1. 30. of it, we should now say ' on it.'

11. 31, 2. strong, vivid: that I have... lot, sc. in his imagination; possessed, taken possession of.

1. 34. set up an equipage, bought a carriage and horses.

P. 82, 1. 11. extravagance, wildness of imagination, though with a reference to the literal extravagance of which Gossling had been guilty.

1. 12. expensive, addicted to spending money.

11. 13, 4. live up... possessions, regulate our expenditure not by what we actually possess, but by what we expect some day to become possessed of; spend up to the limits of our expectations, not those of our income. make a figure, indulge in a display.

1. 16. disburse, here used to mean 're-imburse.'

1. 17. place, appointment, office. reversion, property to which we may be heirs on the death of somebody.

1. 19. break, become bankrupt.

1. 23. contingent, dependent upon some event which may or may not come to pass.

1. 24. occasions romantic generosity, leads us to indulge in a generosity of an extravagant character; from the French 'romances,' tales of a fantastic nature, we get the word 'romantic' in the sense of high-flown, extravagant. chimerical, see note, p. 23, 1. 7.

1. 26. live above ... circumstances, spend more than his income. 11. 30, 3. It should be... possess, cp. Bacon, Essays, Of Expence, 'Ordinary Expence ought to be limited by a man's estate; and governed with such regard as it be within his compass."

THE TRUNK-MAKER AT THE PLAY. No. 235.

P. 83, 1. 4. province, sphere, scope of action. 1. 9. numerous, crowded.

1. 15. wainscot, boarding, railing in front; Skeat, who derives the word from 'wain,' i. e. waggon, and 'shot,' says, "The original sense would appear to be wood used for a board or partition in a coach or waggon, which seems to have been selected of the best quality; hence it came to mean boards for panel-work, and lastly, panelling for walls"...

1. 16. Trunk-maker, maker of leather-covered boxes to contain clothes, etc., especially when carried on a journey.

1. 25. the rather, all the more because; the, ablative of the demonstrative pronoun, that.

1. 26. than ordinary, than he ordinarily is.

1. 28. uttering himself, giving expression to his feelings.

1. 29. transported, carried out of himself, excited beyond restraint.

1. 30. play-house thunderer, the man employed at the theatre to imitate the sound of thunder in a storm by rolling weights across an iron ceiling stretched above the stage.

P. 84, 11. 6, 7. a huge oaken plant, a huge stick formed of a young oak plant, or a branch from an oak tree.

1. 10. lays it upon, strikes with it: next, nearest.

11. 10, 1. stands in his way, is within reach.

11. 11, 2. composes . posture, resumes his former posture of

earnest attention.

1. 15. except against it, find fault with it, take exception to it. 1. 16. shining, bright.

1. 21. the clap, applause given by clapping the hands which the sentiment deserves.

1. 23. ratifies it, seals it with his approval.

1. 26. pay his attendance, attend, be present.

1. 29. laid about him, sc. with his oaken plant, vigorously used his stick.

1. 33. this season, the fashionable period of the year in London; plies, sc. his vocation, exercises his function.

1. 34. Nicolini, a famous Italian actor and singer of the time. 1. 36. upon Dogget, in applauding Dogget; "Thomas Dogget, an excellent comic actor, who was for many years joint-manager with Wilkes and Colley Cibber" (Ferguson).

P. 85, 1. 3. obstreperous, displayed in so violent a fashion; literally clamorous, from Lat. ob, against, near, and strepere, to make a noise, rattle, roar.

1. 7. sounding, reverberating.

1. 9. kettle-drum, a drum resembling a kettle in shape; cp. Haml. i. 4. 11.

1. 13. director, conductor, as we should now say.

1. 15. raise my simile, use a more dignified simile.

1. 16. Virgil's... wind, Eolus ; see note, p. 14, 1. 6; the passage referred to is in Eneid, i. 85.

1. 20. saved, from being condemned by the audience.

1. 25. come into it, join in it.

1. 27. brutum fulmen, literally a bolt of lightning striking

blindly, i.e. without any discrimination on whom it falls; here, as Addison renders it, mere "empty noise."

11. 27, 8. when it has... it, when the sound of the trunk-makers' applause is not to be discovered in that of the general audience. 1. 30. to be...interest, to exert himself in favour of.

11. 33, 4. hits... head, applauds at the right moment; to hit the nail on the head' being a proverb for doing a thing deftly, touching the important point in a discussion.

P. 86, 11. 2, 3. that stands... applause, that is near enough for him to reach and to express his approval on.

1. 5. pure, wholly.

1. 9. the spring of his arm, the energetic use of his arm, that nimbleness of action which a man has while still in his full vigour.

1. 12. bamboos, as being light weapons and so suited to the airy character of operas.

1. 13. crab-tree cudgels, which should give forth a sharp sound suited to the vivacity of comedy; cudgels made from boughs of the crab-apple and of a more springy, elastic, character than the solid "oaken plants" to be used for the solemn business of tragedy.

1. 14. to the end, with the object.

1. 16. preferred, advanced.

1. 19. Art of Poetry, the Ars Poetica, or Epistle to the Pisos, by Quintus Horatius Flaccus, the Roman poet, a metrical treatise on poetry written towards the close of his life.

