VENUE. The amount of revenue secure
ew York during the year 1841, was
g the three first quarters of the prese
37 23.

KNESS IV THE WEST. The health of the
Country, within the last few weeks, su
raph, has been bad. A congestive
ed nature, has prevailed, which has h
h unusual fatality. Thus far, bo
en spared, and but litle, if any seas
enced by our citizens. The Amen
arfully visited, and the number of
Large.

R. Since the 1st September, the
Orleans has been one cent per po

Boston on the 17th. O coming i orning she fired a salute, which w .The Sparian is spoken of as a f architecture.

author of several letters

Th

new steamer, with the Steamer Princeton. Captain Stockton in bui

intelligence of the loss of the Royal Mail Company's the slave question and the
steamer Isis, on the morning of Sunday, (9th inst.)
about 40 miles from the island. The Isis was on her
way to England to undergo repairs, having recently
been on the rocks near Porto Rico, and the Medway
was directed to keep company. On Sunday, in the
forenoon, the weather looking stormy, the specie raised yesterday, a numbe
and freight on board the Isis were removed to the gentlemen being present
Medway. The wind having increased to a gale the post, it is usual to place a
vessels lost sight of each other during the night;-keel, which was done by
towards morning, however, the attention of those lar gold, "heads up," as
I. by frequent flashes, which proved to be from the
on board the M. was attracted to the direction of the does nothing in a small wa
were saved and taken on board the M. with the ex-
guns fired by that vessel. The officers and crew
ception of one boy, who had overloaded himself
with clothes, and fell overboard and sunk."

North America, took fire on Friday night while lying
BRITISH STEAMER BURNT. The British steamer
at one of the wharves in Boston, and the flames
could not be extinguished until the whole interior of
the vessel was destroyed, or so badly damaged as to
require new building from the water-line. Her en-
gines were also much injured. She was owned in
St. John, (N. B.) from which place she had arrived
on the afternoon preceding the disaster.

John Black, of Ohio, an apprentice on board the
U. S. ship Ohio, aged seventeen years, whilst in the
act of lowering one of the ship's boats to assist at
the fire, met with an accident which caused his death
on the ensuing morning.

papers, will prove a most The Stockton gun, acco week, which prove that naval warfare. Experim remarks the Philadelphi the Kentucky rifle." We Fulton's torpedo and the Capt. Stockton would m building at the navy yar fully satisfied he will do so

Paul R. George, of Lowe val store keeper at the na of Tunis Craven, removed. the Brooklyn navy yard services have been we sp invaluable.

The naval court martial of Lieut. Pearce, of the CANADIAN TARIFF. The papers along the frontier was tried on Friday. Ye are engaged in speculations as to whether the con- New York Express, the templated impost on states' wheat sent to Canada ceed with Capt. Gallar will so nationalize the wheat so paying duty as to al- having been received of BRITISH FRIGATE SPARTAS, Clow the shipment of flour mede therefrom, to EngThe official papers land free of duty. No such thing was intended, as to the approval by the we believe, but the Canadians will be enabled to the sentences of the ship their own wheat free, and use ours for domestic board the U. s. consumption if they please. The duty, however, harbor. Lieut will materially diminish the transactions between upon sundry the states and Canada, and thus injuriously affect charges, and trade generally. In anticipation of this, the Buffalo vice. Comm Commercial Advertiser recommends the furnishing guilty of t a home market for our surplus grain. How this is to auspension be done we confess we do not readily see, unless it of September be, either by raising less-that is, by withdrawing a Jatoes Wate portion of agricultural capital from the field of them

Rev. JOSHUA SOULE, one of the ist Episcopal Church, and his c omas Sergeant, lefi Liverpol for in the packet ship Virginian, (N..

T. At Louisville on the 15th, was

rice varies according to quality fro rand Jury of one of the interior d New York have taken into their wheat erop in the following words he undersigned, drawn from the anty of Orleans to serve as grand eclare, that in our opinion, based heat crop does not come up to ne-third to one-half, and hirds us good as the crop of 188 continued wet weather, the pe e and in had condition. Sept low the names of the whole pas se considerate jurors omized f el drought which now so m g of another crop is unac reminded by the judge of th we should, have had abunda

MEMBERS OF THE LEGISLATURE. Bergen. Council. Kidder. John Cassedy.

Assembly-James J. Demarest, John H. Zabris-land-Jesse C. Horton.*

Assembly-John D. Field, Warren Brown, Wm. Bacon, Thomas Tustin, Francis Clinton, Jacob R. B. Paterson, Wm. L. Schenck.

