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speech to the state of the expedition. The general is attacked with great 1780. severity, and Sir William Howe comes in for a share of the author's keen animadversions.

11 A SUPPLEMENT to the State of the expedition from Canada; containing General Burgoyne's orders, respecting the principal movements and operations of the army, to the raising of the siege of Ticonderoga.

Quarto.

Becket,

12 A CANDID EXAMINATION of the mutual claims of Great Britain and the colonies; with a plan of accommodation, on constitutional principles. By the author of Letters to a nobleman on the conduct of the American war.

8vo.

Wilkie,

First printed in New York in 1775. "The author, it is supposed, is Mr. Galloway, late a member of Congress, and a convert to the British government." M.R.

13 AN ESSAY on the interests of Great Britain, in regard to America; or, an outline of the terms on which peace may be restored to the two countries.

8vo.

Sewell,

"After expatiating, with good sense, on the impolicy of our continuing the war in North America, the author proceeds to enumerate the terms on which a happy union between the two countries might be effected; and which, he says, he is well assured would be received by America." M.R. 14 THE DETAIL AND CONDUCT of the American war, under Generals Gage, Howe, Burgoyne, and Vice-Admiral Lord Howe. With a very full and correct state of the whole of the evidence, as given before a Committee of the House of Commons; and the celebrated fugitive pieces, which are said to have given rise to that important inquiry. The whole exhibiting a circumstantial, connected, and complete history of the real causes, rise, progress, and present state of the American rebellion. The third edition.

8vo.

Richardson,

"This is a new and much enlarged and improved edition of A view of the evidence, &c. (see No. 13, 1779.) The author is rather violent in expressing his resentment against the revolted Americans, the minority party at home, and some of the commanders mentioned in the title-page, particularly the Howes; but he appears to be a well informed writer and a judicious compiler." M.R.

1780. 15 THE NARRATIVE of Lieutenant General Sir William Howe, in a Committee of the House of Commons, on the 29th of April, 1779, relative to his conduct during his late command of the king's troops in North America. To which are added, some observations upon a pamphlet intitled Letters to a

nobleman. Quarto.

Almon,

"Sir William's vindication now appears; and candour must acknowledge
that it is not a feeble attempt to rescue the general's reputation from the
obloquy thrown upon it, not only by the author of the letters (to Joseph
Galloway, esq.), but many other writers, who had joined in the cry
against the noble commander."

16 A REPLY to the observations of Lieutenant General Sir William
Howe, on a pamphlet intitled Letters to a nobleman, in which
his misrepresentations are detected, and those letters are
supported by a variety of new matter and argument. To
which is added, an appendix, containing: I. A letter to Sir
William Howe, upon his strictures on Mr. Galloway's private
character. II. A letter from Mr. Kirk to Sir William Howe,
and his answer.
III. A letter from a committee to the
pre-
sident of the Congress, on the state of the rebel army at
Valley Forge, found among the papers of Henry Laurens,
esq. By the author of Letters to a nobleman.
8vo. pp. 149.

Wilkie,

Mr. Galloway's defence of his own character and conduct, against Sir
William Howe.

17 THREE LETTERS to Lord Viscount Howe. To which are added,
remarks on the attack at Bunker's Hill. Wilkie,

8vo.

“These letters contain many strong articles of impeachment of the conduct of Lord and Sir William Howe, during their command in America. The particulars are too well known, and the silence of the noble brothers is, by many, considered as a strong presumption that the charge implied in them is not to be answered." M.R.

18 PLAIN TRUTH; or, a letter to the author of Dispassionate thoughts on the American war. In which the principles and arguments of that author are refuted, and the necessity of carrying on that war clearly demonstrated. By the author of Letters to a nobleman, &c. and Cool thoughts, &c.

8vo.

Wilkie,

"Another of the numerous pamphlets of Mr. Galloway, wherein he strongly 1780. recommends a spirited prosecution of the war, in which he has not the least doubt of the complete success of the British arms; and he points out the policy by which America may be firmly and perfectly united with Great Britain." M.R.

19 OCCASIONAL LETTERS on taxation; on the means of raising the supplies within the year, to answer the expenses of a necessary war; and on such means as would probably tend to secure Great Britain, and its natural dependencies, the blessings of peace, on a durable system. By an Independent

man.

8vo.

Dodsley,

"These letters contain some judicious observations on the exigences of the
times, and the subject of finance. Much is also urged on the expediency
and necessity of a speedy and cordial re-union with America, for which
the writer argues with zeal, but on moderate and liberal principles."
M. R.

20 COOL THOUGHTS on the consequences to Great Britain of
American independence, on the expense of Great Britain in
the settlement and defence of the American colonies; and
on the value and importance of the American colonies and
the West Indies to the British empire. Wilkie,
8vo.

"The intention of this tract is to shew the ruinous consequences to Great
Britain of acknowledging the independence of the American colonies,
written in a decent and dispassionate, though very earnest and serious
strain." M.R. Supposed to be by Joseph Galloway.

21 DISPASSIONATE thoughts on the American War; addressed to the moderate of all parties.

8vo.

