Egyptian science. My facts and the conclusions derived from them have been approved in leading philological, philosophical, and psychological reviews; in others a different view is taken, or a reservation appended, as is natural when questions of this magnitude are first mooted. As regards Egyptologists more particularly, not one has undertaken to disprove inversion, homonymy, synonymy, differentiation, and Vowel change, as attributed by me to primitive Egyptian speech; however frequently my books have been accorded the honour of a public notice, I have heard of no dissent on these several points. It seems to me that even if Prof. Whitney's representation concerning want of support were correct-which it is not,-to give a complete account of the case, his statement would require to be supplemented by another admitting the want of contradiction. His assertion would be correct, were it confined to regret at the comparative indifference to grammar, shown by leading men of the department. C. ABEL. LESSIN G. Kühne's words, which Stahr put on the title-page of his "Life of Lessing,"* "Auf Lessing zurückgehen heisst jetztfortschreiten," seem still to inspire German savants to investigate and study the life, character and works of the author of "Nathan the Wise." We have on our table two new lives and two new editions of the works of Lessing. It seemed, when Sime'st masterly biography appeared, that little if anything remained to be said of Lessing. His book is more comprehensive than anything that has yet appeared either in Germany or England, and it is written from an entirely different standpoint to either of the two new works before us, viz. from an English point of view. It is therefore essentially the work for the English reader. The two new lives of Lessing are by Düntzer and Schmidt. Düntzer's book is, as are all his works, very accurate, very precise, very detailed, and very studious. He carefully describes Lessing in his home-life, and although he writes with much love for his subject, still he never lets his enthusiasm carry him away and make his biography a eulogy. His endeavour is always to enlighten his readers on every obscure point in the story he is telling, and he never shuns relating even small and perhaps less noble traits of his hero, when truth requires it. He thus produces a very true picture of Lessing's real character. We see the man as he lived, the man who would never bow to undue authority, who would not recognize the old-established authority of the French dramatists, but crushed their influence by comparing them with the Greek classics and with Shakespeare. If in any way Düntzer fails to do his subject justice, it is only by his over-zealous endeavours to show everything in its real light, when from time to time he loses touch of the real object of his assertions in order to prove or explain unimportant details. But then he soon seems to become aware of it himself and quickly returns to the point from where he digressed. We can strongly recommend this excellent book, which is well printed and embellished with a number of well-executed authentic illustrations.-Of Erich Schmidt's § * The Life and Works of Gotthold Ephraim Lessing. From the German of Ad. Stahr, by E. P. Evans. 2 vols. 8vo. Boston, 1866. London: Trübner & Co. Lessing, by James Sime. Second edition. 2 vols, with portraits. 8vo. cloth. London: Trübner & Co. 1879. # Lessing's Leben von Heinrich Düntzer. Mit authentischen Illustrationen. 8vo. pp. xvi. and 668. Leipzig, 1882. Lessing. Geschichte seines Lebens und seiner Schriften von Erich Schmidt. Vol. 1. 8vo. pp. vii. and 487. With portrait. Berlin, 1884. life of Lessing only the first volume has as yet appeared. It is very different indeed from Düntzer's book. We learn far less of Lessing, the man in private or public, but infinitely more of the author, the poet, the philosopher, the savant. Schmidt explains the origin of Lessing's different works; how his mind first caught the idea; how the work grew; how it was produced, and under what sort of influences Lessing was at the time of writing. A large part of the work therefore falls to Lessing's contemporaries, on his connection with them, and on his attitude, friendly or hostile, towards them. We are very anxious indeed to see the second volume. Prefixed to Vol. I. is an etching of Fischbein's portrait of Lessing, contained in the National Gallery at Berlin.Of the two new editions of Lessing's works, one || is published by the old classic firm of Cotta, in connection with Messrs. Kröner Bros., both