Schuylkill-Abraham Heebner.

Northampton and Monroe-Joseph Kerr, Jeffer

Assembly-John W. Maskell, Nathaniel Robbins, son K. Heckman, Asa Packer.
Thomas Dickinson, Jr.

Cumberland. Council-David Whitekar.
Assembly-Thomas Ware, John R. Cory, Joseph

[Pittsburg Adv. of 28th.

As among the important sources of mineral wealth of our state, next to coal is that of iron. It enters into so many of our necessities and administers to so many of our luxuries, that it is needless to state any of the particulars of its usefulness: my object is to shew in a few words the great share it has had in elevating England to her present degree of wealth and power, and to shew that our state possesses resources in that mineral far superior to her.

Nearly all the iron manufactured in Great Britain, is produced from the "rock ore" (carbonate of iron), which accompanies the coal seams in South Wales, Staffordshire, the vicinity of Glasgow, &c. the whole amount of "raw pig iron" being about 1,500,000 tons, and the capital employed in it, several years since, was estimated at 7,000,000 sterling.

OHIO. our coal mines, the source of the greater riches than exhaustion of this fuel, elaborate calculations have COLORED PERSONS. An important judicial deci- ever issued from the mines of Peru, or from the dia- been made regarding its duration and its present sion has lately been made in Ohio, in relation to co- mond ground at the base of the Neela Mulla moun- ministry, with a view of checking its exportation lored people, by Judges Lane and Birchard, one of tains. But for our command of fuel the inventions have placed an export duty upon it. whom is a whig, and the other is a Van Burenite. of Watt and Arkwright would have been of small The decision asserts the principle that the legisla-account, our iron mines must have long since ceased ture of Ohio "have no power to make distinction to be worked, and nearly every important branch of among citizens of other states who may settle in manufactures which we now possess must have been this." And the principle is asserted in reference to rendered impossible, or at least have been conducted the case of a colored citizen of Louisiana, who had upon a comparatively insignificent scale." emigrated to and settled in the state. By this deci- Professor Buckland in the Bridgewater Treatise, sion, all the laws of the state making distinctions seems equally impressed with the importance of coal. on account of color, whether in relation to giving The amount of work done in England has been supsecurity, to educational privileges, or to testimony, posed to be equivalent to that of between 3 and 400,are rendered null and void, so far as the affect any 000,000 of men by direct labor, and we are almost colored citizen of other states who may have emi- astonished at the influence of coal and iron and steam, grated, or may emigrate to Ohio. upon the fate and fortunes of the human race-it rows, it pumps, it excavates, it carries, it draws, it lifts, it hammers, it spins, it weaves, it prints." "We MISSOURI. need no further evidence to shew that the presence of REPRESENTATION. The St. Louis Republican of coal, is in an especial degree the foundation of in- Bakewell in his Geology says: "I may be permit the 15th inst., contains an editorial article compar-creasing population, riches and power, and of im- ted to remark, that, however ancient the formation of ing the inequalities of representation in that state, provement in almost every art which administers to coal and iron may have been, the frequent occurwith the inequality which is complained of, by the the necessities and comforts of mankind, so advanta-rence of these minerals together, both destined in suffrage party in Rhode Island. The Republican geously adapted to the benefit of the human race." future time to give to men an extensive empire over says: "We give the free white male population of With the evidence of such facts and the opinions the elements, and to contribute largely to his means twenty counties, each represented by a single mem- expressed by such high authority, we certainly, can- of civilization and comfort, cannot fail to impress ber in the house of representatives. The ten counties in the left hand column contain 8,846 while not be accused of having too much confidence, when the reflecting mind with evidence of prospective dethose in the right hand contain 26,313-only lacking be assisted out of her present difficulties, chiefly by we express a firm belief that Pennsylvania is yet to signing intelligence." 225 souls of being three times the population of the the mineral wealth which lies in her bosom. I am other, or left hand ten counties! sincere in my opinion when I say that many years Caldwell, Polk, may not elapse before we shall look back with pleasure on the enterprize which opened the numerous avenues to our wealth, although we may regret the profligacy of the expenditure and the wanton waste 2,668 of the public money and private capital. Had a wise policy prevailed in the beginning, and the avenues 2,725 opened only where there was a reasonable expecta2,786 iton of a speedy return from developed districts, there 2,863 could have been no loss of public property nor pa2,948 ralysis of public credit. The avenues to the mineral

Lafayette,

784

Ripley,

788

Ralls,

Taney,

793

Greene,

Audrain,

871

Buchanan,

Clarke,

900

Scott,

Perry,

2.147

2 265
2,589

2,598

2,728

26,313

wealth of the state when properly conducted, have shown the value of such property. The Schuylkill Five hundred carpenters and joiners are said to Navigation Company for many years netted from 20 be out of employ at St. Louis.

