endeavouring to attract admiration without having any love to give in return. In his Essay on "Different Classes of Female Orators," Addison says of the coquette, "She has false quarrels and feigned obligations to all the men of her acquaintance; sighs when she is not sad, and laughs when she is not merry. The coquette is in particular a great mistress of that part of oratory which is called action, and indeed seems to speak for no other purpose but as it gives her an opportunity of stirring a limb, or varying a feature, of glancing her eyes, or playing with her fan." The word is French and is the feminine form of coquet, the diminutive of coq, meaning 'a little cock,' and hence means a vain, strutting, person, one moving about with the airs of a cock absurdly proud of itself.

11. 3, 4. who do not... good, whose object in thus ornamenting themselves is to win the hearts of men, not to support that cause which, in the opinion of its advocates, is the safeguard of national prosperity. Here again Addison is employing his grave irony.

1. 6. out of principle, from a belief that in so doing they are serving their country.

1. 10. draught of marriage articles, the marriage settlement in which are laid down the terms and conditions as to property, allowances, etc., guaranteed to the wife; we now spell the word in this sense draft.

1. 11. stipulated, insisted upon it as a condition of marrying. 11. 15, 6. on the Tory... forehead, on that side of the forehead which the Tory party adorn with patches; the mole in this case being often mistaken for a patch.

11. 17-9. given an handle interest, given her enemies an excuse for asserting that her face has become a traitor to the Whig cause.

1. 22. coxcombs, conceited fops; the word originally meant the comb or crest of a cock, cocks-comb.

11. 22, 3. hanging... colours, as in the case of a vessel that seeks to deceive an enemy by hoisting the flag of the nation to which that enemy belongs or is on friendly terms with.

11. 25, 6. given them... once, turned upon them with a sudden and vehement declaration of her political principles which has utterly discomfited them; carrying on the metaphor from naval warfare.

1. 27. unhappy in a pimple, unfortunate in having a pimple whose unsightliness she seeks to conceal by a patch, which, being worn on the side affected by the Whig ladies, leads to the supposition that she belongs to that party.

1. 32. a concern... beauty, anxiety to make themselves as beautiful as possible.

1. 35. Cowley, the reference is to his Davideis, Bk. iii.

P. 44, 1. 7. puppet-show, exhibition of dancing dolls; the káth-putli nách of India.

1. 9. in order ... forces, in order to present a bold front to the enemy by gathering themselves together in a compact and numerous array.

1. 14. a distinction, a distinctive feature, a peculiar social phenomenon.

11. 29, 30. unnatural divisions, controversies on political and religious subjects in which the nation is divided against itself; unnatural, because a nation should be a brotherhood of love.

1. 34. Olympic games, athletic games and combats celebrated at Olympia in Elis once every five years.

P. 45, 1. 2. accomplishments, usually applied to proficiency in such arts as music, painting, dancing, etc.

1. 5. are of a domestic turn, are such as should be shown in the management of the home.

1. 6. province, sphere.

...

11. 11-3. When the Romans exigence, as for instance in B.C. 210, during the Punic Wars, when a proposal to this effect made by the Consul, Marcus Lavinus, was enthusiastically accepted. 1. 18. peculiar, the special privilege.

1. 20. against, as a mark of enmity towards.

1. 21. against, as her contribution to the defence against.

1. 24. recollecting, gathering up from the store of my memory. 1. 26. the celebrated... Pericles, the gist of which is given in Thucydides, ii. 45, et seqq.

11. 27, 8. in a fight... Lacedæmonians, Pericles's celebrated funeral oration was in honour of all who had fallen in the Peloponnesian War up to that date, B.C. 430, not of those only who had fallen in one particular battle.

LADIES' HEAD-DRESSES. No. 98.

P. 46, 1. 5. above thirty degrees, i.e. most enormously; as though he were speaking of the rise and fall of the temperature as shown by a thermometer.

11. 5-7. About ten ... men, "This refers to the commode (called by the French fontange), a kind of head-dress worn by the ladies at the beginning of the last century, which by means of wire bore up their hair and the fore part of the cap, consisting of many folds of fine lace, to a prodigious height. The transition from

this to the opposite extreme was very abrupt and sudden" (Ferguson). The fontange was a streaming riband on the top of a high head-dress introduced into fashion by the Duchesse de Fontanges, one of the mistresses of Louis the Fourteenth.

11. 8, 9. we appeared... them, "And there we saw the giants, the sons of Anak, which come of the giants; and we were in our own sight as grasshoppers, and so we were in their sight," Numbers, xiii. 33.

11. 12, 3. want... five, are less than five feet high. curtailed, cut down, shortened; the verb is from the adjective curtal, having a docked tail.

1. 19. sizeable, of a fair size.

1. 23. insulted by women, i.e. by their superior height.

1. 28. for adding, in favour of adding.

1. 30. her plans, sc. of nature. So, speaking of a skeleton, Tennyson, The Vision of Sin, 187, 8, "Lo! God's likeness-the ground-plan, Neither modell'd, glazed, or framed."

P. 47, 1. 1. coiffure, style of head-dress; from coif, a cap.

1. 3. valuable, sc. for their good sense.

1. 5. admire, wonder; the older and more literal sense.