at Stuttgart. It is to be completed in twenty volumes, of which ten have appeared. The volumes are printed in large and legible type, on strong, slightly tinted, paper, with introductions by H. Göring. They are handy cloth-bound volumes, the cheapness (1s. each) of which seems to guarantee success to the publishers. The other edition of Lessing's works forms part of a very remarkable new undertaking of Mr. W. Spemann at Stuttgart and Berlin, called "Deutsche National Litteratur," of which we hope to speak more fully at some future occasion. Three volumes only have yet appeared, but they amply prove that this edition when completed will with the editions of Goethe, Schiller, and Wieland, in the same series, be the best standard edition of the German poets. Lessing's works are edited by Dr. R. Boxberger, whose introductions and notes are by far the best we have seen. The volumes are extremely well printed, and although there is no indication as to the number of volumes Lessing will occupy in this series, we imagine that the publishers will wisely abstain from making the price of the complete edition much higher than the Cotta-Kröner edition. We wish Mr. Spemann the very best success for this new enterprise, which cannot fail to bring him honour in the literary world, and, we hope, ample remuneration for his noble venture. || Lessing's sämmtliche Werke, in 20 Bänden. Herausgegeben und mit Einleitungen versehen von Hugo Göring. Vols. 1 to 10, 8vo. cloth. Stuttgart, n.d. (1883-4.) Deutsche National Litteratur. Historisch Kritische Ausgabe herausgegeben von J. Kürschner. Vols. 58 to 60. Lessing's Werke. Herausgegeben von R. Boxberger. Vols. 1 to 3. 8vo. Berlin and Stuttgart, n. d. (1883-4). LITERARY INTELLIGENCE. THE FURNIVALL PENSION.-Mr. Frederick J. Furnivall M.A., has been placed on the Civil Service list for a pension of £150 per annum, in recognition of his patriotic labours in promoting the study of Early English by founding the "Early English Text," the Chaucer," the "Ballad" and many other Societies, for printing our early MSS., and reprinting of the scarce old printed English literature, which, thanks to his enterprise and energy, are now in successful operation and flourishing condition. SANSKRIT LEXICOGRAPHY.-With reference to our article on Dr. Zachariae's edition of the Sás'vatakos'a (see RECORD of 1882, p. 3), we notice here a recent publication by the same scholar, entitled, " Beiträge zur indischen Lexicographie " (Berlin, 1883, Weidmannsche Buchhandlung), confining ourselves to an analysis of the principal contents of the book. In the introduction, the author firstly gives a short review of the most renowned native dictionaries, or Kos'as, that have come down to us. He then proceeds to discuss the relations subsisting between the Kos'as and three modern Sanskrit dictionaries-the Petersburg dictionary, Goldstücker's unfinished dictionary, and Rádhákánta's Sabdakalpadruma-in order to show that, owing to the corrupt state of editions or manuscripts used by the compilers, a number of blunders have crept into the works just named. The next part of the introduction treats of the mistakes that have been committed by the ancient lexicographers themselves in comparatively early times. In the sequel the author shows that the surprising variety of meanings taught in the native dictionaries may in part at least be explained by the fact that many of them are given for certain derivations, compounds, and lastly, for certain passages in Sanskrit works. We would direct the attention of the reader to the interesting discussion on artificial Sanskrit words (pp. 24-26). In the body of the book, the author enlarges upon the Prakritic elements in the Sanskrit language generally, and those found in the Kosas particularly. This is perhaps the most important section of the whole. In conclusion, an account is given of some commentaries, recently discovered, or homonymous glossaries, together with emendations for the faulty text of the Calcutta edition of Hemachandra's Anek árthasangraha. A carefully worked Index of words facilitates the use of the small but significant volume. DR. LEITNER AT THE LEYDEN CONGRESS.