MISCELLANEOUS.

THE COAL OF PENNSYLVANIA.
From the United States Gazette.

Before the discovery in England of making iron with mineral coal, that manufacture had there sunk almost into insignificance. The surface of the country had been stripped of its wood, and in the year 1740 the production had sunk to 17,000 tons, double that amount being imported. So important was it thought before that time, one of the objects of colonizing Virginia was stated to be the use of the forests in making iron for the mother country. The means, however, was discovered to exist within her own bosom, and the production of iron immediately rose, as the following table will show, to its present ex traordinary height:

But what may we not expect from the labour and mineral wealth of our state a few years hence. The new capital which has come in competition, as car riers, in the Reading Railroad, infuses a new life into the region. Its effect in reducing the price of fuel was instantaneous and will be permanent. In our Eastern cities in former years, the price of a ton of Anthracite varied from $7 to $14. It can now be furnished at $4 to 5,50, at the same places, and should it at any time be higher, it will be because tages of the proximity of coal and iron beds on which In Pennsylvania we have all the natural advanthe consumers do not choose to order supplies in so much stress has been laid by British writers.good time, and thereby cause a short product. These lie in most of our coal fields, and are accesIt cannot be considered an unreasonable antici-sible more particularly in the southern or Pottsville basin stretchiug from the Lehigh on the east, through sumption of coal, and that supply will for a time come the head waters of the Schuylkill to the Susquehanna, chiefly from the Pottsville District. If the new im- at Dauphin, on the west. Here beds of the carbopulse now given to manufuctures by the tariff, would nate of iron in great abundance accompany the coal force its extended use, being cheaper and better than ing district of iron in the world. not guarantee it, the very much reduced price would as they do in South Wales, the greatest manufactur

2. In the article published yesterday I wished to call attention to the importance of the coal fields of Pennsylvania and endeavoured to show that the products of her mines would, in all human probability be among the chief causes of her extrication from her present burthens. It is difficult for us to imagine it possible that there should not be a very rapid and great increase in the consumption of coal. The amount consumed on the Atlantic coast during last year, may be considered to be from all sources about 1,300,000 tons; about 160,000 being imported from Pictou, and from Great Britain. The mining and carrying of this coal to the consumer has given employment to a large number of laborers, and to a large amount of capital. It has caused, in these dis-pation, if we calculate on a large increase in the contricts, favorably situated towns and villages to rise up amidst neglected forests. The town of Pottsville contains 5000 inhabitants-active and intelligent as any place of its size in this country, and only a few years since its site was occupied by a tavern and a blacksmith shop, in the gorge of a mountain, and the We may have some idea of the rapid increase of vicinity which now teems with flourishing villages, the Anthracite trade of Pennsylvania, by looking at was as silent as the desert. Where thousands of busy the aggregate table of supplies, of which I will give picks are now in unceasing action day and night-the semi decades from the beginning. there then only could be heard through the hills the howl of the wolf. The busy stroke of the hammer of the mechanic may now be heard on all sides, and the plough is put into more active requisition for 40 or 50 miles around.

In addition to all these advantages, Pennsylvania has an abundance of other and superior iron ores, which carried to the coal will produce by a mixture a quality of iron superior to the British. I mean the hydrates and the oxides, the bog ores, hæmatite, primitive and fossiliferous ores. These abound in many counties and are accessible at very little expense.

With these two great sources of wealth-the real foundation of the power and eminence of Great Britain-what has Pennsylvania to fear, if the people place their confidence in honest and intelligent statesmen? Prosperity and confidence restored within her boundaries, the burthen of her present debt would be scarcely felt. [Communicated by "I"

ANNIVERSARY CONVENTION OF THE
UNITED STATES HOME LEAGUE.

