John Stafford Smith, Esq. organist in Africa. Several other seeds were to his Majesty, intends publishing, by with the above, particularly those of subscription, a curious and interesting the timber-trees and the carpopogon collection of ancient music, chiefly niveum and others, excellent substiconsisting of melodies in canto fermo, tutes for Windsor and kidney beaus. provencal lays, and other pristine pieces, produced antecedent to the invention of the counter-point; toge ther with hymns and anthems by the celebrated Orlando Gibbons, and other distinguished masters of "the old school." The publication will be farther enriched by selections from the mass; l'Homme Arme, some very scarce madrigals by Adrian Willeart, Orlando de Lasso, Stradella, &c. up to the time of Bounoucini; and also with two Italian songs by Geminiani. The whole is to form a view of music from the 7th to the 18th century, and is intended to be illustrative of the Histories of Burney and Hawkins, and to trace the sources and progress of melody in the British Isles; accompanied by remarks, biographical and critical, and to be dedicated to the Earl of Dartmouth.

Mr. Davis, of Pilchcombe, in Gloucestershire, has obtained a patent for an improvement in the manufacture of woollen cloths. It possesses the elasticity of the stocking pieces, and the substance, dress, and durability of felted cloths, which is produced by the union of the stocking and cloth manufactures, the weaving being upon the principle of the former. It is called improved patent elastic cloth, and, independent of its ease and durability, is more impervious to wet than any cloth ever made, unless means had been used to render it water-proof.

ARTS, SCIENCES, &c.

A new mode of producing artificial cold has been struck out by Professor Leslie of Edinburgh. Without any expenditure of materials, he can, by means of a simple apparatus, in which the action of certain chemical powers is combined, freeze a mass of water and keep it for an indefinite length of time in a state of ice. In an hour he has thus formed a cake of ice six inches la diameter, and three quarters of an inch thick. With very little trouble he can produce a permanent cold of 90 degrees of Farenheit below the temperature of the air, and might easily push it to more than 100 degrees. The professor continues his important researches, and will lay them before the public in due time. Dr. Roxburgh has transmitted to the secretary of the African Institution in this metropolis, the Cajaputta oiltree seed, fresh from two young trees in the garden at Calcutta. They are particularly minute, and require dexterity to make them productive. They were packed in wax cloth, and with them a memorandum was transmitted with directions for rearing the sunn and paat of the east, which Dr. Roxburgh thought would prove valuable

Mr. John Craigie's improved kitchen fire-place is calculated to save twothirds of the fuel now used; it consists in the application of the powers of an air-furnace, to give heat externally, and in using sand, iron, or other dense bodies to receive and retain heat. The plate or front will serve for broiling or frying. Roasting in high perfection may be performed in front, even with the door shut. An oven for baking may be fixed at the flue; and in roasting, a fire-screen should be used.

In consequence of some recent experiments by Messrs. Cuthbertson and Singer, from which there is reason to conclude that, by the proper application of a moving power, the quantity of electricity given out by any machine in a deter minate time may be doubled, trebled, quadrupled, or even increased tenfold, a very considerable accumulation of electric fluid may be obtained; a circumstance of great interest in the present state of electrical and chemical enquiry.

A learned correspondent has suggested the following improved method of constructing galvanic troughs; viz. by reducing them to one or two cells in each piece, by which means they might be afforded very cheap, and by placing any number of those pieces in continuation in a simple box or trough, made for the purpose, he thinks the power could be increased to any degree required.

New Mode of marking Sheep.-The for a few moments, there will be found Rev. Charles Pine Coffin, of East a thick scum of red matter, being the Down, Devon, has found out a mode calx or oxide of the metal, formed by which cannot be obliterated, neither the corrosive mature of the iron, and does it injure the wool. It con ists in the taste is strongly impregnated with nothing more than marking on either it at the same time. Iron pipes seem side of the nose of the sheep the ini to have been likewise adopted by the tial of the owner's name, and on the proprietors of the East Loudon wateropposite side any number by which works: but though the durability of he may chuse to designate the parti- iron beyond that of timber cannot be cular sheep, by means of a small iron disputed, some regard ought to be letter or figure, abo t an inch long; had to the prevention of a few monowhich being dipped in common oil polists from endangering the health colours mixed with turpentine to dry of a million of people. them more readily, is placed on the part described, and will continue till the next shearing season. The process is easy, and gives the animal no pain; the marks cannot be readily obliterated, which is not the case with tattooing or cauterizing. Specimens of these iron letters and figures are left by the author to be inspected at Hetling House, Bath.

