66 zeal and intrepidity; but he surpassed even him-moirs. The star of Napoleon was no sooner in the self in the battle which took place yesterday, and ascendant than Ney began to perceive and feel the he had two horses killed under him. change which that great master spirit was working "I have thought myself justified in promoting in the destinies of France. The enthusiasm about him, upon the field of battle, to the rank of general the Conqueror of Italy was all but universal: gene of brigade. A commission of this grade was for-rals offered to resign their armies that he might lead warded to him eighteen months ago, but his modesty them. Moreau. it was publicly credited, was t did not allow him then to accept it. By confirming marry one of Napoleon's sisters; and generals and this promotion, Citizens Directors, you will perform legislators alike crowded the levee of one who could a striking act of your justice.' appreciate the merits of both. Ney saw the charge The van of the army was now committed to this in the domestic, as well as public, state of the na intrepid general; he was under the eye, not only of tion; he rejoiced in the return of order, but, as a reKleber, but of Jourdan and Moreau. The commis-publican, he was troubled with many fears. sion of general of brigade came from the Directory Ney at length began to share in the same ideas to Jourdan, who enclosed it to Ney, with a note and hopes. He perceived that every day some which shows how widely his merits were felt:- ferocious order, or some petty tyranny was sup "I enclose you General, your commission of gene- pressed. As a substitute for the forced loan, a sight ral of brigade, which I have just received from the tax had been imposed, and the hostages set at War minister. Government has thus discharged liberty. Each individual Frenchman could now the debt which it owed to one of its worthiest and marry, and work for his livelihood in any manner most zealous servants; and it has only done justice he thought proper. No man had now to dread the to the talents and courage of which you daily give interference of a free agent of the Directory: Itwas fresh proofs. Accept my sincere congratulation. no longer necessary to sever the ties of his dearest Health and fraternity. affections, or submit to prescribed hours of rest and "JOURDAN." sleep: in fine, civil liberty remained unshackled "Head-quarters, Hersbruck, 28th Thermidor, Nevertheless the power of government having Year IV. (15th August, 1796.") come concentrated, it had encroached upon certai These memoirs will be useful to the biographer rights; and men do not readily forego franchises and the historian,-they will, likewise, be useful to which they have already enjoyed. The privileges the soldier; they will show the latter that great of the city were reduced, and elections were re success can only be achieved by high talents, and longer direct. The representatives voted, but did that high talents are next to useless, unless united not debate the laws they passed. The tribune had with the art of communicating to the army the en- long been considered a safeguard to liberty; and thusiasm and courage which distinguish the leader. Ney, who till now had cared only for wars and In these high qualities almost all the great French battles, saw with regret that it was reduced to s marshals shared,-they were modest, obedient, per-lence. severing, and brave. We have met with little "Other acts displeased him still more. The law in history which pleases us more than the following which excluded the nobles from public emplo letter from Jourdan, resigning the command of his ments, had been repealed; and individuals who had victorious army :been banished for crimes against freedom, were ad "During five years,' Jourdan wrote to the Direc-mitted into the Senate. Soldiers, though they care tory, 'I have served the republic in different ranks, little about theories, are extremely susceptible e and I have neglected nothing in my power for the cerning the choice of men appointed to put the fulfilment of my duties. I know not by what chance theories into practice; and the troops therefore tea I was raised to the rank of general of brigade, and some mistrust at the appointment of individua successively to that of general-in-chief. I never so who had shown themselves hostile to free instit licited such promotion, and I have always declared tions. Ney was an enemy to oppression, and world that I was not qualified for such an important office neither perpetuate nor extend it; but he wil as the latter. Having, however, been forced under enter into no pact with the emigrants, still k peculiar circumstances to accept it, I have worked would he suffer thern to command those by wh day and night to acquire military knowledge, and they had been conquered. Like Moreau and M have endeavoured to make up for want of ex- donald, Lefebvre had concurred in the estab perience by the greatest activity. If my endeavours have not always been successful, I have at least done all in my power to make them so. I have been supported in the toilsome career I have run, by my earnest love of freedom. I have ever proved myself a friend to order, and an obedient slave to the