Great, however, as this change is, may we not with reason expect it to be still increasing? Large Thus has this trade gone on constantly to increase as the amount of coal sent to market may seem to and the present year with all its unfortunate fatalibe, it sinks into insignificance when compared with ties, will produce, perhaps, a little over 1,000,000 that of Great Britain which we are informed on tons. Is there any other great branch of business good authority is 30,000,000 tons per annum. This, in the country which has held its steady course like valued at only two dollars per ton, gives us the large this. annual product of a single mineral at $60,000,000. Can we wonder, when we add at least as much from 3. The important influence of coal on civilization, her iron, at the power which keeps the world in and its value to a couutry possessing it in abundance, commercial subjection-that grasps the seas and has been slightly touched upon in my former Nos. New York, October 13, 1842. stretches its arms to the centre of continents? An The subject has engaged the attention of so many The United States Home League convened this accredited English writer says "it is the chief source distinguished writers in England, as well as the anxof our wealth and power, as the foundation of our ious solicitude of the government there, that it is day, its anniversary, at 12 o'clock, noon, in pursumanufacturing industry and without such a supply only necessary for those who wish to make them-ance of public notice and of adjournment, in October of fuel, our iron, lead, tin, and copper ore must have selves thoroughly acquainted with the subject, to last, at the rooms of the Lyceum of Natural History remained in their beds." look into the best statistical works, and into the six The president and secretary having taken their was called to order by the falio vols. of parliamentary reports, published at seats, the convention various periods within the last thirty years on this chair, and the general objects of the meeting briefly important branch of national wealth. Fearful of the stated.

Mr Porter author of "Progress of the Nation" says "it cannot be necessary to point out the many advantages which we derive from the profusion of

On motion of C. C. Haven, esq. it was voted, that |

Resolved, That our first duty as American citizens country is enriched by successful appropriations of a committee of five be appointed, which, uniting is a preference to the country which is the land of individual capitalists for these objects, it is for its inwith the central committee, shall constitute a busi- our birth or the home of our choice, and that we terest to protect them, or at least to pay the cost of ness committee empowered to bring all subjects of are bound steadfastly to maintain those principles learning the trades which enterprise and ingenuity business before the convention. The motion having which will advance its prosperity. One of these have introduced. Resolved, therefore, That protection is right in prinbeen carried, the committee were nominated and principles we believe to be that of fostering all the appointed as follows: C. P. Holcombe, esq. of De-industrial pursuits and useful arts that may tend to ciple as well as practice. Every nation that adopts laware; judge Thompson, of Saratoga, New York; our support and independence as a nation. This this policy advances in civilization and independence; Dudley Marvin, esq. of New York city; Samuel Oak- convention, therefore, openly takes the ground that all who neglect and abandon it, either remain poor ley, esq. of Brooklyn, New York; and Stephen Dodd, all the revenue necessary for an economical and li- and ignorant, or retrograde into barbarity. beral administration of the government should be Resolved, That we recommend to all our fellow-ciesq. of New Jersey. Joseph Blunt, esq. from the central committee, levied by discriminating duties for the protection of tizens, who wish to see our own laboring men well made some remarks in relation to the proceedings of American industry. the encouragement of the use-educated, well clothed, and well fed; to give presethat committee since the session of the last conven-ful arts, and the support of our national indepen-rence to fabrics made at home by our own freemen, rather than to use imported luxuries for the maintetion, and proposed to submit at length his views on dence. some important points which he desired might be Resolved, That any policy by which adequate pro-nance of unfortunate foreign serfs. Resolved, That the interests of agriculture and mabrought before the convention. tection to American interests is to be subverted On motion of Mr. Haven, it was voted that all re- would be a violation of the privileges now accorded nufactures are one and indivisible, as demonstrated solutions and subjects of business brought before the to the industrious and enterprising citizens whose alike by the experience of our own and the history convention, shall be referred to the business com-capital and labor are involved in the mutual interests of other countries; that the importance of the home of agriculture, manufactures and mechanical pur-market created by manufacturing, is strikingly exemsuits, and would moreover, be an infraction of that plified by the fact that the prices of land, of breadtrust reposed in our government which is so essen-stuffs and provisions were doubled during the operation of the tariff policy, and although the exportation tial to bind the people and the states to the Union. of the two latter has been diminished by foreign restrictions, the home consumption has vastly increased.

mittee.

After the transaction of farther minor business and the reading of various communications, the convention adjourned to meet again in the afternoon, whereupon the committee reported the following order of business:

1st. The choice of annual officers for the National Home League. 2d. The offering of resolutions. 3d. The appointment of a finance committee; an that an address, with other publications, be referred

to the central committee.

