hand. On the left is a trunk of a tree, which rises against the arch. The design bears the stamps of the Hudson, Richardson, and Sir Joshua Reynolds collections, and is certainly very interesting, as it appears to be the first rough sketch for Vandyck's famous picture. RALPH N. JAMES.

Ashford, Kent.

"THE RANK IS BUT THE GUINEA'S STAMP" (5th S. xii. 426). The parallel from Wycherly is noticed in Bartlett's Familiar Quotations. ED. MARSHALL,

VISITATION BOOKS, &c. (5th S. xii. 347, 475).— With thanks to MR. PETIT for his reply, I observe that Noble says that the Visitation of Northumberland in 1615 has forty-two pedigrees. This is probably Vincent MS. 149, marked by Sim, p. 170, as original. But Harl. MS., 1448, printed in the Genealogist, vols. i. and ii., contains more than fifty pedigrees, as shown by the index. Is Mr. Sim's manual wrong? Is it possible that MS. D. 8, Coll. of Arms, noticed in the Genealogist, vol. iii. p. 195, may be the Visitation of Lincolnshire in 1562, or a copy of it? Noble (College of Arms, p. xix) prints the circular of the Earl Marshal and a summons to the Visitation of Gloucester in 1682. Was it not held? He says (p. 353) that the Earl of Egmont possessed many of the heraldic books of Henry St. George, including heralds' visitations. Among them might be Northumberland, 1615, and Gloucester, 1682. Where are they now? NOTA BENE.

Noble, in his History of the College of Arms, says that the Visitation of Lincoln for 1562 is in King's College, Oxford, and that there were Visitations for Gloucester in 1682 and 1683. I presume these are in the College. EDWARD FRY WADE. Axbridge, Somerset.

"PosY" A SINGLE FLOWER (5th S. xii. 188, 289, 329, 350, 378, 470, 515).—I thought the controversy respecting this term was closed, so I hesitated to send a contribution, but as I see that it is not I forward my mite. At the disbanding of the Republican army, shortly after the Restoration, Charles II. presented a week's pay to each soldier. In acknowledgment of this gratuity the men of one of the regiments "unanimously resolved with the week's pay to buy each man a ring, whose Posie should be The King's Gift'" (Merc. Pub., No. 58, Nov. 22 to 29, 1660). S. D. S.

SIR PHILIP SYDENHAM, BART. (5th S. xii. 429). -Sir Philip, the third and last baronet, was born 1676, and died unmarried Oct. 16, 1739. He was educated at Catherine Hall, Cambridge, and took his degree as M.A. 1696. In that year, his father and elder brother being both dead, he succeeded to the family title and estates. He became M.P.

for Ilchester in 1700, and for the county of Somerset 1701-5. He was a man of literary pursuits, formed a considerable library, corresponded with men of letters, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1700, but withdrew from the society in 1707. I am not aware that he published anything with his name. For family history see Burke's Extinct Baronetage, and for some letters which are characteristic, see Nichols's Illustrations of Literature, iv. 77-9. EDWARD SOLLY.

Sir P. Sydenham died Oct. 10, 1739 (Gent. Mag., 1739, ix. 554). L. L. H.

A PRINT BY DAVID LOGGAN (5th S. xii. 509).— This print is rather rare, but surely a search amongst the dealers of engraved portraits in London would discover one. For an account of the family of Sanders of Derbyshire, &c., reference may be made to Burke (Sir B.), Landed Gentry, fourth edition, under "Sandars of Chesterford." The writer has an original portrait of Thomas Sanders, which was exhibited at the National Portrait Gallery. S. SANDARS.

Oxford and Cambridge Club, S. W. "PERRY "

AS APPLIED to WOODY SPOTS (5th S. xii. 428).—I have observed and published that Perry or Pury occurs in or near to Roman roads, and denotes some abandoned Roman establishment. It is quite possible it may be a form of byrig. HYDE CLARKE.

A ROMAN BANQUET (5th S. xii. 506).—Had the Romans bills of fare, or what means did they take to explain to their guests the good fare which was to grace the feast? Had they tablets for the purpose, and, if so, how did they arrange them, where did they put them, and what were they called?