-On Saturday, September 15, Dr. G. W. Leitner of Lahore, gave a résumé of the paper announced in the programme in the Arian Section of the Leyden Oriental Congress on the following subjects (1) The languages and races of Hunza, Kafiristan, and of the so-called "neutral zone (illustrated by photographs); (2) the professional and secret trade-dialects, the argots or dialects of the criminal and wandering tribes of Northern India, and the cryptographic and other characters (including the Shawlwriting), of the Panjab, Kabul and Kashmir (illustrated by sets of colours and drawings); (3) the state of learning and systems of instruction among :- "As it is Muhammadans, Hindus and Sikhs in Upper India; (4) further proofs in support of the influence of Greek art on the Buddhist sculpture of the Panjab (illustrated by photographs). At the conclusion of his summary, Dr. Leitner was warmly thanked by the President of the Section, Professor Roth, for his most interesting and important communication. The Vice-President, Dr. Kern, then proposed, and Dr. T. H. Thornton seconded the following resolution: "Considering the importance of the Græco-Buddhistic sculptures discovered on the North-west frontier of the Panjab, the photographs of which the Congress has been able to examine, the Congress expresses the hope that the Government of India will be able to place them more within reach of scholars in Europe, either by increasing, as far as possible, the number of original sculptures sent to London, or by distributing prints and photographs to the principal museums of Europe in exchange for sculptures or copies" (that is to say, London is to reciprocate with original sculptures, and Continental museums with copies in return for prints and photographs). The following proposal, by Professor Bühler, was also submitted to Congress by the President of the Arian Section: very desirable that an exchange of publications be established between the Oriental Institutions of Europe and the literary and teaching bodies of India, Orientalists who desire to extend their relations in that direction, and in particular to procure the publications of the University of the Panjab and of other literary bodies of that province, are desired to address Dr. G. W. Leitner, Registrar of the Panjab University, and Principal of the Government College, and of the Oriental College at Lahore. Dr. Leitner will also be glad to submit to the Senate of the University of the Panjab any proposal for the publication of learned editions of Oriental texts and translations, as also of books of reference likely to be consulted by Orientalists, and which European scholars may be prepared to compose." On the same day, in the Central Asian Section, Dr. Leitner gave an account of the races and languages between Kabul and Kashmir and adjoining districts of the Hindukush, with special reference to the brochure on the "Yidgah and Yaghnobi," the former of which he had compared with nine other dialects. Dr. Leitner pointed out that, at the instance of M. Léon de Rosny, a fairly extensive vocabulary of these dialects had already been printed for the Ethnographical Congress, but this was not enough. The sentences, songs, legends or fables in which the words occurred should also be published. This he hoped he would have leisure to do, now that his main work the foundation of an Oriental University in the Panjab-had been accomplished. Dr. Leitner also drew attention to the remarkable fusion of the pronouns with a great number of substantives and verbs in the language of Hunza, so as to render any separation, with the view of finding the root, difficult, if not impossible. The conjecture that Hunza was the original seat of the Huns was interesting, but required a very careful investigation. The morals of Hunza were lax, and the religion was a peculiar abortion of Shiite Muhammadanism, whereas the Nagyris on the other side of the river that separated them from Hunza were pious Shiahs. Dr. Leitner then gave amusing instances from his own experience and that of others of the difficulty of obtaining correct replies to questions put to savages or semicivilized races, and he warned the learned societies of Europe against sending out travellers who were not also linguists or were accompanied by linguists, and who did not cultivate a sympathetic and patient attitude towards the natives of the countries which they were sent to explore. At the conclusion of Dr. Leitner's address, Gen. Pears proposed, and M. Léon de Rosny seconded, and the Section unanimously passed the following resolution:-"That the elaboration and publication of the material regarding the races and languages of the Hindukush collected by Dr. Leitner since 1866, and of which portions have appeared at considerable intervals, be now accelerated by the special action of the enlightened Government of India." - "PEARLS OF THE FAITH," AND ITS AUTHOR. -His Majesty the Sultan has