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The Pharmacopoeia of the Royal College of Physicians of London, 1809, literally translated, and the chemical decompositions annexed; by Geo. Fred. Collier, Surgeon.

Directions for the Treatment of Persons who have taken Poison, and those in a

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Anecdotes and Characters of the House of Brunswick; by John Brown. 8vo. 9s.

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EUROPE.

FRANCE. The Session of the Legislative Chambers was opened on the 19th December by a speech from the King; which, however, throws little light upon the state of France, or upon the general politics of Europe. In that document France is represented to be in a state of peace and prosperity. In the interior successes always increasing have crowned the efforts of her laborious activity, which apply equally to agriculture, arts, and industry. A new diminution of taxes is announced, and the recent modifications in the electoral system are leading to those advantages which were anticipated. Of the foreign relations of France it is said, that time has only more closely united the alliance of which France forms a part-and that this alliance, while it averts the causes of war, ought to inspire confidence against the dangers to which social order or the political equilibrium may be exposed.

NETHERLANDS.-On the 29th December, the palace of the Prince of Orange at Brussels was totally destroyed by fire. Many valuable effects were saved, but

many were also destroyed. The flames communicated to the noble hall of the States General, and merely the bare walls of that magnificent building remain ; but all the archives and papers of government have been preserved. The Princess of Orange bore this distressing event with a courage worthy the sister of the Emperor Alexander.

SPAIN. The aspect of affairs in this country is still somewhat troubled. It appears certain, that there exists an active party in Spain, though they are small in number, who are anxious for the restoration of the ancient form of government. The spirit of the great body of the people is, however, so adverse to their views, that no fears are entertained for the stability of the present system. The discontented occasionally assemble in different parts of the Peninsula, in small companies of about 20 or 30 armed men, but their object seems to be as much predatory as political, so that it is not easy to distinguish these insurgents from ordinary banditti. In some cases the clergy are said to be the instigators of the disturbances. It would also ap

pear, that suspicions begin to be entertained of the sincerity of the king in his attachment to the new order of things. At Madrid, a groom of his majesty's bedchamber, and a colonel, with 24 other persons, have been arrested on a charge of being implicated in the counter revolutionary movement of Morales. On the 23d November, the magistrates of Madrid presented to his majesty an address, stating to him that those who keep alive this ferment are to be found in his court and palaces men who, falsely assuming to themselves the exclusive merit of loyalty, are incessantly occupied in endeavours to subvert the free constitution of their country; and they represent to his majesty the futility of all attempts to tranquillize the feelings of the people, until it shall be practically demonstrated that his majesty regards as his enemies all who are hostile to the new institutions. The Duke de l'Infantado, and Generals Bassecourt and St Marc, have been banished from Madrid, owing to the hostility which they avow to the constitutional system. An extraordinary meeting of the Cortes is talked of, for the purpose of taking precautions, as well against the internal dangers to which the country is exposed, as against those with which it is menaced from without, advices, it is said, having been received from Troppau which have caused serious alarm.

GERMANY. From Darmstadt, under the date of December 22, we learn that the new Constitution of Hesse has been pub. lished. The following are its leadings features. The first three articles relate en tirely to the relations of Hesse in the German Confederation. The fourth is the obligation of the Grand Duke to govern according to the new Constitution, and declares his person inviolable. The fifth article establishes the right of hereditary succession, which is to pass to a female in default of a male heir. The 6th, 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th articles relate to territorial possessions, which are uninteresting to English readers. Article 12 says, "The enjoyment of civil rights, public and private, is confined to natives."-Thirteenth, the right of a nation is thus acquired:-1. By birth, if the parents were natives at the tine of the birth of the individual. 2. By marriage of a foreign female with a native. 3. By the exercise of any public function. 4. By naturalization ;—all male residents, who are 21 years of age, who have lived three years in the duchy, and are not subjects of any other power. Article 15. Those who do not profess the Christian religion cannot enjoy the rights of citizens, except where the law has expressly allowed it. Art. 16. Any legal Judgment against a citizen for criminal offences deprives him of all his rights. The exercise of these rights is suspended-1st, By any judicial

or special inquiry into a criminal charge. 2dly, By failure, (until his creditors are completely satisfied,) by curatelle (guardianship) during the whole of its duration. 4th, By servitude.-Art. 17. The right of citizenship is lost-1st, By emigration. 2dly, By the marriage of a female with a foreigner. The widow, however, may recover her rights, if, during her marriage, she has continued to live in the Grand Duchy, or if, after the death of her husband, she has returned with the consent of the Government.-Art. 18. All Hessians are equal before the law.-Art. 19. Birth gives no man the right of exercising any public function.-Art. 20. The diversity of religi ous opinions under the Christian faith makes no alteration in civil or political rights.