C. B.

A MEDIEVAL BELL: A CURIOUS INNOVATION (5th S. xii. 388, 434, 498).—In reply to MR. NORTH let me say that the Rev. J. W. Moore, Rector of Hordley, is quite sure that the letters, though worn, are correctly copied from the Old English characters on the bell, and adds :

"We thought at first that the letters we deciphered 'trinitas' might be the name of some saint, but careful inspection decides that they are 'trinitas' and nothing else. If there were any doubt as to the 'ora pro,' which there is not, the letters could not be 'miserere,' for whatever they are they are only six."

·

A. R.

The anomalous bell inscription, "Sancta Trinitas ora pro nobis," is to be found on one of the oldest undated of the three bells in the parish church of

Church during some of the most stirring years of a period of constant stir alike in Church and State. It carries us back, indeed, to some half-forgotten times of conflict. We find ourselves amid the crowd of angry faces in the Convocation of the University of Oxford bent upon the degradation of Mr. W. G. Ward, which another pen, that of Canon Oakeley, has so graphically described from a different point of view.-We are in Bow Church, protesting against the election of Dr. Hampden to the see of Hereford.-We are in a carriage hastily tacked on to a luggage train, jolting on through the weary length of Saturday night to reach Osborne in time to preach the sermon which is being written under such unique circumstances of discomfort. It is likely enough that many of the readers of this most interesting biography will not agree with some of the various expressions of theological and political sentiment scattered through its pages. But no one can open the book without being grateful, both to the Wilberforce family and to Canon Ashwell, for the picture here presented of one who devoted himself heart and soul to every phase of his life-work, and who deserves beyond any of his contemporaries the name of "the representative bishop of the Church of England."

Memorials of the Civil War between King Charles I. and the Parliament of England, as it affected Herefordshire and the adjacent Counties. By the late Rev. John Webb. Edited and completed by Rev. T. W. Webb. 2 vols. (Longmans & Co.)

MR. WEBB devoted the leisure of a long life to historical research. He did much in an entirely unobtrusive munner, and it is but bare justice to say that his work was thorough. It is much to be regretted that he was not spared to complete the book before us. The plan is most excellent, and the parts which were finished are worked well up to the design, but the book was left but a fragment. No one, however intimate, can use another's notes as the compiler himself would have used them. Mr. Webb was a stout royalist, and we must be prepared to see the old world of the seventeenth century through Cavalier spectacles, fully to enjoy the volumes. If we can but do this there is a great treat in store. The first pages, in which the secluded state of Herefordshire in days gone by is described, are really charming. The slow travelling, the foul ways and deep ruts, come before us as if we had seen them. The book is full of biographical detail, for much of which (would that we could say all !) exact references are given, and the lives are not given dictionary wise, as if written for the purpose of being forgotten as soon as possible, but with point and colour that make them cling to the memory like a verse of a ballad. How many of us know anything about Lady Brillana Harley, except, perhaps, the fact that she took her name from the Dutch town of Brille, of which her father was governor when she was born. Mr. Webb tells us that her name should never be forgotten among us, "not only so long as there is a Harley, but while there is a wife or mother among us to record her praise." This is strong language, but not too strong, as the sequel shows. The accounts of the various sieges are well done and contain new matter. That of the siege on Raglan Castle is especially worthy of notice. We wish the editor had revised the account of the surrender of Colchester. It is not just to speak of "the hard, pitiless Ireton." We suspect that the words are not Mr. Webb's, but have crept into the text from some of his notes, without marks of quotation being given. Opinions will always differ as to the expediency of putting Lucas and Lisle to death after the surrender, but it has now been established beyond cavil that the act was strictly in accordance with the laws of war.

