into which this weed can be turned, we have not room | the dyer, the painter, and a host of other artists, are at present to speak. Tobacco is extensively cultivated in France and other European countries, in the Levant and India; but the tobacco of the United States is considered decidedly superior to most others, being much more highly flavoured than that of Europe. Of 22,400,000 pounds of unmanufactured tobacco imported into England in 1829, 21,751,600 pounds were from the United States. The yearly value of the tobacco exported from this country amounts to about 5,000,000 dollars. The tobacco of Cuba is preferred for smoking. CHEMISTRY. wholly dependent upon chemical science, for the suc cess of their operations, it is evident that all who live by eating, are also interested in having a knowledge of it generally diffused. Indeed, there is perhaps no science, which it is more important to have familiar to every man woman and child in the world, than chemistry. Written for the Saturday Evening Post. FRIENDSHIP. "High and precarious are the ties that vice doth bind, But virtue leaves a lasting friendship in the mind." warmed the human breast, that of friendship is Of all the passions that have at different times CHALK is easily pulverized. When in powder, it is readily mixed with flour. If sulphuric acid or strong vinegar be poured upon chalk, it produces an efferves-in itself one of the noblest, and originates in the cence as it is termed. By this process the chalk is di. vided and mixed with another substance. But the first process of dividing or pulverizing is mechanical. The second process, which separates the lime in the chalk from the carbonic acid, and combines it with sulphuric acid, and is chemical. By a file grindstone, copper may be reduced to fine dust, so that it may be diffused through a large quantity of dust of some other kind. If nitric acid (aqua fortis) be poured upon copper, it divides it so minutely, that a piece not larger than a pea can be diffused through a hogshead of water, so as to give it a blue color. The filing or grinding copper is a mechanical process; dissolving it in nitric acid is a mechanical process. When the tanner lays down his hides in bark till the two substances combine so as to form leather, he performs a chemical process. When the saddler or shoemaker unites the leather, cloth, thread; &c. he performs a mechanical process. When by the aid of potash or soda, the soap-boiler combines oil and water with alkali, he performs a chemical operation.-When he cuts his soap into prisms of a convenient size for handling: he performs a mechanical operation. When water falls upon the main wheel of a manufactory, and gives it motion, and by it puts in motion thousands of other wheels, spindles, shuttle, spools, &c., it performs a mechanical operation; when water gives up its oxygen to produce iron rust or copperas, sets its hydrogen free to raise a balloon with one or two persons a thousand feet in the air, it performs a chemical operation. When the atmosphere strikes the sails of a ship, and moves it across the Atlantic, it performs a mechanical operation; when it combines with the blood, and sustains the whole animal kingdom, it performs a chemical operation. So we see that there is chemical science and mechanical science, and one entirely distinct from the other; though artists frequently resort to both for performing their operations. Nearly all the domestic arts combine chemical and mechanical science. Agriculture is a chemical science and a chemical art. In almost every process the farmer performs, he is dependant upon the laws of chemical science for his success. The mechanic who makes his plough and wagon, confines his operations principally to mechani cal science. Cookery is a chemical science and a chemical art. The process of making bread is almost wholly chemical. Roasting the beef or turkey, preparing the tea and coffee, and heating in every form, is a chemical process. Every good housekeeper is a good practical chemist, though some may not be free to acknowledge it. Since all farmers and all house keepers, to say nothing of the tanner, the brewer the tallow-chandler, most benevolent and disinterested of sentiments. By friendship is not to be understood that extensive signification, which indiscriminately includes all as friends with whom we are in the habit of intimacy, whether arising from connexion in life, or that attractive impulse which gives us more confidence in the society of some, whose ideas concur with our own in points which are not in themselves virtuous, or which we can freely communicate, than with others, where our inclination is overawed by superior virtue, and with whom we are restrained by the fear of lessening ourselves in their estimation. Although the acknowledgment of a man's possessing some particular vice could not give him friends, still there are not wanting those who would be disposed to judge more favorably of him on that account, from the consciousness of being under the influence of the same bad quality themselves; and