law. The feelings of my heart have led me to command by the confidence of friendship; and from No, my dear Ney,' he replied; times are the moment I perceived that these feelings were tered, places are no longer bestowed by intrigue, not reciprocal, I did not hesitate to sacrifice my mi- and every personal consideration must now yield litary renown, and my personal interest, by demand- the public good. Do not believe, then, all that is ing my recall. I never belonged to any faction: told you about the government, which, you may be and whenever any internal commotion has occurred assured, is wholly devoted to those who, like ra in the republic, being too far off to be able to appre- have rendered eminent services to your county ciate its causes. I have always calmly awaited the You see a proof of it in the confidence I have result, occupying my mind only with the means of tained; and another, in the appointment of Mortier defeating the foreign enemies of my country. Such, who was totally unknown here, to the command of Citizens Directors, has been my military conduct; if the 17th division. Be not therefore uneasy you think it merits your approbation, I should be longer, and depend upon it, my dear Ney, that si proud to receive an intimation of it." will go on well. We must break off: our quotations show how much we are pleased with these volumes. In our next number we shall give more extracts, and say something of the remainder of the career of the "bravest of the brave." SECOND NOTICE. ment of the Consulate; and to him Ney confided his fears, asking him with a sort of bitterness, if the brave soldiers of the army of Sambre-et-Meuse wer to become a prey to intrigue, and be delivered f to those whom they had defeated in battle! Ints letter, Ney showed that his heart was lacerated. 54 Lefebvre hastened to apply balin to the wound Health and Friendship, LEFEBVRE Napoleon soon found out the way of soothing democratic temper of his bravest officers: they dom murmured on promotion; and, when Ney turned from leading the van of the army North, he found that Bonaparte was ready to he WE resume our notice of these interesting Me- him to the height of his deserta. There was m indeed, about Ney which Napoleon could not avoid liking his presence of mind, his great bravery, his love of his soldiers, his desire to see the good and the courageous promoted, and his scorn and detestation of whatever was mean and selfish, were all points which, as a man, the First Consul would naturally admire; while, as a politician, he would see in him an armed right hand, which promised conquests and glory. Nor was Ney insensible of the uncommon merits of his new master: he spoke of him always as the first of leaders and the best of men, they were soon to be more closely acquainted. tion on the same day, and at the same altar with himself and his young bride; thus marking his own marriage by an act of benevolence. These old people,' he observed, will recall to my mind the meanness of my own origin; and this renewal of their long union will prove of happy augury for my own.' The thought was the emanation of a noble mind, but the presage which it expressed was unhappily not to be accomplished." By stratagems such as we have quoted, Napoleon united his fortunes with the intrepid Ney, with the impetuous Murat, and other soldiers hardly less "The First Consul was not insensible to Ney's distinguished. We cannot, however, help obgood opinion, and, whether from regard or from serving, that as soon as Bonaparte had attained supolicy, determined to attach that general to his per-preme power, all the simple single-heartedness of son. Madame Bonaparte approved of this resolu- the republican generals was gone: we have no tion, and wished to concur in effecting it. She had longer communications made to the executive power, recourse to those means which a woman knows so like those of Jourdan, Joubert, and Hoche; and well how to employ, and called love to her aid. She brought about an attachment between Ney and a young female favourite of hers, and wound up the romance with the marriage of the lovers. Madame Louis Bonaparte had a friend of her childhood named Mademoiselle Auguie, a lovely and amiable girl, whose misfortunes rendered her still more interesting. She was the daughter of a former receiver-general, whose fortune had been greatly reduced by the revolution. She had seen her father thrown into a dungeon, and her mother, condemned to captivity by the same sentence, elude it at the cost of her life, in the hope of preserving from the ruffian grasp of her persecutors a last resource for her children. though we are, from time to time, delighted with traits of individual kindness of heart, and devotion to the cause of France, displayed by Ney and others, it is plain they felt that they had got a master who enjoyed a power which he was resolved to keep. The character of Hoche is not yet understood in England: he had much of the old Roman in him; had great talents, great military skill, and, under a plain exterior and shepherd-like simplicity of manners, concealed the most boundless ambition. His letter to the Directory cannot but be, even now, read with lively interest : Numerous