name of St. Catharine, which piece of jesuitical | craft greatly endeared the Romish faith to the pagans, who by that means, besides the common benefit of addressing their prayers to the rest of the saints in the calendar, obtaining the supernumerary advantage of a particular advocate and intercessor of their own."

The 'Independent Reflector' having done its duty was laid aside; but as the political horizon darkened, 'The Whig' was started; there is a spirit akin to prophecy in the following extract from that popular paper-the date is 1768:

"The day dawns in which the foundation of this mighty empire is to be laid, by the estabishment of a regular American constitution. All that has hitherto been done, seems to be litle besides the collection of materials for the construction of this glorious fabric. 'Tis time o put them together. The transfer of the Euopean part of the great family is so swift, and our growth so vast, that before seven years roll over our heads, the first stone must be laid. Peace or war, famine or plenty, poverty or ffluence, in a word, no circumstance, whether rosperous or adverse, can happen to our parent, ay, no conduct of hers, whether wise or imrudent; no possible temper on her part, will put stop to this building. **What an era is his to America! and how loud the call to vigiance and activity! As we conduct, so will it are with us and our children."

*

Livingston having achieved a moderate indeendence, seen his favourite daughter married o one who was soon to become eminent, John ay, and being desirous of literary leisure, reolved to retire to the country, and forsake the tormy arena of colonial politics.

crry tea,'

Livingston lived to see not only the freedom of his country established, and her rising importance in the scale of nations, but he lived to be honoured widely through all the Union, and to be rewarded for his labours, by the general praise of all parties: nor did he grow peevish as he grew old; on the contrary, he was blessed with equanimity of temper-was happy with his children, and loved to write tenderly to his wife, who had been the partner of all his cares and joys. We shall give one of his letters. TRENTON, 4th March, 1786.

My dear, dear Susan,-Considering that for near a fortnight after I arrived here, I was so indisposed, as scarcely to be able to hold a pen in my hand, and that notwithstanding my indisposition, I wrote you two letters before I received yours of the 27th February, which came to my hands this day, and that during all that time I was every day anxious in inquiring after your health from everybody that came from our part of the country, you have greatly distressed me by ascribing my silence to my want of affection for you.

I

"P.S. If I was to live to the age of Methusalem, believe I should not forget a certain flower that I once saw in a certain garden; and however that flower may have since faded, towards the evening of that day, I shall always remember how it bloomed in the morning; nor shall I ever love it the less for that decay which the most beautiful and fragrant flowers are subject to in the course of nature. I repeat it in this postscript, that I love you most affectionately, and when I return I will by my attentions and assiduities give you the greatest demonstrations possible of the sincerity of this my declaration. After this, I hope you will not so far forget your friend and lover, as not to acquaint him as often as you conveniently can of the state of your health, which I still hope and pray may be perfectly restored."

But the quarrel with the Father-land was now pproaching, and Livingston was one of the first to esist the imposition of taxes without representaon; and as the duty on tea was the matter of imediate contention, he forbade the use of the article his family. His daughters, however, indulged 1 what they humorously called a cup of "Straw in which they made the Chinese comodity personate the American plant; this they inustriously concealed from their father, well knowng that he would not sell his birthright for a cup "The prominent feature of Mr. Livingston's ehaf tea. At first he doubted, as many sensible Ame-racter appears to have been truth, taken in its widest cans did, of the policy of final separation; but, and most ennobling sense-that truth which enthen convinced of its necessity, his conduct was abled him to form a just conception of the various ecisive. These are the words in which he vindi- and harassing duties imposed upon him, and at the ated this step to the Assembly of New Jersey, 13 same time gave him the power to execute them ept. 1776:rightly.

He closed his long and useful life, 25th July, 1790. He was averse to the tumults of life, into which he was plunged, and loved his books, his fishing-rod, and spade-delighted in writing in maintenance of the freedom he had helped to achieve, and in praising Washington in verse-they had long been

Considering how long the hand of oppression ad been stretched out against us,' he says, 'reason nd conscience must have approved the measure ad we sooner abjured that allegiance, from which ot only by the denial of protection, but the hostile saults on our persons and properties, we were early absolved. It may, however, afford some onsolation to every man duly regardful of the conictions of his own mind, and the honour and repution of his country, that America deferred this aportant step till the decisive alternative of absoite submission or utter destruction, announced by numerous fleet and army, had extinguished all ope of obtaining justice, and that the whole connent, save a few self-interested individuals, were nanimous in the separation.""

companions.