English Men of Letters. Edited by John Morley.Milton. By Mark Pattison. (Macmillan & Co.) MR. PATTISON has earned the gratitude of Milton's admirers by gliding lightly over the history of the years during which the poet was tied down to the composition of official letters. With the exception of Milton's attacks on Salmasius and Morus not one of his pamphlets excited any attention from the external world or ruffled the quiet of English life. Save in the solitary instance of the indignant remonstances against the massacre of the Vaudois, his pen was never required for any of the important despatches addressed to foreign courts. The charm of Milton's life lies in the happy years spent in composing the musical yet melancholy poetry of L'Allegro and Il Penseroso amid the meadows of Horton, and in the enforced seclusion of Bunhill Fields, which was only broken by a casual visitor, like the "ancient clergyman of Dorsetshire." Even in the prosperity of the Commonwealth he "dwelt apart," and consorted not with any of the eminent writers of his time but Marvell. For this isolation in early life Mr. Pattison has found some excuse by stigmatizing the illustrious band of scholars at Oxford in the days of Dr. Prideaux as "the vulgarminded and illiterate ecclesiastics who peopled the colleges of that day." Mr. Pattison has had the advantage of finding in the bulky volumes of Mr. Masson all the material ready to his hand for a sketch of Milton's life, but the pages of this little volume contain many indications of an independent study of the history of the age, and their value is heightened by many a humorous touch and many a bright thought. We may be pardoned for expressing some regret that the language of a book designed for popular perusal should have been disfigured by many words-e.g.," pudicity,' 'pervasive," "asyntactic," "digladiations"-which ordinary readers would find some difficulty in understanding. In the second issue these blemishes might easily be removed, and a few errors in date, such as those on pages 168, 169, and 214, might profitably be corrected. Mr. Pattison persists in using the word "cotemporary." It meets us in almost every page, and wherever it arises repels. Has the rector of Lincoln never read the keen criticism of the "slashing Bentley" on that corruption of the proper spelling? Henrici Archidiaconi Huntendunensis Historia Anglorum. Edited from the MS. by Thomas Arnold, M.A., for the Master of the Rolls.

"

No complete edition of Henry of Huntingdon's Historia Anglorum has been printed in England since 1596, when it was included by Sir Henry Savile in the folio volume entitled Rerum Anglicanarum Scriptores post Bedam præcipui. Having waited so long, we would gladly have waited a little longer; fer although Mr. Arnold has improved the text by a careful collation of several MSS., his want of familiar knowledge of the details of Anglo-Norman history is constantly forced upon the reader. For example, he has printed in his text at p. 261 that Paganel fortified against King Stephen in 1138 the castle of "Ludelaue," when any one familiar with the baronial history of the period would know that the true reading was Dudelaue, because Paganel's castle was not Ludlow, but Dudley. Again, he says that Eustace Fitz-John held the castle of "Merton," when the true reading was obviously Malton in Yorkshire, where Eustace founded a priory in 1150 (Monasticon, vi. 970). He tells us, too, in the index at p. 351, that "Roger Earl of Norfolk rebelled against William II.," when it is notorious that Roger Bigot, who rebelled in 1088 and died in 1107, had no pretension to be Earl of Norfolk, and that the earldom was granted to his son Hugh by King Stephen. In like manner he fails to observe that "Rogerus Consul de Moretuil," who fortified Pevensey in 1088, was an

obvious misreading in the text at p. 214 for "Robertus Consul de Mortain," the Domesday baron of Pevensey, and the well-known half-brother of William the Conqueror. Mr. Arnold is not more successful in his glossary, where we are told that a Hide was " about thirty acres of land"! There are other blunders of the same kind, but we have pointed out enough to justify the criticism which we have felt bound to apply.

The Encyclopaedic Dictionary. A New and Original Work of Reference, &c. By Robert Hunter, M.A., F.G.S. (Cassell & Co.)

THE object of this publication is stated to be to supply "a work which should present the ordinary features of a dictionary of the English language, and, at the same time, treat certain subjects with something of the exhaustiveness adopted in an encyclopædia." Such a plan, properly carried out, would undoubtedly meet a general want, and fill an acknowledged gap. Unfortunately, in the present instance, it can hardly be said that the work is in every way satisfactorily done. The book is, no doubt, so far as it has gone, the most comprehensive English dictionary that has yet appeared, but this fulness is obtained at the cost of a great waste of space, inasmuch as all, even the slightest, Thus variations of spelling are separately inserted. we find "aberne," "aburne," "alburn," "auburn," and "awburn "aseth," asseth," "assith," and "assyth"; "according," and "accordyng," and many others. The editor does not appear to have followed any definite rule as to compounded words, but to have admitted all which he has found joined by a hyphen.