sent Mr. Edwin Arnold, through His Excellency the Turkish Ambassador in London, the insignia and letters patent of the third class of the Imperial Order of the Osmanlie, "In token of his high satisfaction with (Mr. Arnold's book) the Pearls of the Faith."" THE BOOK OF THE SWORD. - Under this title Messrs. Chatto and Windus, Piccadilly, have published a large 8vo. volume, by Captain Richard F. Burton, a history of the sword, a weapon, as he says, that has lived through all time." It has in all ages been the emblem of power; to deliver up the sword was considered a token of submission, and amongst knights, to kiss the hilt of the sword was held to be a binding oath, though probably that idea arose from the hilt being in the form of a cross. Captain Burton gives us a preamble on the origin of weapons from the stone age to the present time. His book forms an illustrated monograph of consider able value, containing information only to be found before by searching through many volumes. The chapter on the "Sword, what is it ?" goes into the etymology of the word sword, which doubtless came from the Old Norse, and sain from Eastern sources. ORIENTAL CARPETS.-The high prices of good Oriental carpets are notorious, and it was to endeavour to reduce their cost to the British public, by doing away with some of the middlemen, and to insure the regular supply of a genuine article, that induced Mr. Herbert Coxon, of Newcastle-on-Tyne, to undertake a journey to the regiona bordering on the Caspian Sea. The experiences of this journey he has recorded in an amusing volume (Mr. T. Fisher Unwin, Paternoster Square), illustrated by Mr. W. F. Smiles, a local artist, from photographs made by an enterprising French artist residing in Tiflis. In a letter from Baku which appeared in the Globe of October 12th, 1883, was the following paragraph: "Through Baku there recently passed a Newcastle carpet-dealer, who had come out to the Caucasus and Persia to open up a direct trade in Oriental carpets between the Tyne and the principl carpet centres of the East. To the Russians here sud enterprise is amazing, and I must say that the fact deserva record in these days, when English commercial enterprises often said to be degenerating, that one of the first European to travel along the new Baku railway should be an English provincial dealer." TRANSLATIONS OF THE VEDABBHA - JATAKA (Fausboll's Text, vol. i. p. 252).-The great interest felt both by Orientalists and students of folk-lore in the publication of the Jātaka-tales has been recently confirmed by the almost simultaneous appearance of two translations of the same Jataka, by scholars whose position and attainments make us particularly glad to find them numbered amongst the students of Buddhist text. The first of these, by Mr. C. H. Tawney, of Calcutta, the translator of the Kathasaritsagara and other important works, appeared in vol. xii. of the Journal of Philology," a periodical which has more than once received valuable contributions to the study of Indian literature from the pen of Professor Cowell and others. The second was privately printed by H. T. Francis, sub-Librarian of the University Library, Cambridge. We may also refer to the same writer's note in the " Academy" of December, 1883. Both versions are at once thoroughly literal and readable, and to both are added interesting accounts of the reappearance of the story in Chaucer's Pardoner's Tale, and in the Italian Novelle of the sixteenth century. Mr. Francis has also illustrated his version with notes that leave few, if any, of the difficulties of the original undiscussed, and are also full of a quaint humour that accords well with these most humorous productions of the Indian mind. It is only a matter of regret that so entertaining a brochure has not been given to the world at large. ARMINIUS VAMBERY. Mr. T. Fisher Unwin has just issued a third edition of the Life of Arminius Vambery, the well-known traveller in, and writer on, Central Asia. Vambery was one of a large and poor family, and his life shows what can be done by individual effort in spite of adverse circumstances. The volume is an exceedingly interesting and readable one, and we must own it bears no internal evidence of having been written by a foreigner. Mr. Vam bery thinks that England has a mission in Central Asia, which she should not neglect; but, leaning to the Con servative side in English politics, from his knowledge that those principles are best adapted to the East, he has at various times been virulently attacked by the Liberals. From these attacks he defends himself in the concluding chapters of his life. YE LEADENHALLE PRESSE.