"His impartiality in the exercise of his office was of the most absolute character. His straight-forward independence neither bent before the turbulence of public, nor yielded to the blandishments of private life. It would be, I believe, impossible to meet with a single instance, in which the constant importunities by which he was urged to make exceptions to his established rules, on the subject of passes, or the transportation of goods across the line, had the least effect. On this point, his letter-books furnish abundant proof. No friendship could divert or mislead him from a line of duty once laid down for himself. His nearest relatives could expect no greater indulgence than the most indifferent stranger might claim. In his punishments, though generally long delayed, and always unwillingly inflicted, Livingston was one of those who signed the de- he was equally unbiassed by any personal motive. aration of independence in 1776; it was signed by "These qualities sprang froni that love of relime of the most accomplished scholars in the colo- gion which unostentatiously, but intimately, was ines, also by some who found difficulty in perform-corporated with his whole character. With this g the functions with the pen to which they were also was associated that charity, the vertical top illed. A curious letter of one of the founders is of all religion,' which is its natural growth, and ill preserved as a curiosity; the sense is right, and when unchecked by false teaching, or unfortunate e spelling wrong; the writer was an intrepid experience, its inseparable attendant. Satisfied of the sincerity and correctness of his own faith and

rmer.

principles, he laid little stress upon the various and Harrison, the author of the Tales of a Physiadverse tenets of others. The harshness of his early cian; and the scene is laid in Germany, during writings, which would appear to form an exception the Thirty Years' War. The idea is good; the to this, has been sufficiently accounted for in its ground unbroken, and the place and period juproper place. His religious creed was interwoven diciously chosen. Society was still in a traawith his political belief, and he contended no less sition-state; the fiery zeal of religious enthafor civil than religious liberty. Even towards the siasm had not yet cooled; and the excitement Quakers, who, by a narrow construction of a benevo- and spirit of adventure consequent upon the lent dogma, held themselves bound to keep aloof discovery of the New World and the passage from that struggle, in which he knew of no excuse by the Cape of Good Hope had not altogether for inactivity, he shewed a wise and tolerant spirit. subsided; men were still continuing to act upon He strictly enforced the laws to which they were the notion of El Dorados. Europe was heaving; obnoxious, regarding them, however, not as a reli- Germany was distracted by a worse than evl gious sect, but as obstructing the administration, war, and overrun by adventurers of all sorts, and by his correspondence with more than one of from the Scotch Dalgetty to the Croat and their persuasion, endeavoured so far as lay in his Pandour. Here was a fair field and rich mapower to remove their scruples, and to win their at- terials, and Mr. Harrison has endeavoured to tachment to the government." make the most of them. He plunges his hero into the public events of the period, and connects him with the leading characters of the age. Gustavus Adolphus, Ferdinand of Austria, more consistent Life may be extracted. The author Wallenstein, Pappenheim, Tilly, and Arnheim, feels that the difficulty of the task is not little, to to say nothing of inferior personages, are incall the dead from the grave, endow them with troduced into the story; which is varied with form and motion, and make them speak and act in an adventure amongst banditti, and the usual strict propriety of character. We would advise the American scholars to do as Mr. Sedgwick has done: quantum of love and battle. But with all this there is something wanting. Mr. Harrison collect all the materials they can, concerning the lives and characters of the founders of their liberty, Walter; his scenes want life-his characters can describe or narrate, but he is not a Sr and secure them by arranging and printing. On some future day, a noble work may be formed out have been hastily written; nor was there space want truth and force. The work appears to of them, and thus the history of their nation will beto have evolved all that Mr. Harrison has aimed gin at the beginning. at, even had he possessed the indispensable genius and taken the requisite care.

This memoir is scarcely worthy of the character of Livingston; it is however valuable as a collection of materials, from which a more brief and

From the Spectator.
PROGRESS OF PUBLICATION.

THE Publishers adjourned with the Parliament, after a season more satisfactory perhaps to readers than profitable to themselves. Some of " the best patrons of literature" went up the Rhine, some down to the Lakes (but cautiously avoiding the Lakers); some rusticated in a retired village far from the hum of men; others took up their quarters in a quiet and unfrequented watering-place. In these days of cheap and expeditious travelling, the excursionist has Europe if he has not "the world before him where to choose;" and we believe the bibliopoles chose those places where they were most likely to avoid authors.