1. 9. orders, styles; a word applied to architectural styles, e.g. the Corinthian order, the Gothic order.

1. 12. Juvenal, Decimus Junius, the great Roman satirist who flourished towards the close of the first century.

1. 13. orders and stories, tiers and flights; story, the height of one floor in a building, often spelt storey, to distinguish it from story, a narrative; from O.F. estorée, a thing built.

1. 25. Pigmy, a very diminutive person; more properly spelt pygmy, from Gk. IIvyμaîo, the race of Pygmies, fabulous dwarfs of the length of a πʊyμý, i.e. the length from the elbow to the fist, about thirteen inches. Cp. Milton, P. L. i. 575, 6, "that small infantry Warred on by cranes.

1. 26. Colossus, a gigantic statue; particularly the celebrated Colossus at Rhodes, dedicated to the sun, seventy ells high; hence used of any one of a gigantic size.

1. 27. fontanges, see note on 11. 5-7, above.

1. 32. this Gothic building, an allusion to the Gothic order of architecture and also to the word 'Gothic' as a synonym for barbarous, rude. The Goths were a powerful German people who played an important part in the overthrow of the Roman empire, whence 'Gothic' came to mean anything that was hostile to civilization.

P. 48, 1. 1. commode, see note, p. 46, 11. 5-7; commode is a

French substantive arrangement, formed from the adjective of the same spelling in the sense of 'convenient,' 'suitable.'

1. 1-3. as the magicians... apostle, "Many of them also that used curious arts brought their books together and burned them before all men," Acts, xix. 19.

1. 13. it lay... persecution, it was so abhorred that those persisting in it were subject to a kind of persecution.

11. 19, 20. like... horns, snails, when disturbed, rapidly withdrawing themselves into their shells from which they had protruded their heads.

1. 26. exorbitance, extravagance; literally a going beyond the proper orbit, as eccentricity' is a departing from the

centre.

1. 28. the fashion, i.e. of the time.

P. 49, l. 1. double row of ivory, the upper and lower teeth. 1. 3. curious... sense, the ears.

1. 7. cupola, crowning glory; a cupola is a sort of dome, or cup-shaped roof of a building; Lat. cupa, a cup.

1. 11. gew-gaws, toys, playthings, trifles. bone-lace, lace in setting out the pattern of which the lace-makers formerly used bones instead of pins; cp. T.N. ii. 4. 45, "the free maids that weave their thread with bones," and Fletcher's Scornful Lady, v. 2, "she cuts cambric at a thread, weaves bone-lace, and quilts balls."

EXERCISE OF THE FAN. No. 102.

1. 17. coquettes, see note on p. 43, 11. 1-3.

1. 24. do more execution, cause more slaughter (figuratively). 1. 25. entire... weapon, as perfectly skilled in the use of their weapon, the fan, as men are taught to be in the use of the sword. Here the academy is in imitation of the fencing-schools in which the art of defence was taught, and degrees of Scholar, Master, Provost, conferred.

P. 50, 1. 5. Handle... Fans, in imitation of the words of command used in the sword and musket exercises.

1. 15. modish, fashionable, the mode' meaning the proper mode, the mode or method in vogue among fashionable women. 11. 21-3. then gives ... fan, gestures common with ladies in society.

1. 25. close, closed, not unfurled.

1. 28. flirts, shakes; from A.S. fleard, a piece of folly, a giddy action.

11. 29, 30. many... itself, many loosenings of the folds of the fan that from the easy grace with which it is handled seems to open of itself.

1. 32. discovers, reveals. Cp. p. 22, 1. 23.

II. 32-4. an infinite number... figures, the fans being painted in a variety of designs.

P. 51, 1. 2. one general crack, a report, like that of a feu de joie with muskets, caused by all the fans being sharply closed at the same instant; the word Discharge keeping up the metaphor of the discharge of a fire-arm.

1. 5. their first entrance, their first admission to the academy. give a pop, produce a report.

1. 9. letting off, discharging; again keeping up the same metaphor.

1. 11. may come in properly, may be used with propriety and to advantage.

1. 17. in course, in the regular order of things; as in musketry exercise the grounding of the musket follows upon discharging it. 1. 22. with an air, with a fashionable, graceful, gesture.

11. 27, 8. like ladies... visit, as ladies are wont to do, after paying a long visit, as an excuse for leaving.

1. 30. Recover, another military term, used when, after ‘standing at ease,' the troops being drilled again bring their muskets to the proper position for using them.

1. 35. lay aside, reserve as the proper season for their exercise. dog-days, in the middle of summer, so called because the dog-star, canicula, is then overhead, and is supposed to cause extreme heat.

P. 52, 1. 12. a disciplined lady, a lady who has been well drilled in the exercise of the fan.

1. 15. come within the wind of it, ventured within range of the fierce blast caused by its being waved with such anger.

11. 16-8. that I have been glad... from it, as otherwise the lover would have been likely to take an undue advantage of the encouragement to his hopes which the languishing air of the fan seemed to imply. a prude, one who affects an excess of modesty.

11. 27, 8. of gallanting a fan, of carrying, fetching, handing, the fan in the way that a gallant, graceful-mannered, admirer of a lady should do."

1. 29. plain fans, fans that are not decorated like those used by ladies, and that can be handled by untrained youths without damage from their awkwardness,