who would lay hold of that circumstance to court his acquaintance, that they might have his example to screen them, and be under the less restraint in exercising their own vicious propensity. Those of bad character will naturally flock together, that they may be the less check upon each other. But intimacies formed on such grounds will always be precarious, and easily interrupted; for faith and honor can have little influence where vice is the only cement. Nothing is consistent with, or in any manner related to friendship, but that which is itself strictly virtuous. A person who, under its title, inspires confidence in the breast of another towards himself, and encourages him to unbosom himself in particulars which are not virtuous, unless he is actuated by the motive of rendering him this important service-of representing to him, in true colours, the pernicious and fatal tendency of suffering such ideas to have a place in his mind, is a secret and most dangerous enemy, who, in the first place, ensnares him by flattering his predominant passion, engages his other faculties by humoring this, lays reason and discretion dormant, and then pursues his advantage by rendering the influence he has obtained over his whole soul, the instrument whereby he strengthens and confirms him in bad habits, and makes immoral thoughts familiar bis mind; thereby destroying the spring of the t sensibility, which alone can guard him from the encroachments of evil. Thus the name of friendship is only assumed as a disguise to cover vice, and its sacred purity violated for the worst of purposes. In a virtuous mind, such actions of another as come within the circuit of his observation, and which are the result of sentiments conformable with his own, will strike an impression which, in the course of intimacy, will rise to esteem. On the basis of a mutual esteem of this kind, real friendship is founded. It is that benevolent sentiment which springs up in our breast at viewing good actions in others; it is that tribute of respect and admiration which carries its own proof, that we are actuated by the same generous motives, and it seldom fails of procuring us with others the same esteem and good will which we ourselves feel. The same virtue that we respect in others, will in ourselves be respected. Thus esteem unites us in the close bonds of friendship. It is this which raises the human character so high above the level of the inferior creation; it is the result of the proper exercise of those superior intellects with which man is endowed, which teach him to discriminate between the different motives that produce other's actions, and upon this observation is grounded that sentiment, which is of such great importance to the law of life, and which adds such a value to its enjoyments. venty years of age, and of course unable to contend with his enemies in running. The house was more than a mile distant, but the children, having two hundred yards the start, and being effectually covered by their father, were soon so far in front, that the Indians turned their attention entirely to the old man. He ran for several hundred yards with an activity which astonished himself, but perceiving that he would be overtaken, he fairly turned at bay and prepared for a strenuous resistance. The woods through which they were running were very thin, and consisted almost entirely of small trees, behind which it was difficult to obtain proper shelter. When Morgan adopted the above mentioned resolution, he had just passed a large walnut tree, which stood like a patriarch among the saplings which surrounded it, and it became necessary to run back about ten steps in order to regain it The Indians became startled at the sudden advance of the fugitive, and were compelled to halt among a cluster of saplings, where they anxiously strove to shelter themselves. This, however, was impossible, and Morgan, who was an excellent marksman, saw enough of one of them to justify him in risking a shot. His enemy instantly And but for this principle of humanity, what fell, mortally wounded. The other Indian, taking were the satisfaction of life? Were the favors advantage of Morgan's empty gun, sprung from that we mutually bestow on each other to be his shelter and advanced rapidly. The man portioned out only according to the interest we having no time to reload his gun, was compelled have at stake, or the advantage accruing to our- to fly a second time. The Indian gained rapidselves from conferring them, what confidence ly upon him, and when within twenty steps fired, could we have in each other? What certain but with so unsteady an aim, that Morgan struck rule could be drawn to guard us against treach with the but of his gun, and the Indian whirled his éry? But it is the sentiment of friendship which tomahawk at one and the same moment. Both interests us for the welfare of others, when we blows took effect-and both were at once woundourselves have not the least expectation of ad- ed and disarmed. The breech of the rifle was vantage, which makes us as sincere