Spheres of justice : a defense of pluralism and equality
Explains how diverse societies distribute such entities as education, citizenship, work, leisure time, honors, and love, as well as wealth and power, and argues that a just distribution necessitates an open egalitarianism
xviii, 345 pages ; 25 cm
9780465081905, 9780465081899, 9780465081912, 0465081908, 0465081894, 0465081916
9016547
1. Complex equality
Pluralism
A theory of goods
Dominance and monopoly
Simple equality
Tyranny and complex equality
Three distributive principles
Free exchange
Desert
Need
Hierarchies and caste societies
The setting of the argument
2. Membership
Members and strangers
Analogies: neighborhoods, clubs, and families
Territory
"White Australia" and the claim of necessity
Refugees
Alienage and naturalization
The Athenian Metics
Guest workers
Membership and justice
3. Security and welfare
Membership and need
Communal provision
Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries
A medieval Jewish community
Fair shares
The extent of provision
An American welfare state
The case of medical care
A note on charity and dependency
The examples of blood and money
4. Money and commodities
The universal pander
What money can't buy
Conscription in 1863
Blocked exchanges
What money can buy
The marketplace
The world's biggest department store
Washing machines, television sets, shoes, and automobiles
The determination of wages
Redistributions
Gifts and inheritance
Gift exchange in the Western Pacific
The gift in the Napoleonic Code
5. Office
Simple equality in the sphere of office
Meritocracy
The Chinese examination system
The meaning of qualification
What's wrong with nepotism?
The reservation of office
The case of the American blacks
Professionalism and the insolence of office
The containment of office
The world of the petty bourgeoisie
Workers' control
Political patronage
6. Hard work
Equality and hardness
Dangerous work
Grueling work
The Israeli kibbutz
Dirty work
The San Francisco scavengers
7. Free time
The meaning of leisure
Two forms of rest
A short history of vacations
The idea of the sabbath
8. Education
The importance of schools
The Aztec "House of the Young Men"
Basic schooling: autonomy and equality
Hillel on the roof
The Japanese example
Specialized schools
George Orwell's Schooldays
Association and segregation
Private schools and educational vouchers
Talent tracks
Integration and school busing
Neighborhood schools
9. Kinship and Love
The distributions of affect
Plato's Guardians
Family and economy
Manchester, 1844
Marriage
The civic ball
The idea of the "Date"
The woman question
10. Divine grace
The wall between church and state
The Puritan commonwealth
11. Recognition
The struggle for recognition
A sociology of titles
Public honor and the individual desert
Stalin's Stakhanovites
The Nobel Prize in literature
Roman and other triumphs
Punishment
Ostracism in Athens
Preventive detention
Self-esteem and self-respect
12. Political power
Sovereignty and limited government
Blocked uses of power
Knowledge/power
The ship of state
Disciplinary institutions
Property/power
The case of Pullman, Illinois
Democratic citizenship
The Athenian lottery
Parties and primaries
13. Tyrannies and just societies
The relativity and the non-relativity of justice
Justice in the twentieth century
Equality and social change