NAPLES.-The affairs of this country continue to excite a lively interest. Before coming to a determination, as to the course they will pursue, the Allied Sovereigns have invited the King of Naples to a personal conference at Troppau, and his Majesty, with the permission of his Parliament, accordingly embarked on the 13th Dec. on board the British man of war Vengeur, for Leghorn. This request of the Allied Sovereigns gave rise to some very interesting proceedings in Naples. On the 7th the King informed his Parliament of his wish to comply with it, and of his determination "to make every exertion for the enjoyment of a liberal and wise Constitution, that whatever measure circumstances may exact relatively to our actual political state, all my efforts will be directed, that it may remain for ever fixed upon the following basis: 1. That the individual and real liberty of my beloved subjects may be secured by a fundamental law of the state. 2. That birth shall confer no privileges in the composition of the legislative body of the state. 3. That no taxes shall be imposed without the consent of the nation in its legislative representation. 4. That the accounts of public expenditure shall be refer. red to the nation itself, and to its representatives. 5. That laws shall be made in accord with the national representatives. 6. That the judicial power shall be independent. 7. That the press shall remain free, except from the operations of laws enacted against the abuses of its liberty. 8. That the ministers be responsible. 9. That the civil list shall be fixed. I farther declare that none of my subjects shall eyer receive molestation on account of past political events." The Parliament postponed its answer to the message to the next day, the 8th of December. On that day the Parliament Chamber was filled and surrounded by crowds of anxious spectators. A committee had been appointed to prepare an answer to the message. The answer of the committee was read and ap

proved of with acclamation.

It declared, that the Spanish Constitution alone must be the Constitution of Naples that this and no other had been sworn to by the King, the people, the military and civil powers and that the Parliament had not power to consent to the departure of the King, except upon the understanding that his departure should have for its object the support of the Spanish Constitution, sworn to by all. The King was singularly tractable. The Duke of Campo Chiaro sent a second message, stating, that the first had been misinterpreted, and disclaiming on the part of the King any thought of violating the Constitution, to which he had Sworn. This did not give satisfaction, and the Minister then sent a third message to the Parliament, in which was the following sentence: "I declare I will not go to Lay bach, except for the purpose of maintain. ing the Spanish Constitution. After this declaration, I desire that the Parliament will decide, in positive terms, whether they will consent to my being present at the Congress at Laybach." It would appear that the conduct of the Ministers, in this emergency, appeared either treacherous or weak. The Parliament, it was evident, had no confidence in the Duke of Campo Chiaro. Accordingly, a decree of the Prince VicarGeneral (the King's son) announced, that the six Ministers, heads of departments, bad resigned, and naming their successors. The Duke de Gallo is the new Foreign "Minister, and he is a person in whom the friends of the new order of things have great confidence. He was the person chosen to defend its interests at Vienna. The Parliament at last consented to the King's departure. He demanded the company and assistance of four members. The Parliament declined-relying, solely upon his royal faith, and his affection for his people. The departure of the King (to embark on board the Vengeur) was affecting; he was escorted by multitudes to the shore, greeted the whole way with the kindest expressions. He arrived in safety at Leghorn, and had lodgings prepared for him at Florence, on the 19th, on his way to Laybach. His suite is numerous, among whom no diplomatic person is mentioned. It is stated, however, that the Duke de Gallo was to join him at Laybach. No disorder was committed at Naples. The Prince Vicar-General or Regent directed a circular to the different Governors of Provinces, announcing the King's departure, and commanding them to preserve order and confidence, by firm and decisive conduct, on their responsibili5. It appears the Parliament of Naples had suddenly closed their modifications of the Spanish Constitution, and pronounced it complete. The changes, however, did not obtain the royal assent, which appears

to have been the object of bringing the deliberations so quickly to a conclusion. The unanimity which prevails in the Parliament is remarkable. It seems animated with one spirit. Such is the actual crisis of the affairs of Naples. The nation seems prepared to combat for its liberty and independence. It remains to be seen what will be the conduct of the Allies. A manifesto of the views of the Congress is expected shortly to appear.

AMERICA.

The New York papers of the 16th November contain the President's message to Congress, which assemble on the 14th. In this document, the President commences by congratulating the Congress upon the flourishing state of the Union. He admits the embarrassed condition of trade, but treats it as "a mild and instructive admonition from dangers to be shunned in future;" and ascribes it to the present circumstances of the world, and the transitions from war to peace.

In those parts which advert to the internal condition of the Union, the President speaks with satisfaction of the already improving prosperity, and with confidence of its increase. His tone, also, is amicable, as respects the foreign relations of the United States. The Florida question is not yet settled with Spain, but a friendly adjustment is anticipated. A brief allusion is made to the commercial restrictions, imposed upon the intercourse between the United States and the British West India and American Colonies, restrictions, it is observed, which it is satisfactory to recollect, are defensive only," on the part of the former. It is also added, that "the experiment is advancing in a spirit of amity between the parties." The question depending between the United States and Great Britain, respecting the construction of the first article of the Treaty of Ghent, has been referred by both Governments to the decision of the Emperor of Russia," who has accepted the umpirage." The discussions between France and the United States, respecting the new tonnage duty upon French vessels, are to be earried on at Washington, whither the French Minister Plenipotentiary was ordered to repair for the purpose. The state of the South American Colonies is glanced at, and a confident hope expressed that their independence must be acknowledged by the inother country.

The President next congratulates the Congress upon the flourishing state of the national revenue. On the 30th of September 1815, the funded and floating debt of the States amounted to 158,439,049 dollars; and on the 30th of September 1820, it had been reduced to 91,993,883 dollars; notwithstanding that, in the intermediate