in promot- broken against the Indian's skull, and the edge ing the success of our friends as our own, and of the tomahawk was shattered against the barwhich gives us the inclination not only of watch-rel of the rifle, having cut off two of the fingers of ing for the personal safety, but of apprising him of his danger when he tends towards any particular vice; and on the recurrence of the desire in him, to give it salutary check, which each time will lesson its impulse, and perhaps at last entirely extinguish it. "A friend is our chief enjoyment in the days of prosperity, and in adversity our sweetest consolation." PERILOUS ADVENTURE. David Morgan, a relation of the celebrated General Daniel Morgan, had settled upon the Monongahela, during the earlier period of the revolutionary war, at this time had ventured to occupy a cabin at the distance of several miles from any settlement. One morning in May, 1781, having sent his youngest children out to a field at a considerable distance from the house, he became uneasy about them, and repaired to the spot where they were working, armed as usual with a good rifle. While sitting upon the fence, and giving some directions as to their work, he observed two Indians upon the other side of the feld, gazing earnestly upon the party. He instantly called to the children to make their escape, while he should attempt to cover their retreat. The odds were greatly against him, as in addition to other circumstances, he was nearly se Morgan's left hand. The Indian then attempt ing to draw his knife, Morgan grappled him and bore him to the ground. A furious struggle ensued, in which the old man's strength failed, and and the Indian succeeded in turning him,-planting his knee on the breast of his enemy, and yelling loudly, as is usual with them upon any turn of fortune, he again felt for his knife in order to terminate the struggle at once-but having lately stolen a woman's apron, and tied it around his waist, his knife was so much confined, that he had great difficulty in finding the handle. Morgan, in the mean time, being a regular pugilist, according to the custom of Virginia, and perfectly at home in a ground struggle, took advantage of the awkwardness of the Indian, and got one of the fingers of his right hand between his teeth. The Indian tugged and roared in vain, struggling to extricate it. Morgan held him fast, and began to assist him in hunting for the knife. Each seized it at the same moment, the Indian by the blade, and Morgan by the handle, but with a slight hold. The Indian having the firmest hold, began to draw the knife further out of its sheath, when Morgan suddenly giving his finger a furious bite, twitched the knife dexterously through his hand, cutting it severely. Both now sprung to their feet, Morgan brandishing his adversary's knife, and still holding his finger between his teeth. In vain the poor Indian struggled to get THE DOG DANDIE--A DRAMATIC INCIDENT. 331 away-rearing, plunging, and bolting like an un- | said to him, scratched at the room door, which his broken colt. The teeth of the white man were like a vice, and he at length succeeded in giving him a stab in the side. The Indian received it without falling, the knife having struck his ribs; but a second blow, aimed at the stomach, proved more effectual, and the savage fell. Morgan thrust the knife, handle and all, into the cavity of the body, directed upwards, and starting on his feet, made the best of his way home. The neighbourhood was quickly alarmed, and hurrying to the spot where the struggle had taking place, they found the first Indian lying where he had fallen-but the second had disappeared. A broad trail of blood, however, conducted to a fallen tree top, within one hundred yards of the spot, into which the poor fellow had dragged himself, and where he now lay bleeding, but still alive. He had plucked the knife from his wound, and was endeavouring to dress it with the apron which had cost him his life, when his enemies approached.-The love of life appeared still strong within him, however. He greeted them with what was intended for an insinuating smile, held out his hand, and exclaimed in broken English, "how de do, broder! how de do! glad to see you!" But, poor fellow, the love, was all on his side. Their brotherhood extended only to tomahawking, scalping and skinning him, all of which operations were performed within a few minutes after the meeting-to such an extent had mutual injury inflamed both parties.