1. 20. a due composition, a blending in proper proportions.

VARIOUS WAYS OF MANAGING A DEBATE. No. 239.

1. 26. have obtained, have prevailed, been customary. P. 87, 1. 1. catechetical method, a system of question and answer, like a catechism.

1. 2. upon, after, in succession.

1. 4. up, we should now omit the word.

1. 3. out of... mouth, by his own admissions.

1. 5. the passes, the paths, outlets, for escape; literally the narrow passages between mountains.

1. 6. at discretion, on any terms that the victorious party may choose to grant.

1. 8. syllogisms, a process in formal logic, consisting of the major premiss, the minor premiss included in the major, and

the conclusion drawn from the two, e.g. All men are mortal (the major premiss), I am a man (minor premiss), therefore I am mortal (conclusion).

1. 13. by sap, by undermining the defensive works; a metaphor from the siege of a fortress, etc.

1. 16. laid out... answers, stated in the form of, etc.

1. 21. Basilinum, a pun upon the name Basil, as though the Argumentum Baculinum, i.e. argument by beating, argument of the rod, had originally been invented by one Basil.

1. 26. polemical, controversial, literally warlike. to discharge, as though they were firing upon an enemy.

1. 27. betake themselves, have recourse to, make use of. 1. 29. their gainsayers, their opponents, those who disputed their reasonings; the prefix gain- is the A.S. gegn, against.

was

1. 34. Scotists, followers of Duns Scotus, a Franciscan friar, who with Thomas Aquinas, a Dominican, founded the two great rival sects of scholastic philosophy which wrangled with each other for several centuries. This philosophy, which had its rise in the ninth century and flourished greatly in the early years of the thirteenth century (the age of Aquinas and Scotus), in its general principle an alliance between faith and reason-an endeavour to arrange the orthodox system of the church, such as authority had made it, according to the rules and methods of the Aristotelian dialectics, and sometimes upon premises supplied by metaphysical reasoning" (Hallam, Lit. Hist. i. 12, 13).

1. 35. Smiglesians, followers of Martin Smiglecius, a logician of repute in the earlier years of the seventeenth century. Highstreet, the main street of Oxford.

1. 36. garrisons, i.e. their college rooms; keeping up the metaphor in "defile" and "troop."

P. 88, 1. 3. letters, literature.

1. 7. Erasmus, the great German scholar and theologian, famous among other things for his controversy with Luther, who first visited England in 1497, and in 1510 was appointed Professor of Greek in the University of Cambridge.

1. 9. laid him on, we should now say laid on him, or set upon him.

11. 14, 5. A certain grand monarch, Louis the Fourteenth of France, who was known as "Le Grand Monarque."

11. 17, 8. he is now ... weapons, an allusion to the triumph of the allied English and Dutch forces under Marlborough and Eugene at whose hands the French sustained defeat at Blenheim, Ramillies, Malplaquet, etc.

Il. 18, 9. has to do with, has to meet in combat.

11. 19, 20. the old gentleman, Favorinus, a philosopher and sophist in Hadrian's reign.

1. 21. one... Emperors, Hadrian, emperor A.D. 117-138. 1. 23. visibly, evidently.

11. 24, 5. who is ... legions, who can command the services of, etc. A legion consisted of ten cohorts of foot soldiers and three hundred cavalry, making together between 4200 and 6000 men.

1. 27. by poll, by counting the number of persons in favour of, and opposed to, an argument; poll, head, then a register of heads or persons; also a place where votes are taken.

1. 29. according ... Hudibras, a satirical poem by Samuel Butler, of which the hero is Hudibras, a Puritan knight, who goes about, like Don Quixote, redressing wrongs and putting up with beatings; the reference is to Pt. ii. 1. 297.

1. 32, 3. the poor refugees, the French Protestants, who, after long sufferings in their own country, took refuge in England after the Revocation by Louis in 1685 of the Edict of Nantes, an edict by which Henry the Fourth had allowed them freedom of worship.

1. 34. an author, "The author quoted is And. Ammonius... The Spectator's memory failed him in applying the remark, which was made in the reign of Henry VIII. It was, however, much more applicable to that of Queen Mary" (Ferguson).

P. 89, 1. 2. a Sorites, a heap of syllogisms, the conclusion of one forming the premiss of the next; from Gk. σopeúw, to heap one thing on another. commonly... faggots, here the 'heaping up' is not figurative but actual.

1. 3. a kind of syllogism, a method of enforcing an argument, of proving a thing.

1. 5. disputed... doubts, convinced by argument.

1. 11. engines, ingenious contrivances, such as whips, racks, etc.

1. 12. gallies, the vessels, as in Italy, which convicts were condemned to row.

1. 21. the mint, the place where money is coined; from Lat. moneta, a surname of Juno, in whose temple at Rome money was. coined.

1. 27. Philip of Macedon, to whom we owe the expression 'a bridge of gold,' i.e. a way out of a difficulty secured by bribery.

11. 28, 30. He refuted... liberties, i.e. by a free use of bribery he obtained his purposes without using force.

11. 33, 4. suddenly, briefly. art of cavilling, method of arguing by raising empty objections to everything advanced as a reason,