complaints have been made and repeated to the Directory, against the French administrations established in the country occupied by the "Josephine was desirous of promoting the happi- army, and which is not united to France. All the ness of a soldier whose future renown she foresaw, soldiers of the army loudly accuse these administraat the same time that she procured for her young tions as the cause of the famine against which it is friend the brilliant and honourable rank in society forced to contend, if not in the seat of abundance, to which this interesting girl was entitled, and which at least in a country not wholly unprovided with Ney's military rank, and the high respectability of food. Would it not be advisable to abolish these his character, were calculated to secure for her. administrations, which, supposing them composed Josephine therefore gave Ney a letter of introduction, enclosed in the following note, as grateful to his own feelings as it was flattering to the family to whom it was addressed. of the most honest persons in the world, are an immense expense to the country, without being in anywise useful?-for most of the commissaries who compose them are ignorant of the language of the "I enclose you, General, the letter which you country, and, as foreigners, have no knowledge of requested for Citizen Auguie. May I beg that you its productions, nor of the private fortunes of its inwill read it. I have not mentioned in it all the good habitants. Is it not, moreover, to be feared that which I know and think of you; for I would leave these commissaries, whose manners, tastes, and this amiable family the satisfaction of discovering habits cannot resemble those of the population inyour good qualities themselves. But I here repeat habiting the banks of the Rhine, should by inju the assurance of the interest which both Bonaparte dicious exaggeration, and false political or adminisand I take in this marriage, and of the satisfaction which Bonaparte will feel in promoting the happiness of two persons towards whom he entertains very particular feelings of regard and esteem. I share with him in this double feeling. "LAPAGERIE BONAPARTE.' trative principles, disgust the latter with the French revolution, and the republican form of government? "Would it not be better and more useful to restore to the inhabitants of the territories occupied by the army of Sambre-et-Meuse, their natural administrators the bailies?-and the ecclesiastical esNey was delighted with these prospects of do- tates to the management of the chapters? Economy mestic happiness; for the young lady was as ele-alone seems to call for this measure, which policy gant and accomplished in mind as she was beautiful will not disavow. Who shall say that it will not in person, and preparations were soon made for the bring back to the republic those affections which wedding. In spite of Ney's success in his profes- the rudeness and the errors of the French adminission, and the commands which he held during six trators have alienated? The man who is called to years of warfare, his private fortune was but tri- the management of public affairs in his birthplace, fling; for he possessed only a small estate, whose is acquainted with the private means of each of his value did not exceed eighty thousand francs. This fellow-citizens, and he makes each share, in due was singular in a general officer of the van-guard. and equitable proportion, the common burden imbut it was not less true. He therefore trusted for posed upon the country. Experience has proved future means to his talents in his profession;-the that a chapter which, when its revenues were adworld knows how the trust was redeemed. ministered by its monks, could provide subsistence "With the wreck of his fortune, M. Auguie, his for ten thousand men, can now scarcely feed six or father-in-law, had purchased the chateau of Grig-eight hundred. The abbey of Closterbock, near non; there the marriage was celebrated. "In the village dwelt an old couple, who had been married half a century; Ney clothed them, and made them receive their secondt nuptial benedic + In France, when a couple has spent half a cen Coblentz, is an instance of this:-and let not this difference be attributed to the constant presence of armies, and to exhaustion: improper administration tury in the joys of wedded life, the nuptial benediction is renewed. 64 of the property is alone the cause of it. Let the us, for the most part, only general results. Anxiety most enlightened men of the army be consulted on to trade was, on most occasions, displayed by the this head: Jourdan, Joubert, Kleber, Lefebvre, &c. people, while the Mandarins uniformily resisted al It would therefore seem ad visable to restore to these such attempts; but it seemed on the whole, that a countries their administrations, their civil tribunals, vigorous effort to open commercial intercourse, il their magistrates, and their own customs. Let the supported by such a naval force as would ensure chief commissaire-ordonnateur, or his subordinates, respect for the British name, could scarcely fail of under the inspection of the general-in-chief, make succeeding. Captain Lindsay, however, seemed to the