-Messrs. Field and Tuer, of Leadenhall Street, have added two volumes to their "Parchment Series," one being the "Oldest Diarie of Englysshe Travell," a pilgrimage of Sir Richard Torkington to Jeru salem in 1517, edited by W. J. Lottie from the MS. in the British Museum: the other one is by Mr. James Millington, Are we to Read Backwards? or, what is the best Print for the Eyes?" The author sums up by concluding, "No print is readable enough to preserve the sight of those who in defiance of fixed natural laws, subject their eyes to a greater or longer strain than that to which the animal economy 18 adapted." Messrs. Field and Tuer have also issued an English translation of "John Bull and his Island," translated from the French under the supervision of the author. Although it may not be flattering to our vanity to "see our selves as others see us," this is an amusing book, and much of it is true, although it is decidedly written in the style of a brief of the counsel for the prosecution. RAFFAELLO SANZIO.. Mr. Louis Fagan has published with the Fine Art Society (Limited), New Bond Street, a study on the Sonnet in the British Museum in the handwriting of the celebrated painter Raphael, and which is all the documentary evidence he has left of his susceptibility of the tender passion. Some have said that this Sonnet was addressed to Fornarina, but we are afraid that the Fornarina story, when subjected to the modern tests for history, must be relegated to the regions of mythland, together with other pseudo-historical stories, such as "William Tell," "Robin Hood," "Whittington and his Cat," etc. Mr. Fagan gives a description of the celebrated Sonnet, with three facsimiles, also Richardson's text published in 1772, with his translation, a French translation by Henri Blaze de Bury, and a German one by Hermann Grimm; and last, but not least, we must not forget to mention Mr. Fagan's own translation, to which we give the palm, as adhering closest to spirit and form of the original. Only one hundred copies of this Sonnet are printed, at 10s. each, and the proceeds of the sales are to go towards the relief of the victims of the earthquake at Casamicciola. LUTHER'S TABLE TALK. Mr. T. Fisher Unwin, of Paternoster Square, has issued the Fourth Centenary edition of Selections from the Table Talk of Doctor Martin Luther, in a small volume, printed in antiquarian style by Messrs. Unwin Bros., and bound in parchment boards, after the fashion of the books of the period when it was written by the great Doctor, who is a national hero of the German people. This elegant little edition has been produced at an appropriate season, and ought to prove a remunerative venture for the publisher. CARMEN SYLVA.-Mr. T. Fisher Unwin has presented us with an English translation, by Miss Helen Zimmern, of 'Pilgrim Sorrow," a cycle of tales by Carmen Sylva, the talented young Queen Elizabeth of Roumania. This lady was the only daughter of Prince Hermann, of Wied-Neu-Wied, a miniature principality between Coblenz and Audernach, and her writings are tinged with the sorrows of her early life, and being acquainted with misfortune she naturally sympathises with its victims. The statue which the wives of the officers of the Roumanian army erected of her in the act of giving a draught of water to a wounded soldier shows how she is beloved by her subjects. Muma Rantilor (mother of the wounded) is the name by which she is known amongst them, and worthily she earned it by her exertions to alleviate the suffering during the late war. THE "FAN" AND THE "SUNSHADE." It is only in France that such productions as those of Messrs. Octave Uzanne, who contribute the text, and Monsieur Avril, who contributes the illustrations, could be designed; in these volumes the author and artist have worked together to produce books that will at the same time amuse and charm. French is no doubt the proper language for those who can read them in it, but they are too superb to be allowed to exist with only a French text, and Messrs. Nimmo and Bain, of King William Street, Strand, have issued editions with an English translation of the text, printed by the Ballantyne press. The exquisite tinted illustrations of these volumes remind us of the time of Stoddart, except that the discovery of the use of aniline has enabled the printer to produce a much greater variety of tints than the few which were in vogue in his day. Messrs. Uzanne and Avril first brought out the Fan," which was so successful that they supplemented it by a volume on the "Sunshade, Muff, and Glove," forming a second and concluding series of works devoted to "Woman's Ornaments," which introduce us to many nations and ages like a panorama, accompanied by an amusing and instructive lecture. THE GENTLEMAN'S MAGAZINE LIBRARY.