres, ils ont invité un Français qui n'a jamais combattu que pour la France, M. le Duc d'Orléans, à exercer les fonctions de lieutenant-général du royaume. C'est à leurs yeux le plus súr moyen d'accomplir promptement par la paix le succès de la plus légitime défense.

"Le Duc d'Orléans est devoué à la cause nationale et constitutionnelle. Il en a toujours défendu les intérêts et professé les principes. Il respectera nos droits, car il tiendra de nous les siens. Nous nous assurons par les lois toutes les garanties nécessaires pour rendre la liberté forte et durable;

"Le rétablissement de la garde nationale avec l'intervention des gardes nationaux dans le choix des officiers;

"L'intervention des citoyens dans la formation des administrations départementales et municipales ;

Le jury pour les délits de la presse; la responsabilité légalement organisée des ministres et des agens secondaires de l'administration; "L'état des militaires légalement assuré ;

"La réélection des députés promus à des fonctions publiques; "Nous donnerons enfin à nos institutions, de concert avec le chef de l'état, les développemens dont elles ont besoin.

"Français, le Duc d'Orléans lui-même a déjà parlé, et son langage est celui qui convient à un pays libre: 'Les Chambres vont se réunir,' nous dit-il; elles aviseront aux movens d'assurer le règne des lois et le maintien des droits de la nation.

"La charte sera désormais une vérité."

arbiter of the troubled hour, whom Virgil has so beautifully described his aged head crowned with the character of seventy years-appeared in the same balcony where he had been so conspicuous nearly half a century before, waving in one hand the flag of the old republic, and presenting in the other the candidate for the new monarchy. Then, and not till then, burst out the loud, hearty, and long-resounding shouts of a joyous and trusting people; then, and not till then, the nation that had been fighting for its liberties, and the party that had been plotting for their prince, understood one another, and felt that their common object was to be found in their common union. It is useless to dwell on the conversations which are stated to have taken place on this day, and which have been so frequently recounted and disputed. Their wording is of little import; their spirit could not be very different from the proclamation published at the same period, and which said nearly all that the wildest demagogues could desire. But who wants to know that in a moment of popular triumph the parties investing themselves with power must have made popular professions ?*

* CONVERSATION OF M. LAFAYETTE AND LOUIS PHILIPPE "Vous savez, lui dis-je, que je suis républicain, et que je regarde la constitution des Etats-Unis comme la plus parfaite qui ait jamais existé."-"Je pense comme vous, répondit le Duc d'Orléans; il est impossible d'avoir passé deux ans en Amérique, et de n'être pas de cet avis; mais croyez-vous, dans la situation de la France, et d'après l'opinion générale, qu'il nous convienne de l'adopter ?"—" Non, lui dis-je; ce qu'il faut aujourd'hui au peuple Français, c'est un trône populaire entouré d'institutions républicaines, tout-à-fait républicaines."-"C'est bien ainsi que je l'entends," repartit le prince.

PROCLAMATION OF GENERAL LAFAYETTE.-"La réunion des députés actuellement à Paris vient de communiquer au général en chef la résolution qui, dans l'urgence des circonstances, a nommé M. le Duc d'Orléans lieutenant-général du royaume. Dans trois jours la Chambre sera en séance régulière, conformément au mandat de ses commettants, pour s'occuper de ses devoirs patriotiques, rendus plus importants et plus étendus encore par le glorieux évènement qui vient de faire rentrer le peuple Français dans la plénitude de ses impréscriptibles droits. Honneur à la population Parisienne!

"C'est alors que les représentans des colléges électoraux, honorés de l'assentiment de la France entière, sauront assurer à la patrie, préalablement aux considérations et aux formes secondaires de gouvernement, toutes les garanties de liberté, d'égalité et d'ordre public, que

The Provisional Government was now superseded by the lieutenant-general. We are come to the 1st of August; it was a Sunday. The weather was beautiful; the streets were crowded with that idle populace so peculiarly Parisian-the churches open, the Quais thronged, and the people dancing-and everywhere you heard, everywhere you saw the national colours-the notes of the too famous " ça ira" swelling the soft breezes of a luxurious summer evening-and all Paris seemed one large family.

"Men met each other with erected look,
The steps were higher which they took,

Friends to congratulate their friends made haste,
And long inveterate foes saluted as they pass'd."
DRYDEN'S Threnod. Aug.

