What Causes War? : an Introduction to Theories of International Conflict

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Preface and Acknowledgments; 1 Empirical Theory and the Causes of War; Empirical Theory; Levels of Analysis; 2 The Individual Level of Analysis, Part I; Why Are Human Beings Aggressive? The Nature-Nurture Dispute; Nature: Early Ethology; Nature: Second-Wave Studies in Ethology and Primatology; Nurture: The Basics; Nurture: Cultural Evolution; Nurture: Peaceful Societies; Nurture: Social Learning Theory; Nurture: Three Experiments in Learning Peace and War; Conclusion; 3 The Individual Level of Analysis, Part II; Do Individuals Make a Difference? The Role of Reason: The Rational ModelThe Role of Personality: Psychological Theories; The Role of Emotion: The Cognitive Revolution; The Role of Bias: Heuristic Theories; The Role of Risk Bias: Prospect Theory; The Role of Images and Beliefs; The Role of Decision-Stage Psychology: The Rubicon Theory; The Role of Misperception; The Role of Stress; Conclusion; 4 The Substate Level of Analysis; The Role of Rationality in Small Groups: The Rational Actor Model; The Role of Rationality: Expected Utility Theory; Why Governments Don't Use the Rational Actor Model. The Role of Rationality: Bounded Rationality TheoryThe Role of Structure: The Organizational Process Model; The Role of Structure: The Bureaucratic Politics Model; The Role of Group Psychology: Groupthink; Group Concurrence Beyond Groupthink; Prescriptions for Better Small-Group Decision Making; Conclusion; 5 The State Level of Analysis, Part I; Liberalism: Some Basics; The Role of Regime Type (1): Democracy and the Monadic Peace; The Role of Regime Type (2): Democratization; The Role of Regime Type (3): Rogue States; The Role of the Business Cycle: Good Times and Bad Times. Does Size Matter? The Role of Power, Size, and DevelopmentThe Role of Population (1): Lebensraum; The Role of Population (2): Lateral Pressure; Conclusion; 6 The State Level of Analysis, Part II; The Role of Internal Conflict (1): The Diversionary/Scapegoat Theory of War; The Role of Internal Conflict (2): Contested Institutions; The Role of Internal Conflict (3):"Kick 'Em While They're Down" Wars; The Role of Internal Conflict (4): Revolution; The Role of Internal Conflict (5): Outside Intervention in Internal Conflicts; The Role of Internal Conflict: Summing Up and Implications. The Role of NationalismThe Role of War Weariness; Conclusion; 7 The Dyadic Level of Analysis, Part I; The Role of Contiguity and Territorial Disputes; The Role of Shared Ethnicity; The Role of Rivalry; The Role of Regime Types in Dyads; The Role of Dyadic Power Balances; Conclusion; 8 The Dyadic Level of Analysis, Part II; The Role of Action and Reaction in Dyads (I): The Spiral Model; The Role of Conciliatory Responses in the Spiral Model: Liberal and Conservative Views; Implications for Theory and Policy: The Security Dilemma; The Spiral Model: A Dissenting Opinion