-Under this title Mr. Eliot Stock, of Paternoster Row, is issuing "Sylvanus Urban Redivivus," or all the choice and valuable lore that appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine. It will appear in 14 divisions, the first of which, a volume on "Manners and Customs," is before us. The series will be edited by G Laurence Gomme, F.S.A., and will embody the cream of the Gentleman's Magazine from 1731 to 1868. We think such a series should be a successful venture, as very much of the matter that appeared in Sylvanus Urban's Magazine is as interesting at the present day as it was at the time it was penned. A BIRTHDAY PRESENTATION AT HERTFORD.-Many of our readers will be pleased to hear of the presentation to Mr. Stephen Austin, the veteran Oriental printer of Hertford, on the occasion of his entering his eightieth year, of a testimonial and address. We print a cutting from the Hertfordshire Mercury of Dec. 8th, giving particulars." On Friday, November 30, a deputation from the employés of the firm of Stephen Austin and Sons waited upon the senior member of the firm, and in the name of their fellow workmen presented him with a valuable gold pencil case, and a beautifully printed and framed address, of which the following is a copy-Presented to Mr. STEPHEN AUSTIN, Nov. 30, 1883.-We, the undernamed, beg respectfully to congratulate you on the occasion of your entering upon the Eightieth Year of a very active, honourable, and useful life, and to ask your acceptance of the accompanying Gold Pencil Case as a slight memento of our high respect and esteem. We desire thankfully to record that you have been to many of us for long periods-ranging even up to sixty-two yearsa kindly master, counsellor, and friend. We earnestly hope you may yet long be spared as the head of this large and widely renowned establishment, and live to see it advance to still greater prosperity and usefulness. May this birthday and each succeeding day bring to you all the happiness that human life can enjoy.' The address was signed by between fifty and sixty of the employés, and it is worthy of note that the average term of service of the signatories was 12 years, one having been 62 years in the employ of the firm, four over 30 years, seven over 20, and so on. After the presentation there was a mass meeting' of the employés, when Mr. Stephen Austin cordially thanked them for remembering him on the occurrence of his 79th birthday, and gave them some excellent advice. At the close of his remarks three hearty cheers were given for him." En Memoriam. KESHUB CHUNDER SEN.-The great Indian religious and social reformer, Keshub Chunder Sen, died on January the 8th. He may be said to be the founder of the reformed church of the Brahmo Somaj. This sect was founded by Rammohun Roy in 1830, but his conservatism did not entirely divest it of the superstitions or rites of the Vedic Religion, and it commenced a new era in 1866, under the guidance of Keshub Chunder Sen, when it became the "Brahmo Soinaj (Church of One God) of India," divested of all dogmatism and caste distinctions. Keshub Chunder Sen was born at Calcutta in 1837, of the physician class, and received a good English education, and wrote and spoke that language as fluently as an Englishman; he was a great advocate of temperance and vegetarianism, and the aim and scope of the doctrines he preached will be seen by a manifesto he published on the first day of 1883, which we subjoin :-"Keshub Chunder Sen, a servant of God, called to be an apostle of the Church of the New Dispensation, which is in the holy city of Calcutta, the metropolis of Aryavarta, to all the great nations of the world and to the chief religious sects in the East and West; to the followers of Moses, of Jesus, of Buddha, of Confucius, of Zoroaster, of Mahomet, of Nanak, and the various branches of the Hindoo Church; to all saints and sages, bishops and elders, ministers and missionaries; grace be unto you, and peace everlasting. Whereas discord and strife, schisms and enmities, prevail in our Father's family, causing bitterness and unhappiness, impurity and unrighteousness, and even war, carnage, and bloodshed; whereas this setting of brother against brother