demands of corn, cattle, horses, and generally of consider his immediate success as hopeless, and all things required by the defenders of the state. turned from China to the dependent kingdom of But, it may be said, are you not going back- Corea. ward will not public spirit be destroyed in the Perhaps no maritime country in the world is les country? and if the territory should remain attached known to Europeans than the Corean peninsula: to France, will not hatred of the republican name the only accounts hitherto attainable were, the namriremain deeply implanted there? Experience ought tive of some Dutchmen who were shipwrecked on to have counteracted our desire to municipalize the coast; a loose and slovenly account, drawn up Europe. Moreover, I deny that the inhabitants can by the Jesuits; to which, within the last few ever hate us more than they do at present; and in months, has been added, a translation of the Jape the supposition that a treaty of peace were to leave nese description of Corea, Jesso, and Loo-choo by us strictly the left bank for our limits. I doubt the the celebrated Klaproth. This work has been pub expedient of establishing the constitutional regime lished by the Oriental Translation Fund, and is, on in the Palatinate, the Hundstruck, the Archbishopric many accounts, one of the most curious works in of Treves, the Duchy of Berg, &c. No people can their collection; the Chinese description of Corea become republicans in a day, and they who pur- is subjoined to the Japanese, and, from both, a pretty chase freedom at so high a price seldom love it, accurate notion may be formed, not merely of the after being accustomed under a monarch to pay no geography, but also of the political condition of the taxes, or at least scarcely any. Therefore, before country. The following narrative shows that the we ascertain whether our opinions may become Coreans have a full share of the Chinese jealousy of those of the Germans, from whom nature has formed us so different, let us wage war at their cost, since their sovereign forces us to make war. You are not going backwards. When you introduced laws into the conquered territories, which could take place only after peace, it would then be time to send commissioners thither; and as they would then have no exactions to make, they would no doubt succeed if they conducted themselves with prudence." strangers:— "By day-break on the morning of the 18th we landed, and proceeded towards a village about mile inland. We were soon met by several pers to whom I showed a paper, previously written, stal ing that we were natives of England, their go friends, and bearers of a letter and presents to the King of Corea; that we now wished to see sent mandarin, to consult with him, and moreover wished to purchase fresh provisions of various ser The life of Ney, from the moment of his marriage This at first appeared satisfactory; but as we ap till the fatal hour in which he laid down his arms proached towards the village, numerous parties and became a victim, is written in that of Napo- came flocking out to meet us, among whom were leon : his wonderful exploits and hairbreadth es- many decently-dressed persons, wearing the pecular capes, in the Russian expedition, are almost with- broad-brimmed hats described in Captain Hall out parallel. He had all the impetuous valour of voyage. I showed the paper to each party as they Murat, with ten times his coolness, and twenty times advanced, and there was evidently some difference his talents. His name will live so long as bravery of opinion among them as to the way we were l and military skill are in request with the world. be treated; all, however, appeared adverse to our We must, however, break off for the present. From the same. entering the village. Among them was one man who came hurrying down with a match-lock in his hand, and a lighted match. He came straight to me in a bold unconcerned manner; but when I showed him the written paper, he took me by the arm m friendly way, motioning me to sit down on a bank. But feeling desirous, if possible, to go to the village while the friendly feeling of the natives lasted, I proceeded without paying any attention his intimation, and we advanced unmolested to a small hut, about 200 yards from the village. He THE Voyage of the ship Amherst was undertaken indications, which we could not misunderstand by the command of the President and Select Com- were given that we must go no further. A cros mittee of Supercargoes at Canton, without the pre- formed themselves in a row to bar our progress vious sanction of the Court of Directors at home. and several came and took me rudely by the art The servants of the Company, weary of yielding to motioning us to sit down on a mat. Two of the the miserable creatures that domineer in Canton, seniors now came and sat down, while a secretary resolved, if possible, to discover some new channel unfolded a piece of paper, and, at the direction of of trade; and, we regret to find this effort stigmatized one of them, wrote in reply to our paper. That a in the despatch of the Directors, as "a departure nothing whatever in the shape of provisions co from those sound principles which mature expe- be