The result was, a duller Autumn than we have ever known. Mr. Cooper indeed, with the assistance of Mr. Bentley, brought forth the Headsman; and Mr. Urquhart (whose book we have yet to notice), stimulated by the patriotic motive of influencing affairs in the East, published his Resources of Turkey. With these exceptions, the reviewer was nearly left to new editions, and to the various Series which appear at their appointed times.

The Etheringtons is somewhat of a novelty. It is the materials of the tract thrown into the form of a religious nouvelette. The object of the tale is, to inculcate the efficacy of prayer, not only for ourselves, but for others. The scene is laid in Ireland: the chief actors in the piece are a clergyman of the Established Church and the family of an Irish farmer. The subject of the story is rarer in books than in life: a "wild young man," an angry and spirit-broken father, a maiden loving on through good and evil report, are common occurrences, that we meet with and mix with in the world, and pass by with a shrug as matters of course; but which, when presented to us without those drawbacks from sympathy that in real life are generally mingled with the most distressing events, are not unimpressive.

Reasons for Christianity is a smoothly-written and well-connected sketch of the doctrines and principal religious events to be found in the Sacred volume, intermingled with such comments as may be necessary "to be addressed to those who, having been educated in the belief that Christianity is true, require to be confirmed in that belief against the arguments by which it is in these days so often assailed." The work, though neither acute nor profound, is pleasant and amiable. The type and paper are good; the soberness of its dark purple binding is becoming; and the neatness of its ensemble well adapts it for the family table. Mr. Bull of Holles Street is the accoucheur.

There are at present some slight signs that this period of torpor is drawing to an end. A few very few-works are appearing occasion- The success of the Naturalist's Library has ally, like the early snowdrop after the snow given rise to an undertaking which has almost melts away, or like a solitary bird or two the appearance of an imitation. It is to be heralding the Spring. Besides the book of the called the Miscellany of Natural History; to be week-the Autobiography of poor John Calt-edited by Sir Thomas Dick Lauder and Captaia an unwonted number of lesser stars are enlight- Brown, and illustrated by J. B. Kidd. The ening our sphere. first volume is to contain "Parrots," and to be Messrs. Smith and Elder have sent out embellished with upwards of thirty coloured Waldemar, forming the Eighth Volume of the plates. We cannot do better than wish it may Library of Romance. It is written by Mr. be as excellent as its prototype.

From the same.

PICTURES AND ARTISTS.

much superior to those of last year; having more air and space. In these points, Mr. Harding emulates Turner with success; in colour and relief of objects he is not always so feliciLESLIE the artist has left England, for his tous. His foregrounds are very rich, and the native country, America; we have been told, figures and other objects near the eye are brilwith the view of settling there for the remainder liantly lighted up; which give great animation of his life. We regret his loss; which will be to the views. The scenery is strikingly pictursensibly felt by all lovers of pictures, and ought esque, blending the homely character of our to be by the Academy, of which he was a mem-own country with some of the romantic beauber. Whatever may be the cause of this step, ties of Italy.

it assuredly is not want of encouragement. No The first sketches in pencil are marvellous for painter has met with more, or deserved it bet-their effect, and their finished elegance of style. ter. His choice of subjects was good, and his Mr. Harding is a master of the powers of black treatment of them most felicitous. His pictures and white; and no one is more competent to resemble the writings of his accomplished instruct others in the use of the lead pencil; countryman Washington Irving: he had the which is the object of his forthcoming work on quiet humour, the nice discrimination of cha- Elementary Art. We were in error in intimaracter, the tact and delicacy in the management ting that it extended to the use of water colours, of his materials, the elaborate neatness and to which it is rather an introduction; nor will finish of style in his painting, that distinguished it be confined to landscape, though it will treat the graphic descriptions of the Sketch Book. more particularly of foliage, and the pictorial Latterly, he had acquired a mannerism, the ef- character of trees. It is intended as a grammar fect of which was to substitute stiffness for of the art, and as a preparatory work to Burgrace and ease, quaintness for piquancy of net's treatises on Composition, Light and style, crudeness of colour and coarseness of Shade, and Colour. handling for chaste harmony of effect and delicate execution. Yet, though he did not gain in vigour and force what he thus lost in beauty and refinement, he was falling off in manner only as compared with himself. He was still the foremost man of his time. His famous pic- EMBELLISHMENTS OF THE ANNUALS. tures of "Sancho before the Dutchess"-"Sir Roger de Coverly and the Spectator going to THE Oriental Annual is the first iu the field; Church"-"May Day"-" Slender and Anne and its appearance at the present time, when Page"-were only superior in their perfection the great continent of India is about to be of style to "The Dinner at Page's House". thrown open to all British subjects, is most opMy Uncle Toby and the Widow Wadman"- portune. The plates, twenty-five in number, "Katherine and Petruchio"-and "The Gros-consist of views of the scenery, architecture, venor Family." inhabitants, and natural productions of India;

From the same.