Wilkie,

"The advice given by this moderate and judicious writer is, that we should immediately relinquish the American war, as a scheme not only impracticable but impolitic, and turn our whole national strength against the House of Bourbon. He does not seem to be a party man, but if he leans any way, it is toward administration." M.R.

22 HISTORICAL and political reflections on the rise and

progress of the American rebellion. In which the causes of that rebellion are pointed out, and the policy and necessity of offering to the Americans a system of government founded in the principles of the British constitution, are clearly demonstrated.

4

1780.

ticuliers des ports les plus frequentés, ou recueil de cartes
hydrographiques, à l'usage des vaisseaux du Roi, redigé
d'après les cartes françoises et etrangeres les plus estimées.
Rectifié d'après des plans manuscrits authentiques, et assu-
jetti aux observations astronomiques. Dressé au depôt géné-
ral des cartes, plans, et journaux de la marine, et publié par
ordre du Roi.
Paris.

Atlas folio.

A collection of very beautiful charts of the coast of North America, with
plans of the ports, harbours, &c. published on separate sheets, between
1778 and 1780, for the use of the French navy.

34 HISTOIRE PHILOSOPHIQUE ET POLITIQUE des établissemens et
du commerce des Européens dans les deux Indes. Par
Guillaume Thomas Raynal.

Quarto, 4 vols. and atlas.

Another edition.

8vo. 10 vols. and atlas in 4to.

Geneve.

ib.

As this work could not be published in Paris, the Abbé Raynal caused three
copies to be printed there, one of which he sent to Geneva, from which
the present edition was printed. It is stated by Grimm that more than
one third of this work was written by Diderot. According to Barbier, a
number of other persons were concerned in it, particularly Holbach,
Pechmeja, Paulze, Dutasta, Deleyre, the Abbé Martin, and Counts
Aranda and de Souza. The Biographie Universelle (art. Raynal) says
that the production of so many hands must necessarily be a bad book;
and that, besides the assistance derived from other persons, whole pages
were copied from other works without any acknowledgment. A decree
was issued by the parliament of Paris, May 21, 1781, against the
author and his book, which obliged him to leave France. "That this
history is written in an animated style, and that it contains many just
reflections, both political and philosophical, is known to all Europe; for
it has been translated into every European language. Its beauties, how-
ever, are deformed by many sentiments that are irreligious, and by some
that are impure." Chalmers.

35 HISTOIRE DU PARAGUAY Sous les Jesuites et de la Royauté
qu'ils y ont exercée pendant un siècle et demi; ouvrage, qui
renferme des détails très interessans et qui peut servir de
suite à l'Histoire Philosophique et Politique des établissemens
des Européens dans les deux Indes. Orné d'une grande carte
du Paraguay, du Chili, &c.
8vo. 3 vols.

Amsterdam.

This work appears to have been taken principally from the "Coleccion de 1780. Documentos, &c. (No. 26 of 1768,) comprising a translation of nearly the whole of the fourth volume of that work.

36 LE DESTIN DE L'AMERIQUE, ou dialogues pittoresques dans lesquels ou developpe la cause des événemens actuels, la politique et les intérêts des puissances de l'Europe relativement à cette guerre, et les suites qu'elle devroit avoir pour le bonheur de l'humanité, traduit fidelement de l'Anglois. Small 8vo. pp. 106.

Written by M. Cerisier. Barbier.—Said in the preface to be translated from the fourth English edition.

37 NOUVELLES CONSIDERATIONS sur Saint Domingue, en reponse à celles de M. H. D. Par M. D. B.

8vo. 2 parts.

Paris.

An answer to M. Hilliard D'Auberteuil by M. Du Buisson. Barbier.-See
Considerations, &c. 1776.

38 RIFLESSIONI IMPARZIALI Sopra l'Umanita degli Spagnuoli
nell' Indie contr' i pretesi filosofi e politici per servire di
lume alle storie de' Signori Raynal et Robertson, del Sig
Abbate D. Giovanni Nuix.
Venezia.

8vo.

There are two Spanish translations of this work, defending the humanity of the Spaniards towards the natives of America, one published at Madrid, in 1782, the other at Cervera, in 1783. "The author would have rendered a more important and honorable service to the Spaniards, if, instead of endeavouring to disculpate them from calumnies, not entirely without foundation, he had manifested to foreigners the useful measures which the Spanish Ministry were taking to remedy the abuses of their colonial government." Sempere, Biblioteca.

39 LETTERE AMERICANE di Gianrinaldo Conte Carli.

8vo. 2 vols.

Cosmopoli (Florence.)

Reprinted in 1781 at Cremona, in 3 volumes, with some additions by Giuseppe Bianchi. A German translation was published in 1785, and one in French in 1788. "These letters originated in a correspondence of Carli with his cousin, the Marquis Gravisi, in 1777 and 1779. In the first part, the author describes the manners and customs of the Americans before their country was discovered by the Europeans. He refutes, on every point, the paradoxes of Pauw. The second part is hypothetical; its object being to discover at what epoch the people of the Atlantide (that large continent which has disappeared in some general commotion of the globe,) might have had communication with America on one side,

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