obtained here, we had better instantly depar rience has convinced them form the only secure and that by going to the north, about 30 le, w basis upon which our intercourse with that peculiar might meet with a mandarin to communicate with people can be advantageously maintained." The A conversation of some length ensued, all carried peculiarity is, simply, that the Chinese government on in writing. They requested to be told the ca is at once feeble and arrogant; that it has been tents of the letter to the King, which I said cou long accustomed to heap contumelies on the fo- only be communicated to a mandarin of rank reigners who trade to Canton; and the submission therefore requested one might be sent for. Als to such indignities almost justifies its insolence. all their sentences terminated with a request tha We have two accounts of this voyage, one by the we would instantly be gone. During the discusse Rev. Mr. Gutzlaff, who acted as interpreter, and some difference of opinion appeared to prevail, the other by Captain Lindsay; both narratives give much loud conversation; but finally the party b Documents relating to the Voyage recently undertaken by the ship Amherst, to the North-East Coast of China. Ordered by the House of Commons to be printed, June 19, 1833. tile to us got the complete ascendancy, one man the culprits arriving, they were first made to kneel having the audacity to write, If you do not in- before the chiefs and then laid down, and while stantly depart, soldiers shall be sent for to decapi- one man removed their lower garments, another tate you;' to which he afterwards added, Begone, brought a long paddle, and one stood over each, in or a great change will take place; your life and readiness to inflict summary punishment. death is uncertain.' In reply to this insolent inti- We in the meanwhile had followed to the spot mation, Mr. Gutzlaff wrote, Who are you? and to see what was to happen, and arrived just as the what authority do you possess to use such insolent punishment was about to be inflicted. I could not, language? Your King, did he know it, would in- however, tamely look on and see perfectly innocent flict severe punishment on you for thus treating us, persons punished for my own act, so I went straight who are his friends.' This seemed to alarm the to the soldier, who was in the act of striking, and whole party, who, however, continued by signs ur- stopping the uplifted blow, motioned him to stand gently to entreat our departure." aside; one of the crew, a stout negro, did the same Captain Lindsay's firm conduct in his interview to the other, and as the fellow did not seem inclined with the Corean chiefs, was judiciously calculated so quietly to submit to his authority, he in a moto inspire them with respect for the English:- ment wrested the paddle out of his hand and threw "A little before four Mr. Gutzlaff and myself, it to a distance. A crowd of more than 200 people with Mr. Simpson and Mr. Stephens, started in the had assembled round the chiefs, who sat raised up long-boat, accompanied by our two friends, who, among them in their open chairs, and appeared however, as the time approached, gave evident much troubled in mind. In the meanwhile Mr. signs that they were not quite at ease. We went Gutzlaff had written a few words, saying that if to the village, which is the temporary residence of these men were punished for our acts, we would the chiefs, and landed on the beach among about instantly return to the ship and quit the country. fifty wild-looking Coreans, several of whom per- They consulted for half a minute, and then old Le formed the throat-cutting ceremony, and evidently directed the prisoners to be liberated, and they showed they wished us away. Yang-yih had also scampered off as quick as their legs could carry quite lost his vivacity, and wrote with a pencil, that them. the chiefs had gone out, and we had better come "The chiefs now descended from their chairs, to-morrow. This intimation was now too late, and and entered the shed, inviting us to follow them: I was determined to see the thing fairly out, so we mats were spread, with tiger-skins laid over them. walked unarmed straight up to one of the alleys of A short conversation by signs having been carried the village, which is surrounded with a thick on, in which we intimated our discontent at this wattled fence twelve feet high, so that no houses reception, Le wrote requesting that the letter should can be seen. As we approached we heard the be delivered, and I, without waiting to reflect, drew sound of trumpets, and saw two soldiers (who are it out, and placed it in his hands. A moment's distinguished by a blue dress, felt hat, with red tuft thought reminded me that I had made a great misof hair hanging from it), marching down the lane, take, and that if we wished to be invited into the blowing with all their might. They emerged just village, it could only be done by refusing to deliver as we approached, and keeping close together the document under a shed. It was now, however, abreast, so as to block the passage, they blew a tre- too late; but on being requested to direct the premendous blast at us. We stopped and stared with sents to