One of the last things that engaged Leslie's selected principally with reference to their picattention, was superintending the mezzotint, turesque character. The artist, Mr. W. Daniell, by Phillips, of his admirable Portrait of Walter has travelled through considerable part of HinScott, the truest and most characteristic re-doostan, and his drawings are famed for their semblance of the poet. This is the opinion of beauty and accuracy. There are specimens of Sir Walter's family, as well as ours. We saw almost every variety of Indian architecture. A the painting again the other day, and were stupendous minaret, called the Cuttub Minar, struck with the individuality of the likeness, looking like a gigantic telescope, forms the and its beautiful execution. The mezzotint frontispiece. The many-domed Mausoleumbeing of the same size as the painting, provokes a comparison that is trying to the best engraving. We can only say of it, that the finished proof is better than the one we saw before, which we find was not quite completed. Still, it is not equal, in point of character, to the exquisite miniature line engraving, by Danforth, which appeared in the Literary Souvenir four years ago.

We have heard from good authority, that the Royal Academy were applied to by one of the Heads of King's College, to name a fit and proper person to be appointed Professor of Drawing and Painting in that institution, and that the answer of the Academy was, that they knew of no one. Here is another instance of the benefit which the art derives from this liberal and enlightened corporation! They have been happy in being afforded an opportunity, at this time, of proving how well they deserve the building which the Government is erecting for them at the public expense.

We have been favoured with a sight of Mr. Harding's water colour drawings for the Landscape Annual this year; and a great treat it was. The views are in the South of France, and principally in Languedoc. They are very Museum-Vol. XXIII.

The Mosque, with its slender minarets and light and lofty Moorish arches, enriched with tracery-succeed to the huge barbaric pile of a Temple, heaped story upon story in a pyramidal form, crowned with architectural enrichments and rude sculpture. Then follows one more light and elegant, with a tapering spire; and another whose base is surrounded by a spacious colonnade. Many of these temples are near the sea, and the rocky base of one is washed by its waves. On the roof of one mausoleum grow several trees, whose roots spread like ivy, clinging to its dome. Then there are Ghats, or landing-places, with their steep flights of steps, leading from a mosque or temple down to the water, where the natives perform their ablutions; and the hill forts, perched on the summit of a lofty isolated mountain. The contrast between the perfect regularity of design and the symmetrical poportions of some buildings of Moorish architecture, with the confused and shapeless masses of others apparently Hindostanee, is very striking; but all are more or less picturesque in effect.

Of the scenery, the most remarkable specimens are the view of Cape Comorin, whose giant head is swathed in a neckcloth of cloud; the Cataracts of the Ganges, with natives worshipping at some sacred place; and the Beach No. 138-3 R