The 1st of August was a day of rest, a day of Jubilee. On the 2d of August came the abdication of Charles X. and of the dauphin. On the 3d the Chambers met, and the lieutenant-general opened them with a speech. On the 4th the Chamber of Deputies verified the powers of its members, and the Chamber of Peers, which had hitherto kept aloof, nominated a commission to reply to the opening speech of the lieutenant-general. On the 6th, M. C. Périer was named president of the Lower Chamber,

réclament la nature souveraine de nos droits, et la ferme volonté du peuple Français.

“Déjà sous le gouvernement d'origine et d'influences étrangères qui vient de cesser, grace à l'héroïque, rapide et populaire effort d'une juste résistance à l'aggression contre-révolutionnaire, il était reconnu que, dans la session actuelle, les demandes du rétablissement d'administrations électives, communales et départementales, la formation des gardes nationales de France sur les bases de la loi de 91, l'extension de l'application au jury, les questions relatives à la loi électorale, la liberté de l'enseignement, la responsabilité, devaient être des objets de discussion législative, préalables à tout vote de subsides; à combien plus forte raiso. ces garanties et toutes celles que la liberté et Pégalité peuvent réclamer doivent-elles précéder la concession des pouvoirs définitifs que la France jugerait à propos de conférer! En attendant, elle sait que le lieutenant-général du royaume, appelé par la Chambre, fut un des jeunes patriotes de 89, un des premiers généraux qui firent triompher le drapeau tri-colore. Liberté, égalité et ordre public, fut toujours ma devise, je lui serai fidéle."

and a commission was appointed to consider M. Berard's proposition for a modification of the Charta. On the 7th, the Duc d'Orléans was invited by the two Chambers to assume the crown upon such conditions as the alterations in the Charta, that had been agreed to, then prescribed.

"I receive with profound emotion the offer which you present to me. I regard it as the expression of the national will, and it seems to me conformable to the political principles which I have expressed all my life. Still, filled with those recollections which have always made me shrink from the idea of ascending a throne,-free from ambition, and accustomnd to the peaceful life which I have passed in my family-I cannot conceal from you the sentiments which agitate me at this great conjuncture. But there is one sentiment predominating over every other-it is the love of my country. I feel what that sentiment prescribes, and I shall fulfil its commands."

This was the prince's answer; and on the 9th, amid peals of cannon, and the loud chant of the "Marseillaise," the French people accepted Louis Philippe as King of the French, while the Bey of Titeri was vowing allegiance to Charles X., "the great and the victorious."

On the 16th of August this unfortunate monarch embarked at Cherbourg. On the 30th of July he had left St. Cloud; for a day he halted at Versailles. He halted there amid the recollections of bygone times; every tree had a story linked with far distant days; and melancholy must it have been to have seen him as he looked fondly over those stately avenues—as he lingered (and long, his attendants say, he did linger) upon the steps of that royal palace, which he had known so early, and which he will never see again. When he arrived at Rambouillet it was night. The moon threw a ghastly light on the antique tower, and into the dim court-yard of the old château, as bent with fatigue, and worn by agitation, the old king descended amid the scanty crowd, collected, less from affection than curi

osity. Here he determined to abide. The great body of the troops were bivouacked in the woods and park, and in spite of many desertions, a large force was still devotedly attached to the royal family.

There is something mysterious in the transactions of this period. In a letter, published by the dauphin (1st of August), an arrangement is spoken of as being then entered into with the Government at Paris. Almost immediately after was announced the abdication of the king and the dauphin in favour of the Duc de Bordeaux. This certainly seems to have been the arrangement previously alluded to. Whether the lieutenant-general or the government at Paris had held out any expectations, which they never had the wish, or which, if they had the wish, they had not the power, to realize, must long remain a mystery, because, if any communications did pass, it is improbable that they should have been of that direct nature which leaves the matter capable of a positive decision. But certain it is, that up to the time that the Duke of Orleans accepted the throne, Charles X. believed that it would be given to his grandson. Even the commis

M. Odillon Barrot

sioners* did not combat this belief. said " Votre majesté sentira que le sang versé pour le Duc de Bordeaux, servira mal sa cause-il ne faut pas que son nom, qui n'a pas été encore compromis dans nos débats civils, se mêle un jour à des souvenirs de sang."

Why this language, from a man so sincere as M. Odillon Barrot, if the Duc de Bordeaux was at that time out of the question?

This was on the 3d; already on the 2d the commissioners had attempted to obtain an interview with the king for the purpose of inducing him to withdraw from France, or at all events from the neighbourhood of Paris. They passed through the camp; Charles X. refused to see them. They returned to Paris, and their return was the signal for one of the most sin

* M. Schonen, M. Odillon Barrot, Marshal Maison, sent by the government.