be brought out of the boat, I saw and astonishment, but in half a minute we saw the old profited by the opportunity to retrieve my error in chief and Kin coming down the lane on open arm- diplomacy. No,' said I;presents to the King of chairs carried by four bearers. Le was seated on a Corea cannot be delivered in such a disrespectful tiger-skin, and made a most picturesque figure. way: if you have no respect for us, that you treat The trumpeters now marched forward, and we us thus, I think that which is due to your own staid looking on to see what was to happen next. Sovereign would show you that a letter and preOn approaching us, both the chiefs got out of their sents should not be delivered under a miserable chairs and saluted us with politeness, at the same shed.' They seemed much puzzled, and answered time pointing to the beach, where more than twenty It is our laws which prohibit it.' Then,' said I, people were at work raising a shed on poles. We the presents must accompany the letter; I shall explained that coming on public business we ex- take it back. This mode succeeded perfectly, as pected to be invited into a public office to deliver they evidently were very anxious that the letter and our document in a respectable manner, but the presents should be delivered. They first tried to chiefs again pointed to the shed, and after speaking soften us by expressing the high respect they enterto our two friends, got into their chairs again, and tained for us and our honourable nation. Then it proceeded to the beach, with two trumpeters be- was proposed that only Mr. Gutzlaff and myself fore, two behind, and four or five more soldiers, should accompany them, and we should be invited none of whom carried arms. Our two friends now to a house. I said, if Messrs. Simpson and Stephens tried by signs and taking our arms to induce us to were included, I was satisfied; and this was agreed follow the chiefs, but we expressed our dissatisfac- to, and a message sent to prepare a house to receive tion at this mode of reception, and while Mr. Gutz- us. Wine, or rather a spirit resembling once-dislaff was writing, I gradually, without violence, tilled whiskey, was handed round. The chiefs forced my way through about ten natives at the entrance of the lane, and entered the open space before a house, where was a commodious covered verandah outside. I now pointed to this, and seating myself, explained that we would be well satisfied there. As I entered, a loud yell was set up by several people, and one of the soldiers ran down to inform the chiefs of what was going on. In a couple of minutes another yell was raised, and looking out to see what was the cause, we saw four soldiers running along the beach towards us, and two of them each seized on a man with a large hat, which the first took off, and then ran off again, dragging their victim between them, as quick as they could run. The chiefs were seated on their chairs on men's shoulders, close to the shed. On 4 were served first, which appears not to imply any incivility, as I observed the same in our host at Lok-taon, who was a simple villager." The letter and presents, though received, were not sent forward to the King, or, if they were, his Majesty declined their acceptance. The latter we believe to be the more probable conjecture, from the length of time that elapsed from their being received by the chiefs to their being returned. The Corean chiefs expressed great regret at the manner in which the negotiations between them and Captain Lindsay terminated; his conjecture, that Chinese interference determined the result, is, probably, well founded. “I inquired if there were any Chinese about the court; he answered that there were a few it is not therefore improbable that their intervention and hand, against the eventful hour. It is wel may have induced the King thus to disclaim all in- known that the not undesirable event of sepatercourse with us. In speaking about the ancient ration was materially furthered by pampas history of Corea, I mentioned an anecdote as a and periodicals of all kinds. The 'Independen proof that his country was really independent of Reflector of Livingston was at first chief China. At the commencement of the Tartar dy-employed in the arrangement of religious an nasty, they possessed far more influence in Corea civil matters. There is humour and hard hitthan at present, and endeavoured to compel them ting in the confession which he makes of his to shave their heads and adopt the Tartar dress. own creed in this work:This the Coreans resisted with much courage, and finally not only expelled the Chinese Tartars from the country, but ravaged a great part of Leaou-tung. When the general read this, his eyes brightened, and he repeated several times with much energy, Kow-chee, So it is.' But he then took the pencil and wrote, These are the affairs concerning the "I believe the Scriptures of the Old and New nation; I am ignorant of the circumstances.' On Testament, without any foreign comments or my wishing to send on shore a few cases of liqueurs human explanations but my own: for which I for himself and the other two chiefs, Kin and Le, should doubtless be honoured with martyrdom. he