The report having been adopted, the convention which was as follows:

Resolved, That this convention, in common with Resolved, That while the immense contractions of the free industrial classes throughout the country, approve the general principle of protection for the our currency within the last few years, inevitably sake of protection, not incidental, nor horizontal, necessarily reduced the money prices of labor, we and least of all, accidental; but a liberal, well di- causing a reduction of the prices of all products, has gested, and, whatever its imperfections, most accep-rejoice to believe and know that, so soon as the new table tariff, being now passed, without compromise, tariff shall have had time to exert its fair and full efdustry, it will be our determined and most zealous

proceeded to the choice of oflicers, the result of by the independent votes of the friends of home in-fect in giving activity to business and steady employ

President, general James Tallmadge.

aim to guard it from repeal, or the insidious attacks ment to industry, the general condition of the labored, and the actual reward of Jabor increased, whatNew Jersey; 2d do. James Brewster, of Connecticut;ing sacrificed by sectional or political enemies, or ever its money price shall be. 1st vice president, governor Mahlon Dickerson, of of hireling presses in foreign interest, and from being classes will be sensibly and permanently improv 'base, revolting' friends.

3d do. Dr. J. W. Thompson, of Delaware; 4th do.
Harmaar Denny, Pennsylvania.

Recording secretary, L. D. Chaplin, New York.
Corresponding secretary T. B. Wakeman, N. Y.
Treasurer, Wm. G. Lambert, New York.

Central commillee or council:

ADJOURNED SESSION.

a

tection.

Resolved. That it is hereby recommended to the Resolved, That as the example of the U. States in friends of the protection of home labor throughout offering reciprocal treaties, upon free trade princi- the union, to press the importance of this subject upon ples, has been counteracted by a narrow system of the attention of the laboring men of the country in foreign policy, favoring some portion of our home every practicable manner, and to require of the canproducts to the great disparagement of others, didates for congress, especially of the respective po and has been decidedly prejudicial to the general in-litical parties, express and unequivocal avowals of Joseph Blunt, C. C. Haven, A. Chandler, J. D. Pterests of the country, it is due to our national honor their soundness on this question, and their determinaOgden, Julin Campbell, New York, city; Samuel and welfare to be just in regard to our own states as tion to consider it secondary to no other interest, but Oakley, Brooklyn, New York; Joseph Burden, Troy: well as friendly to foreign nations; and without to uphold faithfully the principle and policy of proCharles S. Morgan, Virginia; John S. Riddle, Phila- abandoning a liberal spirit of international trade. delphia, Penn; Joseph Grinnell, and Allen Putnam, we ought to maintain our own essential rights and Whereas, it is of paramount importance, in the of Massachusetts; W. B. Kenney, New Jersey. Mr. Haven, from the committee on business, fur-foster the growth and independence of our own maintenance and dissemination of the principles and object of this national association, and of its auxiliather reported a series of resolutions, which being country in preference to any other. Resolved, That the protection and promotion of theries throughout the United States, that an organ, or read collectively, again taken up separately, read, arts of peace constitute an integral part of the publication, communicating those principles and the and discussed maturely, they were ultimately and strength and sovereignty of a nation, and deserve as various and important facts on which they are based, unanimously adopted. defence the patronage of government as much as should be speedily and permanently established— navies or standing armies. It is the decided opinion, therefore, therefore, of this convention, that our country re- Resolved, That a publication proposed through adThe chair, after calling the convention to order, quires the formation of a home department devoted vice of the central committee, by the secretary, unaddressed the meeting at length, and with much to the industrial interest of the country, including der the title of "THE UNITED STATES ME force, on several important points connected with those of agriculture, commerce, manufactories, min-CHANIC AND HOME ADVOCATE," meets with the objects of the National Home League. Thos. ing, the fisheries, and internal improvements, which, the approval and sanction of the convention, and that Fletcher, Esq of Philadelphia, followed in some in connection with commissioners of the customs, it is recommended to the auxiliary associations and very pertinent remarks on the effects of the late ta- should steadily furnish reports to congress and the the friends of home industry and American interests riff, and the interests of the farmer as connected country at large, by which our legislators may be therewith. The convention was further addressed enlightened and our citizens generally be benefitted. generally. by several gentlemen, with much ability and effect. Resolved, That the members of this convention, At a subsequent meeting of the central committee, The secretary here stated to the convention that he had received letters from delegates appointed to representing the united Home League of the whole it was resolved that C. C. Haven, Esq. be requested the convention, apologizing for their inability to at-country, disclaim, as they have ever done, a blind to prepare an address to be published under its sanctend. Also a letter from C. P. Holcomb, Esq. of allegiance to any party, but, uniting with the inde- tion. Such an address intended to consider fairly the pendent and true friends of home interests of all par-principles, history and advantages of the protective Delaware, by whom it had been expected the conties, they seek to advance the general welfare of the policy, and to disseminate information based on stawhole country by the diffusion of patriotic senti-tistical facts, and communications from men of all ments and the practice of invaluable American parties, and the various interests connected with the principles.

Friday, 14th.

vention would be addressed, stating that he had been unexpectedly called to leave the city.