and sister against sister in the name of religion has proved a fruitful source of evil, and is itself a sin against God and man,-it has pleased God to send into the world a message of peace and love, of harmony and reconciliation. To this New Dispensation, in boundless mercy vouchsafed to us in the East, we have been commanded to bear witness among the nations of the earth. Thus saith the Lord-Sectarianism is an abomination unto me, and unbrotherliness I will not tolerate. I desire love and unity, and my children shall be of one heart, even as I am one. Hear, ye men, there is one music but many instruments, one body but many limbs, one spirit but by diverse gifts, one blood yet many nations. Blessed are the peacemakers, who reconcile differences and establish peace, goodwill and brotherhood. These words hath the Lord our God spoken unto us. His new gospel he hath revealed unto us is a gospel of exceeding joy. In the Church Universal already planted are all prophets and all Scriptures harmonized in beautiful synthesis. And these blessed tidings the loving Father has charged us to declare unto all nations, that being of one blood they may also be of one faith and rejoice in one Lord. Thus shall all discord cease, saith the Lord, and peace shall reign on earth. Humbly therefore I exhort you, brethren, to accept this new message of universal love. Hate not, but love one another, and be ye one in spirit and in truth, even as the Father is one. All errors and impurities ye shall eschew in whatever nation they may be found, but ye shall hate no Scripture, no prophet, no church. Renounce all superstition and error, infidelity and scepticism, vice and sensuality, and be ye pure and perfect. Gather ye the wisdom of the East and the West, and accept the example of the saints of all ages. So shall the most fervent devotion, the deepest communion, the warmest philanthropy, the strictest justice, and the highest purity of the best men in the world be yours. Above all, love one another and merge all differences in universal brotherhood. Beloved brethren, accept our love and give us yours, and let us all with one heart celebrate the New Dispensation of the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of Man." LENORMANT.-Prof. François Lenormant, who died Dec. 9, 1883, was born at Paris, Jan. 17, 1837. After leaving the University, he devoted himself to archæology and numismatics. He wrote numerous articles for a review, "Le Correspondent," started by his father, Charles, an eminent archaeologist and numismatist, and he also wrote for the "Revue de Numismatique" (Paris), and for the "Rheinisches Museum für Philologie at Bonn. In the year 1862 Lenormant was appointed sub-librarian of the Institut de France, and in the year 1874, Professor of Archaeology at the National Library, Paris. His chief works are, Manuel d'Histoire Ancienne de l'Orient jusqu'aux Guerres Médiques," and a supplementary work to the same, "Atlas d'Histoire Ancienne de l'Orient, antérieurement aux Guerres Médiques." NOORDEN. We regret to have to announce the death on Christmas Day, 1883, of Karl von Noorden, Professor of History at the University of Leipzig. Born at Bonn on the 11th of September, 1833, he studied at the University of that town and afterwards at Marburg and Berlin. In 1863 he took his degree at Bonn, and lectured there for five years. He was appointed Professor of History at Greifswald in 1868, whence he proceeded to Marburg, and afterwards to Tübingen, finally returning to Bonn. In 1877 he was called to Leipzig to take the chair of History, which he held until his death, As a writer von Noorden was conscientious and hardworking. He was not prolific, but all his work is of sterling quality. Unfortunately he has left incomplete his opus magnum, viz. an elaborate History of Europe during the Eighteenth Century,' of which only the history of the Spanish succession, in three volumes, has appeared. We subjoin a list of his works: Symbolae ad comparandum mythologiam vedicam cum mythologia germanica imprimis pertinentes ad pagnam Dei aestivicum dracone. Adjectis nonnullis Rigvedae hymnis e libro viii. ix. et x. typis nondum impress ad Deum Indram. 8vo. Bonn, 1855.-Die Sage von Hel Liederkreis nach der Edda. 16mo. Bonn, 1857.-Hinkmar, Erzbischof von Rheims. Ein Beitrag zur Staats and Kirchengeschichte des westfränkischen Reiches in der zweiten Hälfte des 9ten Jahrhunderts. 8vo. Bonn, 1863.Europäische Geschichte im 18ten Jahrhundert Erste Abtheilung: Der Spanische Erbfolgekrieg. 