refused them with much emotion, saying, 'We did I not live in a government which restrains treat you thus slightingly, and yet you continue to that fiery zeal which would reduce a man's body esteem us as friends, and honour us with gifts! Ko-to ashes for the illumination of his understandseih, ko-seih (Have pity, have pity!)' and on one occasion he was almost moved to tears. On finally parting we assured him that however much we felt aggrieved by the conduct of his government, we should always entertain the kindest recollection of himself, and also of Kin and Le, both of whom had always been friendly and civil to us, though they were men of a very inferior stamp to the general, who we could not help feeling deserved a better fate than to pass his life among the suspicious and half-civilized Coreans." From Corea the Amherst proceeded to the Loochoo Islands, where all efforts to open trade equally failed. Thence Captain Lindsay returned to Canton, fully persuaded that, though his voyage may be regarded on the whole as a failure, yet, that success will assuredly crown the exertions of the adventurers who follow in his track. We cannot trust ourselves with comment on the harsh censure which the Directors, in their wisdom, have pleased to pronounce on the plan and conduct of this voy age; but we must say, that we shall see with pleasure the guardianship of British honour in China intrusted to persons possessing sufficient courage to despise the impotent wrath of the Mandarins and Hong merchants of Canton. From the same. "It is well known that some have represented me as an Atheist, others as a Deist, and a third sort as a Presbyterian. My creed will show that none have exactly hit it. For all which reasons, I shall cheerfully lay before you the articles of my faith. ing. I believe that the word orthodor, is a hard, equivocal, priestly term, that has caused the ef fusion of more blood than all the Roman emperors put together. "I believe that to defend the Christian religion is one thing, and to knock a man on the head for being of a different opinion is another thing. "I believe that he who feareth God, and worketh righteousness will be accepted of Him, order of men into the bargain. even though he refuse to worship any man "I believe that a man may be a good Christian though he be of no sect in Christendom. "I believe that our faith, like our stomachs, bited to chew what we are commanded to may be overcharged, especially if we are proh swallow. * * * "I believe that the virulence of some of the clergy against my speculations proceeds not from their affection to Christianity, which is founded on too firm a basis to be shaken by the freest inquiry, and the Divine authority of which I sincerely believe, without receiving a farthing for saying so; but from an apprehension bringing into contempt their ridiculous claims and unreasonable pretensions, which may justi tremble at the slighest scrutiny, and which I believe I shall more and more put into a panic His account of the proceedings of the Jesuits among the Indians, 1754, is curious: A memoir of the Life of William Livingston, Mem-in defiance of both press and pulpit.", was born at Pars "In their presents to the natives, the French are extremely expensive, and at the same time fail not to awe them with proper discipline, WILLIAM LIVINGSTON, descended from the Li- The Indian castles [towns] they fortify, and vingstons of Ancram in Scotland, is well known supply with missionaries, who practise incred to the world as one of the founders of the Ame-ble arts to convert them to popery. I shall only rican Republic, and to his country as a poet, give you two instances of these pious francs politician, orator, legislator, and general; he to serve for an example. They persuade these was more, he was a good and devout man, a people that the Virgin Mary lover of toleration, a promoter of universal cha- and that our Saviour was crucified at London rity, and one who desired to see slavery of all by the English. A French Indian coming kinds extinguished. He was born at Albany, Oswego, and discoursing with some of our trad in the province of New York, in November,ers on the subject of the Romish faith, insisted 1723; he studied the law, and acquired such on its being the true religion, seeing his father knowledge in civil jurisprudence that he became confessor could work miracles, for that he had eminent when very young, and was employed darkened the sun by a bare word of command. whenever the rights of his fellow citizens had * The superstitious rites and fantastic agreeable to the na to be defended. His extensive scholarship, and trumperies of popery are so his readiness of reply, together with snatches tural genius of the aborigines, who are fond of a of his poetry, which spread themselves over the showy and mechanical religion, that the Rom States, introduced him to some of those emi-ish priests are much more successful in Chr nent persons who perceived at a distance the tianizing (or rather papifying) them than the approaching struggle for independence, and who Protestant Clergy. I must not on this occasion naturally looked round for aid, both of head omit mentioning their canonizing a squaw by the * * |