The business committee, through its chairman, Mr. Haven, then presented several resolutions, which being severally discussed, were, with one exMr. Greely then ception, unanimously adopted. offered other resolutions, the reception of which not being in accordance with a preliminary vote of the convention, regulating its proceedings, that vote, on motion, was rescinded to enable the mover of the resolutions to bring them forward for the approval of the meeting. The resolutions, after an animated debate, and much diversity of sentiment, were decided to be carried, on the third appeal to the votes of the meeting, by a majority of three. The convention thereupon, on motion adjourned.

NOTICE.

subject in every section of the country, it is the request of the writer that any particular views and important information which may enable him to digest and complete a publication suitable to the importance of the subject, may be forwarded to him free of postage, by the several auxiliary leagues, and others interested in the cause of home interests as soon as practicable.

Resolved, That a great change in public opinion
having been brought about by the statistical facts and
arguments published by the Home League associa-
tion, we now urge on the central committee the con-
tinuance of such publications. We wish farmers es-
pecially, to see the value of our home market for
those agricultural products they cannot send abroad
without paying from 100 to 1,000 per cent. more
duties than are levied on imports taken in exchange
for them, and we want our citizens generally to un-
derstand the fact, that protection is not for the bene-
fit of monopolists at home, but to defend us against
those abroad-for with our home market secure
L. D. CHAPIN, secretary.
against excessive imports of such goods as we can
and ought to manufacture, every such article, amply
protected, will become cheaper by the effect of home
competition, and thus put an end to smuggling, as
well as foreign rivalship.

RESOLUTIONS.

Resolved, That the members of this committee welcome the return of this anniversary. It brings with it proofs that our labors have not been in vain; that the sceptre of the people is everywhere extended towards us, encouraging us to maintain sound

principles in preference to party requisitions, and promising the ultimate success of what we wish to establish, viz: protection to American industry wherever developed, the promotion of our agricultural, commercial, and manufacturing interests, and the maintenance of foreign trade on principles of just reciprocity.

REMARKS OF GEN. JAMES TALLMADGE,

On taking the chair of the Home League, after his re-elec‐ tion as president.

Friday evening, Oct. 14. GENTLEMEN: Before proceeding to business, allow me to express to you my gratification at the high compliment you have paid me in re-electing me your president. Although I had desired to be excused from further service in this post, and had so informed you, yet since you have decided to command me farther, I accept the station indicated, and shall endeavor to discharge its duties with zeal and assiduity.

Resolved, That an union of education and labor is as This appears to me fit occasion for one or two advantageous to a young nation desirous to introduce he useful arts. as schooling and learning a trade is remarks bearing on the principles and objects of our among the enterprising young men of an industrious Home League. I feel that our labors for the last community. The expense of introducing skill and year have been beneficial to the country. We have costly experiments to obtain perfection in any me-reared the standard of true American principles, and chanical and manufacturing pursuits should be indem- disseminated truths which will long exert a salutary nified by those who are benefitted by it, and if our influence. I feel that our association should be pers

CELEBRATION.

petuated, and that we should urge the importance of REMARKS OF GOVERNOR SEWARD AT THE CROTON creditor. It is this point of view that the completion forming similar leagues of the friends of home indus-! try in every state, until we shall present an organization complete and unbroken from one end of the union to the other. Never were our principles more important than now-never was their maintenance more essential to the well-being of the country. The time is favorable for asking your attention a few moments to some facts connected with the principles which we seek to establish.

The late census informs us of the remarkable fact that four-fifths of the entire population of the union are engaged in or directly supported by agriculture. The great agricultural class are the rulers of the country. They are essentially sound on this vital subject of protection. They are right when they act upon it at all. They need but to be awakened to the importance of prompt and vigorous action to secure the decided and abiding triumph of our cause.

Mr. Mayor and fellow citizens: Accept my thanks for this flattering, this generous welcome. To be thus remembered at a moment like this, amidst the heartfelt rejoicings, not only of the thousands who dwell in this proud city, but of the multitudes who have poured in from the surrounding communities, demands and receives my warmest gratitude.

You have well observed, sir, that these multitudes have joined in this glorious pageant, not as curious spectators, but rather as joint owners of the great work whose completion we this day celebrate. It is indeed the triumph not only of the city but of the country at large. Its results reach far beyond the narrow confines of the metropolis. An achievement like this which casts the mantle of protection over the commercial store houses of the continent, may indeed be a subject of felicitation for the whole American people.