3 vols. 8vo. Leipzig, 1870-1883. An excellent study on Lord Bolingbroke by von Noorden recently appeared in Raumer's Taschenbuch. NEW AMERICAN BOOKS AND RECENT IMPORTATIONS. Adams (H. B., Ph.D.)-Village Communities of Berthelot (M. P. E.)-Explosive Materials: & Series of Lectures Delivered before the College de France at Paris; Translated by Marcus Benjamin; [also] A Short Historical Sketch of Gunpowder; from the German of Karl Braun, by Lieut. J. P. Wisser, U.S.A.; and a Bibliography of Works on Explosives. 18mo. boards, pp. iv.180. New York. 2s. 6d. Aldrich (T. B.)-Mercedes, and later Lyrics. Billings (J. S., M.D.)-Medical Bibliography. Crown 8vo. cloth, pp. 111. Boston. 6s. 6d. Aldrich (T. B.)-Works; Illustrated by the Paint and Clay Club. 8vo. cloth, pp. ii. and 249. Boston. £1 5s. Andrews (J. W.)-Church Law: Suggestions on the Law of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of America; its Sources and Scope. 12mo. cloth, pp. v. and 142. New York, 6s. 6d. Apples of Sodom.-A Story of Mormon Life. 12mo. cloth, pp. 322. Cleveland (Ohio). 7s. 6d. The author hopes "this book may serve as a drop to overflow the bucket of popular prejudice against Mormonism." The appendix gives the articles of Mormon faith as published by Joseph Smith in 1842, and also the revelation on the patriarchal order of matrimony given that "Saint" in 1843. Arius, the Libyan.-An Idyl of the Primitive Church. 12mo. cloth, pp. iv. and 398. New York. 7s. 6d. A new writer, who withholds his name; has written a very powerful romance of the early Christians. Babyland. Edited by Editors of Wide Awake. Square 8vo. bds. pp. vi.-104. Illustrated. Boston. 4s. Baird (H. M.)-The Rise of the Huguenots of France. New Edition. 2 vols. 8vo. cloth. With Maps. New York. Reduced to 18s. Barrows (W.)--Oregon: the Struggle for Possession. 12mo. cloth, pp. ix. and 363, with Maps. Boston. 6s. 6d. American Commonwealths, Vol. 2. The Spanish, French, Russian, and English occupation of Oregon, one of the youngest States in the Union, and the struggle of each nation in succession for possession, is a narrative rich in a special interest. Mr. Barrows omits no detail in his strikingly graphic presentation of the story. 8vo. paper, pp. 23. Baltimore, Address delivered before the Medical and Chirurgical Faculty of the State of Maryland, 1883, and reprinted from the Transactions of that Society. It is a survey, or rather sketch of the field of medical bibliography from the publication of the "Bibliotheca Medica, by Paschalis Gallus (Pascal Lecoq), in 1590, to the present time. It contains a plea for completing and keeping the medical library in Washington apart from the Congressional library, and gives some curious statistics showing that the Washington library is more complete in many respects than the collections of works on medicine in the British Museum and the Bibliothèque Nationale. Blake (Mary) - Twenty-Six Hours a Day. 12mo. cloth, pp. 212. Boston. 6s. 6d. This book is dedicated to busy mothers, hoping to help solve some of the troublesome problems of a woman's life. Boner (J. H.)—Whispering Pines: Poems. 12mo. paper, pp. 167. New York. 5s. The Boston Gazette estimates this volume of poems as above the average of the verse that is poured forth. Bo-Peep for Little Folks: Prose and Poetry for Little Ones. Square 8vo. boards. Illustrated. Boston. 4. Little stories in large type for little children. Fully illustrated with many full-page pictures, Brehat (A. de)-The Black Sorceress: A Tale of the Peasants' War: adapted from the French by A. D. H. 12mo. cloth, pp. 303. Chicago. 5s. Germany, in the sixteenth century, furnishes the scene of this historical story that gives a good picture of the manners and morals as well as of the chivalry and superstitions of that exciting period immediately preceding and following the Reformation. Brooks (W. K.)-The Law of Heredity: A Study of the Cause of Variation and the Origin of Living Organisms. 12mo. cloth, pp. xii. and 336. Illustrated. Baltimore. 10s. Amusing comments, paragraphs and anecdotes taken from the newspapers, either illustrating or burlesquing popular proverbs. The collection is very entertaining reading, as it should be, emanating from some of the wittiest writers on the press. Grouped under subjects. Bruce (A. B., D.D.)-The Parabolic Teaching of Christ: a Systematic and Critical Study of the Parables of our Lord. 8vo. cloth, pp. x. and 515. New York. 12s. 6d. Bryant (W. C.) To the Fringed Gentian; Illustrated by Lambert Hollis. 8vo. fringed. Boston. 6s. 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