-Sketches of Western Adventure. THE DOG DANDIE. master opened-Dandie proceeded to a very distant part of the house and soon returned, carrying in his mouth he book-jack, which Mr. M. now recollected to have left that morning under a sofa. A number of gentlemen, of giving him a penny, which he takes to a bakers's well acquainted with Dandie, are daily in the habit shop, and purchases bread for himself. One of these some time ago, was accosted by Dandie, in expecta gentlemen, who lives in James's square, when passing tion of his usual present. Mr. T. then said to him," I have not a penny with me to-day, but I have one at home." Having retured to his house some time after, he heard a noise at the door, which was opened by the servant, when in sprang Dandie to receive his penny. In a frolic Mr. T. gave him a bad one, when he as usual, carried it to the baker, but was refused his bread, as the money was bad. He immediately returned to Mr. T's, knocked at the door, and when the servant opened it, laid the penny down at her feet, and walked off, seemingly with the greatest contempt. Al though Dandie, in general, makes an immediate pur chase of bread with the money he receives, yet the fol lowing circumstance clearly demonstrates that he possesses more prudent foresight than many who are reckoned rational beings. One Sunday, when it was very unlikely that he could have received a present of money, Dandie was ob served bringing home a loaf. Mr. M. being somewhat surprised at this, desired the servant to search the room to see if any money could be found. While she was engaged in this task, the dog seemed quite unconcerned till she approached the bed, when he ran to her, and gently drew her Lack from it. Mr. M. then secured the dog, which kept struggling and growling, while the servant went under the bed, where she found seven-pence-half-penny under a bit of cloth; but from that time he could never endure the girl, and was frequently observed to hide the money in a corner of a saw-pit, under the dust. When Mr. M. has company, if he desired the dog to see any of the gentlemen home, it will walk with him till he reach his home, and then return to his master, how great soever the distance may be. Mr. M'Intire, patent mangle manufacturer, Regent bridge, Edinburgh, has a dog of the Newfoundland breed, crossed with some other, named Dandie, whose sagacious qualifications are truly astonishing and almost incredible. When Mr. M. is in company, how numerous soever it may be, if he but say to the dog, "Dandie, bring me my hat," he immediately picks out the hat from all the others, and puts it in his master's hands. A pack of cards being scattered in the room, A DRAMATIC INCIDENT IN REAL LIFE.-His Lordif his master had previously selected one of them, the ship's (the Marquis of Exeter) first marriage had been dog will find it out and bring it to him. One evening, unfortunate, and his second was at least singular. some gentlemen being in company, one of them acci- Disturbed in mind at the unhappy result of his first dentally dropped a shilling on the floor, which, after union, he had retired to a farm-house near Shrewsbuthe most careful search, could not be found. Mr. ry, where he lived incog, and solaced himself in rural M. seeing his dog sitting in a corner, and looking as if musings. His command of money, and his want of quite unconscious of what was passing, said to him, employment, at least, set the busy gossips of the neighDandie, find us the shilling, and you shall have a borhood at conjecture, and inferences were drawn not biscuit." The dog immediately jumped upon the table very favourable to his character, and sources of indoand laid down the shilling, which he had previously lent support. At last, his host thought of cutting his picked up without having been perceived. One time acquaintance, partly on this score, and partly because having been left in a room in the house of Mrs. Thom- the neighbourhood began to think him attached to his son, High street, he remained quiet for a considerable daughter. "But," replied the noble recluse, "what time; but as no one opened the door, he became im- would you say, if I really loved Sarah Hoggins, and patient, and rang the bell; and when the servant married her?" This altered the case. The wedding opened the door, she was surprised to find the dog pull-was agreed upon, the parties repaired to Burghley, and ing the bell-rope. Since that period, which was the first time he was observed to do it, he pulls the bell whenever he is desired; and what appears still more remarkable, if there is no bell-rope in the room, he will examine the table, and if he finds a hand-bell he takes it in his mouth and rings it. Mr. M. having one evening supped with a friend, on his return home, as it was rather late, he found all the family in bed. He could not find his boot-jack in the place where it usually lay, nor could he find it any where in the room after the strictest search. He then said to his dog, "Dandie, I cannot find my boot jack-search for it. The faithful animal, quite sensible of what had been until they arrived at the splendid palace of the Cecils, Sarah Hoggins had no idea that she was to be the Marchioness of Exeter.-Life of Sir Thomas Lawrence. [The word marchioness seems to have been written by mistake, since the damsel of Shrewsbury was the second wife of the earl, who, as the author himself tells us, was created a Marquis while Sir Thomas Lawrence was engaged in painting the portrait of the third wife.J-Tatler. There are some human tongues which have two sides, like those of certain quadrupeds-one, smooth! the other very rough. |