We have this day enjoyed the spectacle alike rare and sublime, of a vast community uniting in one common emotion, called forth by the performance of a great act in the mighty drama of a nation's history. If the immortal bard spoke truly of individual

man when he said,

"All the world's a stage,

of this costly structure, we this day commemorate, is replete with encouragement and instruction. Sir, let us for a moment suppose that the municipal legislature after incurring a heavy debt, had, in a monent of prejudice, passion, or fear, before the completion of the aqueduct, suspended its further construction. Could we imagine a spectacle more degrading than the dismembered work lying in fragments through out its length of forty miles, from the Croton Lake to the confines of the city? Who could then be found "so poor to do it reverence," and who so sternly virtuous, as to submit without complaint, to the taxation which such folly would render necessary? Let us then adopt as a cardinal maxim, in the conduct of these great enterprises, that benefits must be made to keep pace with burthens-in a word, that works once commenced must be steadily and perseveringly prosecuted, and we afford the surest guarantee for the preservation of public faith.

The Croton Aqueduct is but one of many works of physical improvement constituting portions of an extensive system, commenced in a season of great prosperity, and all like this tending to develope the resources and promote the honor and welfare of the country. Why is it, that while public contidenes has forsaken all others, it has crowned the consumma

tion of this? Can the cause be mistaken? Is it not

that enlightened forecast, and steady, unflinching perseverance have carried this work to its destined end? The mingled emotions of pride and joy which have filled the bosoms of the vast multitudes this day assembled afford but a foretaste of the feelings which will be kindled when our whole system of

Let us turn a moment to the condition of our national commerce. Our imports last year amounted to $127,000,000; on which we imposed and collected duties amounting in all to $14,000,000, or barely 11 per cent. on the aggregate. During the same year, our export of home products, mainly agricultural, amounted to $91,000,000. On which, foreign nations imposed duties amounting to $113,000,000, or at the rate of 124 per cent. on their total value-or a balance of over one hundred per cent. against the labor and production of this country! Can the country bear this? Ought not all considerations of mere parAnd all the men and women merely players, They have their exits and their entrances, ty interest be made to give way until we can devise a And each man in his turn plays many parts." permanent remedy against this enormous injustice? Ought we to rest contented under a burthen of one how much more august the spectacle to him who hundred per cent. imposed on the free labor of this meditates on social man playing his various parts public works shall be brought into beneficial operacountry in a competition with the vassal labor of Eu-upon "the broad and universal theatre of nations" tion. With this bright example to encourage and rope, living on sixpence a day? and amid the shifting scenes of human society. And lead us onward, shall we be told that we have not such a spectacle is this day presented. We celebrate the ability to proceed further? Away then with una work commenced and completed indeed within our manly despondency! Our state possesses resources day and generation, but extending its results far and revenues, sure and unfailing, equal to the supinto the lengthening vista of succeeding ages. I port of her government and the payment of all her will not attempt, sir, to embody the emotious ex- existing debts-and I here proclaim, that without cited by the event, nor even to depict the feelings of embarrassment, or cause for embarrassment, she pleasure awakened by the physical change which has could with the expenditure of a sum but little exstolen over the city of our pride and affection. A ceeding that which the city of New York has exnew feature has been stamped upon the face of our pended on this aqueduct, complete to the utmost metropolis. But yesterday it was the dusty trading mile, all her unfinished canals and rail roads. If the mart, unattractive and unadorned. To-day the pure city, with three hundred and twelve thousand inhabimountain stream gushes through its streets and tants, can expend on a single undertaking twelve sparkles in its squares. To the noble rivers with millions of dollars, cannot the state of New York, which it was encircled by nature is now added the with two andalf millions of people, and comprelimpid stream brought hither by art, until in the hending within its limits this very city, sustain the words of the Roman poet, alike descriptive and pro- further burthen of seventeen millions required to phetic, her citizens exult finish works now in progress? The proposition demonstrates itself. We want only time and not much of that. Let us dispel then the clouds which obscure our vision, look at the brightening sky, and put forth every energy and submit to every burthen, even to each citizen's taking the spade in his own hands, to complete the New York and Erie and the New York and Albany rail roads, the two unanished lateral canals, and the enlargement of the Erie ca

The commercial statistics of our country have only been collected and preserved systematically since 1816. From these the following facts are obtained: Our coasting trade is entirely protected against foreign competition. Since 1816, our coasting tonnage has quadrupled, while during that same period our tonnage employed in foreign trade has not augmented at all! During that term our population has doubled! Why not our foreign tonnage? The answer to this question is, that during this term the British tonnage engaged in trade with this country has doubled, while the German has trebled!