At the last lecture given at the Royal Institution, the large voltaic apparatus, consisting of 2000 double plates, four inches square was put in action. The sparks and the light which it emitted were most brilliant, and so intense as to resemble the sun; they struck through some lines of air, and produced a discharge through heated air nearly three inches in leng, and of a dazzling splendour. Several bodies never fused before were fused by this flame, as were also the new metals, together with zireon and alumine. Charcoal was made to evaporate, and plumbago appeared to fuse in vacuo. Charcoal was ignited to intense whiteness by it in oxymuriatic gas, and volatized in it, but without being decomposed. It is hoped that the application of so powerful an instrument, and such easy methods of producing the most intense heat will lead to some new facts in analytical science.

Bad Effect of Iron Water-pipes.Hitherto the softness of the Thames water has been remarkable, but it now appears that being transmitted into houses at the west end of the town through iron pipes, it requires the antidote of soda to render it any way subservient to the purposes of washing. In cooking it is supposed to have a still more pernicious effect; for after boiling a copper of this water

The art of printing linen, cotton, &c. in France, is sad to have been improved so far, as to produce a solid green at one application Some time since, it is understood that a considerable reward had been offered in England for this colour.

An institution for the benefit and improvement of the opulent blind is in agitation in the neighbourhood of this metropolis, of which the Duke of Sussex is to be one of the nominal patrons. Here, in addition to the common acquirements, the patients are to be familiarized with the fashionable amusements of cards, chess, draughts, back-gammon, dancing, &c. It is observed, that M. Hauy, before the French revolution, taught blind pupils to read, write, and correspond with distant friends, besides arithmetic, music, geography, and the ru diments of science in general.

A German chemist has, by the aid of various substances, extracted from the green shells of horse chesnuts very beautiful yellow and brown colours, the latter in the greatest diversity of hues. They are intended to stand both on woollens and silks, though the stuffs may have been wetted and wrung out, and some of them even washed in caustic liquids.

An eye-glass micrometer has been recently contrived to measure the diameter of the filaments of wool from different fleeces to the 10,000th part of an inch. This instrument may be used in determining the comparative fineness of wools.

Turkish, or Oriental Paste.-On examining some ornaments, such as ear-rings, bracelets, broaches, &c. inade at Paris of a kind of perfumed paste, they have been found to be made from the Japan carth, or memoi

catechu, which, being mixed with globe, the centre of union, and the grand staple of all trade. The fleets of all maritime powers shall enter its ports, and its markets shall be filled with every article of trade, drugs, and commodities of every kind, and the fruits of the industry of many nations. Here," continues this Frenchman, "shall Caffrees and Algerines, Chinese and Persians, Abyssinians and Hindoos, Banyans and Jews, Greeks and Armenians, Christians and Mussulmen, be seen to meet together" No real good, however, he thinks can be effected until those obstacles are removed which selfishness has created: the expulsion of the Mamelukes for this reason is a measure indispensable. "But though the French have given up this valuable position, yet their expedition taught them how easily they might establish themselves there, in spite of the united efforts of Turks, Arabs, and Mamelukes, nay, even in spite of the malicious envy of the English, if the rest of Europe would but give their concurrence to the measure, and promote the design of colonizing, by degrees, a country whose present inhabitants are so sunk in superstition, and so blind to their own advantage. A time will certainly arrive when it will be evident to every civilized nation, that much utility would spring from the total extermination of a race of beings that disgrace the land in which they live.

musk or ambergris, and diluted with gum dragon, are consequently perfumed. The mode of proceeding is as follows:-They first take the requisite quantity of cachou, reduced into small bits; on this is then poured eight times its weight in equal portions of strong vinegar and rose water. This mixture is then put into a glass bottle stopped with a piece of moistened bladder, pierced with a pin-iole, to give them air; it is next placed in a sand bath, or on a stone moderately heated, until the cachou is dissolved. When cool, it is filtered through grey paper; it is then put into a retort, to which a recipient is attached. The whole of the spirit is then distilled until it emits nothing but clear water; afterwards the residue at the bottom is put into a china-bowl; and to every ounce of dissolved cachou, half a dram of the solution of gum-dragon is added, and the whole is mixed up into a thick paste, which congeals in the cold. The polished moulds which afterwards form this paste, must be anointed on the inside with oil of al monds or jessamine, to prevent the paste from adhering thereto. It is then covered over, and left to hrden gradually. Turkish pearls, lustrous and perfectly black, are also composed of cachou or terra japonica. These form a beautiful relief to the common pearl, or composition, and also to ornaments of gold or silver. The colour of these Turkish pearls, as well as the scent, can be varied according to fancy, by using different colouring articles.

Egypt.