To such an extent has this been done that "after" and 'all," with their compounds, extend over seven and thirteen columns respectively. Amongst the etymologies we meet with many long since exploded, as well as some fresh ones of the same class. "Adder," we are again told, is from A.-S. attor, poison; whilst the true form, nadre, is only incidentally mentioned. "Afford" is derived from "Lat. ad to, and Eng. or A.-S. forth," an absurdity well exposed by Prof. Skeat in his Etymological Dictionary, a book which the editor of the present work would do well to consult. In the quotation given under "Aforthe" that word is a verb, not an adverb. Agraze" is said to be from A.-S. agrazian, a verb as yet unknown to Anglo-Saxon scholars. Under "Arbour" there is no reference to the true history of the word as first shown by Dr. Murray in his edition of Thomas of Erceldoun. "Abide" we are told was primarily intransitive, and meant to dwell or live in a place, whereas it really was transitive, and meant to await. "Abthane " is explained as the "High Steward of Scotland," whereas the true meaning is an abbacy, as was clearly shown by Dr. Skene, Historians of Scotland, iv. Fordun, pt. ii. p. 413, abthanus being an invention of Fordun, due to his misunderstanding the word. Halliwell's mistake as to the meaning of aboƒe, in the phrase, “to bring to one's above" (a phrase not so very infrequent in Gower and Caxton), is reproduced, although it has been fully explained by Prof. Child, in Ellis, Early Eng. Pronunc., i. 375. The whole article "Anend" will require to be corrected and the etymology generally to be revised. Mistakes, however, will occur, and in no kind of work, perhaps, are they more liable to occur than in diction: aries and books of that class. While, therefore, we should like to see fewer misprints, which tend greatly to depreciate the value of an otherwise valuable book, we cannot doubt that as a work of reference the volume will, from its fulness, more especially in scientific terms, be found exceedingly useful. It is well and clearly printed on good paper, and very neatly got up.

ON December 27, at his residence in St. James's Terrace, Regent's Park, died William Hepworth Dixon, His first literary efforts F.S.A., historian and critic. were poems in a periodical called Bradshaw's Magazine, but he also contributed to Douglas Jerrold's Illuminated Magazine and Shilling Magazine. In 1845 he published a five-act tragedy entitled The Azamoglan, and in 1846 he entered as a student at the Inner Temple, where in due time he was called to the Bar, but never followed up the profession. From 1853 to 1869 Mr. Dixon was editor of the Athenæum. A paper of his, entitled A Morning at Eden Lodge, induced Lord Auckland to publish his father's journal, and a similar paper, on the Treasures of Kimbolton, caused the preparation of the Duke of Manchester's Court and Society, to which Mr. Dixon contributed the Memoir of Queen Catherine." In 1864 Mr. Dixon made an Eastern tour, which resulted in the publication of The Holy Land, in two volumes. On his return from Syria he assisted in founding the Palestine Exploration Fund, and, in conjunction with Dean Stanley and others, conducted excavations in Jerusalem and elsewhere. Among Mr. Dixon's works, William Penn, Robert Blake, Free Russia, Her Majesty's Tower, The Switzers, &c., are familiar to all.

THE QUEEN has been graciously pleased to accept a presentation copy of Icon Basilikè, a new edition of which, with a preface by Miss Catherine Mary Philli more, has just been issued.

MESSRS. ROUTLEDGE & SONS write :-"We issued a shilling edition of the Four Sons of Aymon in 1852. It has long been out of print."

Notices to Correspondents.

We must call special attention to the following notice: ON all communications should be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

M. D. C. (Devonshire Club).-When English heralds shall have agreed upon an explanation of such a motto as "Stryke Dakyns, the Devil's in the hempe," Scottish heralds may find one for "Furth Fortune, and fill the fetters." Mr. Seton (Law and Practice of Scottish Heraldry, 1863, p. 250) attempts no explanation, but simply quotes the opinion expressed by the author of Atholl motto "defies all the heralds of Europe to explain a Journey through Scotland (1732) to the effect that the it!" Mr. Elvin, however, in his Handbook of Mottoes (1860), p. 73, had already ventured upon that trackless the reign of one of the early Scottish kings [notice this sea, and this is the explanation which he gives: "During delightful vagueness] a robber was in the habit of plundering the country. One of the Murrays, ancestor of the Duke of Athol (sic) undertook to put a stop to the annoyance, and as he was setting out the king is reported to have said to him, (Go) forth, (good) fortune (attend you), and (may you) fill the fetters (with your captive).' Mr. Elvin rather misleads his readers by giving the motto as belonging both to the Dukes of Athole and Lords Glenlyon, the fact being that the sixth duke, himself Viscount Glenlyon in the peerage of Scotland, had succeeded as second Lord Glenlyon, U.K., in 1837.

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