Inquiries made within the last year show that of the heavy importation into this port eighty-three per cent. (five-sixths of the whole) were avowedly on foreign account, while of the residue about one-half was nomina'ly imported by commission houses, but really on foreign account also. Here are our own merchants. native and naturalized, driven out of the trade of their own country, and forced into retirement or bankruptcy, because nine-tenths of the business which should be theirs is surrendered into the hands of foreigners!

The time was, when New York was the commercial emporium of our country. Is it so now? Is not our emporium virtually London or Liverpool? The time was when she had forty ships on the stocks; the time is when she has not one! The time is also now when she has more than two hundred vessels lying idle in our docks. The external commerce of the country has passed mainly into foreign hands, carrying with it our carrying trade our tonnage, our ship-building. Is it not time that the country should earnestly resolve to take care of its own interests-to cherish efficiently its own commerce and its home labor? Let us hope that the passage of the new tariff marks the commencement of such a policy.

"inter flamina nota

Et fontes sacros."

But it is not for the purpose of dwelling on the grandeur of this noble work, or evensits manifold and beneficial influences upon the health and happiness of a vast population, that I have risen, but rather to draw from the occasion whatever of instruction it suggests.

nal.

One more reflection and I shall have done. This aqueduct, like all our other public works, was undertaken not only for the present but for the future.Its capacity is graduated not to supply the wants of the present population of the city, but to meet the exigencies of the million who within half a century may be congregated upon Manhattan Island. Shall that million be allowed to plant here their hopes and their homes? That resuit depends on the com pletion of the public works of this state, and those of the communities with which we are connected. There are other Atlantic ports besides New York, other rivers besides the Hudson, other canals and rail roads besides our own, other governments besides the city councils I address and the legislature of our state; and although the trade of the continent now flows in our channels, it has not worn them so deeply that it may not yet be diverted.

I would then venture to remark that this stupendous aqueduct and these splendid fountains, so worthy of being enjoyed, are equally worthy of being paid for. They owe their very existence to that mighty engine of modern civilization public credit. With borrowed money they have been built. Is there one among us "with soul so dead." as to doubt that this debt will be paid to the utmost farthing? Is there one among this assembled multitude who would enjoy the benefit, yet basely shrink from the burthen? The glorious work yet remains manfully to meet and punctually to pay the debt which has been so wisely, so beneficently incurred. Who will venture to predict that this sacred duty will not be fully performed? Who can believe that the foul blo of repudiation will ever spread itself over the pure untarnished credit of this high spirited community? Were this possible, the massive walls and lofty arches of this noble structure, now the city's pride, would stand as monuments only of her degradation and temporary effect, and with no personal motive. I Believe me, fellow citizens, that I speak for no shame. It is not, sir, that I believe it possible that have reason to love the state of New York, not under any circumstances or under any temptation. our city or our state could fail for a moment to main-merely like all her sons, but I owe her a debt that few are ever permitted to incur. If, short of Hea tain unsullied its public faith, but rather that it seems peculiarly proper on this occasion of rejoicing ven, I have an object paramount to her welfare and to declare our firm belief that the debt incurred for honor, I know it not; and if I have a thought, feelat the celebration was given in the New York the public works not only of this city and this state, ing or emotion inconsistent with her best and highest

Gentlemen, I could wish to present further facts of similar tenor to your notice, but time will not permit. We can now only add, as from cause to effect, that agriculture is without a market, commerce is perishing, the nation is without a currency, the government has an empty treasury, labor is unemployed, and the home industry of the country is depressed and degraded in an unequal competition with the vassal labor of other countries. Let us proceed to the business of the evening.

CROTON CELEBRATION.

An erroneous version of governor Seward's toast

papers and inserted from them into the Register, page 125. To give the correct version, is due to that gentleman the more especially as there was exception taken to the exclusiveness of the sentiment as erroneously published. The remarks made at the time by the governor are too good to be considered of local import. We copy them for their intrinsic

merit.

but of all the American communities, will be as it
ought to be, paid to the utmost farthing. It is true,
sir, that in some misguided portions of our country,
breaches of public faith have occurred injurious to
the national character and dangerous to public mo-
rals; but I cannot doubt that each and every of the
defaulting communities which shall steadily and
manfully persevere to the final completion of its
works, will find in the resulting benefits, ample
means for redeeming the faith plighted to the public

interests, may this right arm drop off and may this tongue forget its cunning.

With pride which none but a citizen of the state of New York can know, I offer to this vast assembly this sentiment:

The city of New York. One American community which through a trying crisis, and amidst discourag ing embarrassments, has prosecuted the system of physical improvement, at the same time malataining its credit and completing its works.