"But it may be said, in opposition, that there is one nation that will not consent to a participation of tradea nation that seeks to annihilate the industry and prosperity of every other; that claims for her own ships the exclusive rights of navigation; that arrogates to herself the sole sale of the This country and the benefits of its eastern and western produce, and the situation are still the subject of appre- supreme dominion of the immense ciation among the French writers.- ocean. Let Egypt continue buried One of them has very lately observed, in barbarism; let the harbours of "that it is more from its geographical Alexandria, like its channels, be situation than from the fertility of its choaked with sand, and let the fertile soil, &c. that Egypt will and must un- soil of Egypt remain an uncultivated doubtedly be an extensive sharer in desert; the passage round th Cape the commerce of all civilized nations. will always be open, and the honest Placed between the Mediterranean Englishmen will take charge of the and Red Seas, on the frontiers of Asia navigation of the world! Yet, sooner and Africa, and equally convenient or later, universal will overcome indifor Europe and Asia, this country was vidual interest. The route to India certainly destined to become the point by the Red Sea is so short, so little of contact for every nation of the exposed to danger, the period of the

voyage so limited, the ports to be in most of the common coloured veltouched at for water, repairs, &c. so vets; and the cut of the shag, which conveniently situated, the monsoons forms the surface of the velvet, was of so constant and regular, that undoubt- a much greater exactness than in the edly this passage to India will one day ancient way. Exclusive of the imbe preferred to every other." provement in the fabrication, it ap pears by this process, that two pieces of velvet are now made in the same time as formerly it took to make a single piece. The advantages are obvious."

Among the new works lately produced, we reckon the Mithridates of the late M. Adelung; M. Becker's two numbers of the Augusteum, or description of the Dresden Gallery; M. Boettiger's Commentary on the Aldobrandine. Nuptials, &c. &c. - Eichhorn's Universal History of Literature, is nearly finished. Hencke's History of the Christian Church is completed. M. Mathison has published some Sentimental and Picturesque Journies, under the title of Recollections. The Universal History, a posthumous work, by Johannes Von Miller, forms the

first number of his works now pub- which, having devoured whatever lishing. Most of the sovereigns of they could find upon the surface of the Confederation of the Rhine have the ground, fell one upon another. At forbidden spurious editions of this length, the weaker party took flight, work under severe penalties. Among and being pursued by the conquerors, other new works lately published, are threw themselves by myriads into a fifth volume of Nestor's Russian An- the Tiber, which at times was quite nals, by Schlotzer-M. Wiebeking's covered with them. important Memoirs on Hydraulic Architecture-M. Zoegas' six numbers of Ancient Basso Relievos-M. Cotta's Proceedings on the Art of Engraving on Stone M. Goethe's Elective Af nities, a novel-a German poem of high antiquity, entitled the Song of the Nebelunges--M. Ripenhausen's History of Painting in Italy-The Almanack of the Fine Arts, containing memoirs of artists residing in Rome, &c. A German traveller has recently discovered in the vicinity of the Red Sea the ruins of the ancient city of Dscherrách, probably the Gerusa of Antiquity. He found the remains of several public edifices, two amphitheatres, several palaces, a temple, &c.

duced since the French became Among the new regulations introToledo, which used to be a scene of masters of Naples, the street of confusion, from the multitude of been completely cleared, and the mulwares, fruit, &c. &c. sold in it, has titude compelled to go to different market-places assigned by govern

Holland.

ment.

stead of its being a perpetual fair, will The midst of this street, inadmit of persons walking or riding as they please.

Fish is the only article in the necessaries of life which has risen materially. This arises from the compulsion that the fishermen are under every day to take out fresh cards of permission to go a fishing. The fishermen are neither allowed to run out M. Thoel, in the Journal Hollandois, beyond certain marks, nor to set out under the title of Scheikundige Men- or return at any time excepting that gelstoffen, gives the following direc- marked by the signal guns. As to tions for making a vegetable blue:distress it is not denied but that there "Gather a sufficient quantity of the is much in private, which has been common field blue bottles of the deep- occasioned by the secularization of est colour, together with the cap of the convents and monasteries, as great the flowers, which are to be dried a numbers of poor were in the habit of little upon a stove of a moderate heat. receiving soups and dinners from The flowers in this state, half dried, them. Many of the superior ranks, are to be steeped in gum arabic the nobles, &c. are wretchedly involv water, and the whole kneaded toge- ed in debt. On the other hand, as is ther: this paste is then to be placed the case in all revolutions, several of between paper, and strongly compressthe lower classes have risen to opued between two boards. They are to lence, and loll in their coaches; while be left in this state some days, and others, who used coaches before, now the contents bruised in a stone humbly walk on foot. Upon the mortar, adding to the same a small whole, it must be allowed that great quantity of allum dissolved in water. advantages have been derived from -It is then to be filtered, and the the system of government introduced liquor evaporated into a china vessel, by the French, as the number of robwhen the residue at the bottom beries has diminished one-third, and will be found the finest vegetable that of murders two-thirds, since the flight of the royal family.

blue."

Italy.

For several days towards the end of May prodigious crowds of people thronged upon the banks of the Tiber at Rome to witness a singular phenoA wind from Africa had brought an immense swarm of locusts,

menon.

New Holland.

The hop bine has attracted the notice of several persons in this new settlement as an object of cultivation. Two acres of hops were planted by Mr. Squire in 1808, from which he gathered five hundred weight of clear