nations. We find music and painting every
where combined in romantic poetry. Its writers
do not attempt to engage our attention with
ideas, but with images richly coloured, which in-
cessantly pass before our view. Neither do they
ever name any object that they do not paint to
the eye.
The whole creation seems to grow
brighter around us, and the world always ap-
pears to us through the medium of this poetry as
when we gaze on it near the beautiful water-
falls of Switzerland, while the sun is upon their
waves. The landscape suddenly brightens under
the bow of heaven, and all the objects of nature
are tinged with its colours. It is quite impossible
for any translation to convey a feeling of this
pleasure. The romantic poet seizes the most bold
and lofty image, and is little solicitous to convey
its full meaning, provided it glows brightly in
his verse.
In order to translate it into another
language, it would first of all be requisite to
soften it down, in order that it might not stand
forward out of all proportion with the other
figures; to combine it with what precedes and
follows, that it might neither strike the reader
unexpectedly, nor throw the least obscurity
over the style; and to express, perhaps, by a
periphrasis, the happiest and most striking word,
because the French language, abounding in ex-
pressions adapted for ideas, is but scantily fur-
nished with such as are proper for imagery. At

every word we must study to change, to correct, to curtail; the rich and glowing imagination of the South is no longer an object of interest, and may be compared to an artificial firework, of which we are permitted to see the preparation, while the ignition is unfortunately withheld.

I have in the preceding pages conducted my reader only to the vestibule of the temple, if I may so express myself, of the romantic literatures of the South. I have pointed out to him at a distance the extent of their riches, enclosed within a sanctuary into which we have not as yet been permitted to penetrate; and it henceforward remains with himself to initiate himself further into its secrets, if he resolve to pursue the task. Let me exhort him not to be daunted. These southern languages, embracing such a variety of treasures, will not long delay his progress by their trifling difficulties. They are all sisters of the same family, and he may easily vary his employment by passing successively from one to the other. The application of a very few months will be found sufficient to acquire a knowledge of the Spanish or the Italian; and after a short period, the perusal of them will be attended only with pleasure. Should I be permitted at some future time to complete a work similar to the present, relating to the literature of the North, it will then become my duty to bring into view poetical beauties of

572

LITERATURE OF THE PORTUGUESE.

a severer character, of a nature more foreign to our own, and the knowledge of which is not to be attained, without far more painful and assiduous study. Yet in this pursuit the recompense will be proportioned to the sacrifices made; and the Muses of other lands have always shewn themselves grateful for the worship which strangers have offered up at their shrine.

INDEX.

ALARCON, Don Juan Ruys de, 207.

Albuquerque, Alfonso d', 414. his Commentaries, 497.
Aleman, Matteo, author of Gusman d'Alfarache, 97.

Alfonso IV. of Portugal, his poems, 263.

Almeida, Nicolas Tolentino de, 565.

Andrade Caminha, Pedro de, 310.

Andrade, Jacinto Freire de, his burlesque poems, 525. his Life
of Don Juan de Castro, 526.

Apontes, Fernandez de, his edition of the plays of Calderon, 188.
Argensola, Lupercio Leonardo de, 57.

Bartolomeo Leonardo de, ibid.

Argote y Molina, Gonzales de, 71.

Armesto, Don Manuel Francisco de, his two religious plays, 212.
Arteaga, Felix, 61.

Autos-da-fé, the last celebrated, 213.

Azavedo, Araujo de, his translations from English poetry, 564.

Bacellar, Antonio Barbosa, 524.

Bahia, Jeronymo, 529. Translation from, 530.

Barros, John de, 488. His Romance The Emperor Clarimond,
489. His Portuguese Asia, 490.

Bernardes, Diego, 311. His Eclogues, 312.

Bocarro, Antonio, his History of the Portuguese Conquests in
India, 497.

Boccage, Manuel de Barbosa du, 564.

Borja, Francisco de, Prince of Esquillace, 95.

Brito, Bernardo de, his History of Portugal, 498.

Calderon de la Barca, Don Pedro de, 102.

Estimate of his

genius, 115. His plays, Nadie fié su secreto, 118. Amar
despues de la Muerte, 119, 178. Coriolanus, 123. The Poet
of the Inquisition, 125. His fanaticism; play of The De-
votion of the Cross, 125. Analysis of El secreto a vozes,
127. of The Inflexible Prince, 138. Play of La Aurora
en Copacavana, 155. of The Origin, Loss, and Restoration
of the Virgin of the Sanctuary, 159. Purgatory of Saint
Patricius, 163. L'Alcaide de si mismo; La Dama Duende ;

Lances de Amor y Fortuna, 172.

Alcaide de Zamalea; El
Medico de su Honra, 173. Editions of his Works, by Vil-
laroel, 104. by Apontes, 188. His Autos Sacramentales;
A Dios por razon de Estado, 189.
Camoens, Luis de, 317. His Lusiad, 324.

Episode of Inez de
Castro, 357. Episode of Adamastor, 379. Episode and
Allegory of the Island of Joy, 405. Conclusion of the

Lusiad, 421. His miscellaneous poems, 422. His Son-
nets, 427. Translations of, 428, 430, 431. Translations
from his conçaōs or canzoni, 432, 436. His odes, 438. His
elegies and satirical pieces, 439. His paraphrase of the
137th Psalm, 440. His eclogues, 443. Translations from,
444, 445. His dramatic works, 446.

Cancioneiro, Portuguese, written in the fifteenth century, 270.
of Reysende, more frequently met with, 270.

Cancer, Don Hieronymo, 207.

Cañizarez, Don Joseph, his plays, 206. His Picarillo en Es-
paña, 207.

Cardoso, Francisco, 564.

Castenheda, Fernand Lopez de; his History of the Portuguese
Conquests in India, 497.

Castro, Guillen de, 207.

Castro, Estevan Rodriguez de, 314.

Ceo, Violante de, 527. Translation of sonnet from, 528.
Cerda, Fernam Correa de la, 527.

Charles II., reign of, epoch of the last decline of Spain, 209.
Charles III. prohibits religious plays, 212.

Coelho, Simao Torezao, 527.

Comella, Don Luciano Francisco, 234.

Cortereal, Jeronymo, 466. His poem on the misfortunes of
Manuel de Sousa, 467. Translation from, 469, &c. His
poem on the Siege of Diù, 484.

Costa, Claudio Manuel da, 548. His sonnets, ib. His Epicedios,
550. Translation from, 551.

Couto, continues the work of de Barros, 497.

Cruz e Sylva, Antonio Diniz da, 556. His imitations of English
poetry, ib. Translation of sonnet from, 557. His odes, 558.
Cruzycano, Don Ramon de la, an author of the new school, his
comedies and other works, 234. El sarao and El divorzio
felix, 236.

Cubillo, Don Alvaro, 207.

Cunha, J. A. da, 559. Translation from, 560.

Dionysius, King of Portugal, his poems, 262.

Drama, conclusion of the Spanish, 195. Its decline and ob-
livion, 196. Encouraged by Philip IV. 103, 199. Of
Portugal, 423.