of Madras, with its dangerous breakers. There Mr. John Davidson; a connexion with whon are portraits of a fat but vigorous-looking was afterwards formed by Mr. Thomas Campchief, with a famous pair of mustachios, and bell, the poet, in his marriage. Mr. Davidson some mysterious scars on his nose and fore- was a very worthy, illess bodie; and he has, head; and of the Queen of Candy, a very inte- in my opinion, the merit of first showing with resting young creature, her glossy black hair how little intellectual ability a newspaper may parted over her forehead, and wearing a collar be conducted. I say not this in malice, but and necklaces of pearls and beads, her ears in sober sadness; for when Campbell wrote likewise loaded with great bunches of trinkets. his "Battle of Hohenlinden," I got an early The costume of a Hindoo female, gracefully copy, which I sent to Mr. Davidson to be bearing on her head water-jars piled one on ano- inserted; but he, with a sage face, afterwards ther, is very becoming. A vest fitting close to told me that it was not worthy a place in his the shape covers the bust; and a white kirtle is Paper. All the world, however, has since difsimply folded round the waist, and falls down fered with Mr. Davidson in that opinion; and to the ankles. A scene with an alligator disput- indeed it may be said of every opinion that be ing possession of the carcass of a dead elephant either then held or afterwards blazoned with with a flock of vultures, is a very striking pic- his paper trumpet. I wonder if the poor man ture-half humerous, half-horrible. The Ban- is still alive. He stands in my recollection as yan tree, itself a grove, with its multitudinous a beautiful proof of the wise ordination of nature, rooted branches-and the tall straight stems of in showing how little propriety of conduct has the Talipat and Cocoa tree, with their graceful to do with the endowment of mind. Campbell heads of broad feathery leaves-are also intro- began his poctical career by an Ossianic poem, duced: in short, some of the most characteristic which was published by his schoolfellows when features of Indian scenery are here brought to- he was only thirteen. At fifteen, he wrote a gether. poem on the Queen of France, which was pubThe plates are engraved with extreme care lished in the Glasgow Courier. At eighteen, and neatness; but as works of art they are cold he printed his "Elegy on Love and Madness; and tame. This fault does not lie with the en- and at twenty-one, before the finishing of his gravers: Mr. Daniell's style is more remarka- twenty-second year, the "Pleasures of Hope." ble for accuracy and smoothness than force; it-Gall's Autobiography. requires the addition of colour to render it effec- IMPRESSMENT.-It is difficult to imagine now tive; and the want of this is sensibly felt in the what social life could have been in those old plates. The atmosphere appears too uniformly despotic times when the practice of impress cool, fresh, and clear for Hindostan. It would ment was general, and the King could, by the have been a great improvement had the plates very law of allegiance, dispose of every man's been engraved in aquatint, and coloured after-wealth and labour as he chose. It is difficult wards, as Mr. Daniell's other works are. In to imagine what comfort there could have been another volume, perhaps this will be done. in daily life, when the field labourer did not know, as he went out at sunrise, whether he would be allowed to return to his little ones at evening; when the artisan was liable to be car ried off from his work-shop, while his dinner was cooling on the board, and his wife looking out for him at the door; when the tradesman was apt to be missing, and not heard of till some king's messenger came to ransack his shop of whatsoever his Majesty might be graciously LOVE AND MARRIAGE. "It seeems to me," pleased to want; and when the Baron's lady said Effie, "that though God has kindly given watched from the terrace her lord going off to this token of blessedness to all,- -or to so many the boar-hunt, and the thought darted through that we may nearly say all,-without distinc-her that he might not greet her again till be tion of great or humble, rich or poor,-the great had hunted Saracens, or chased pirates, over and the lowly use themselves to the opposite many a strange land and sea. Then, all suffaults. The great do not seem to think it the fered together, in liability, if not in fact. Al most natural thing to marry where they first suffered in fact-whether impressed or not; for love; and the lowly are too ready to love. all suffer when property is rendered insecure, That is because the great have too many things and industry discouraged, and foresight baffled. to look to, besides love; and the lowly have too No body now questions this. No body denies few. The rich have their lighted palaces to that it was right to exempt class after class bask in, as well as the sunshine; and they from such compulsory service; and, so long must have a host of admirers, as well as one ago as the time of Charles the First, it was bosom friend. And when the poor man finds found necessary to emancipate soldiers from that there is one bliss that no power on earth this tyranny; though there were not a few to can shut him out from, and one that drives predict that no British King could ever agun out all evils for the time-one that makes raise an army-that England must from that him forget the noonday heats, and one that day bid adieu to victory, and royalty to a throne. tempers the keen north wind, and makes him walk at his full height when his superiors lounge past him in the streets-no wonder he is eager to meet it, and jogs the time-glass to make it come at the soonest. If such a man is imprudent, I had rather be he than one that first let it slip through cowardice, and would then bring it back to gratify his low ambition."-Miss Martineau's Tale of the Tyne.

From the same.

THINGS AND THOUGHTS.

FOUND HERE AND THERE.

MR. CAMPBELL'S FIRST POETICAL EFFORTS.-I should not omit this opportunity to mention, that the Greenock Paper was established by a

Yet a more wonderful thing remains than the fame of Blenheim and Waterloo, and the actual existence of an English Monarch-the fact that some are found in the present day to argue for the enforcement of this tyrany on a single class, when all other classes have long been relieved from it; to argue about the Navy as their forefathers argued about the Army,-that Britancia will no more rule the waves,-that there will be no more glory in a Sailor King, no more hope for a maritime people, when impressment is done away!"-Miss Martineau's Tale of the Tyne.